成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開
美國(guó)正衰落的12個(gè)跡象

美國(guó)正衰落的12個(gè)跡象

Jill Hamburg Coplan 2015-07-27
從幾項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的指標(biāo)看,愛爾蘭、英國(guó)、加拿大、甚至阿爾巴尼亞和希臘都比美國(guó)的表現(xiàn)好。

????一份新近發(fā)布的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告綜合此前發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)認(rèn)為,從多項(xiàng)重要衡量指標(biāo)看,美國(guó)正在走下坡路,不過決策者還沒有注意到這點(diǎn)。

????請(qǐng)看以下數(shù)據(jù):

????? 美國(guó)的兒童貧困率比其他任何一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都高,連飽受歐元區(qū)危機(jī)之苦的希臘和波蘭、立陶宛、愛沙尼亞等東歐國(guó)家也比美國(guó)的低。

????? 美國(guó)的成年國(guó)民財(cái)富中位值為3.9萬(wàn)美元,在全球所有國(guó)家和地區(qū)中排名第27位,塞浦路斯和愛爾蘭都超過美國(guó)。

????? 要是比一比“生活滿意度”,美國(guó)只排在第12位,落后于以色列、瑞典和澳大利亞。

????報(bào)告作者認(rèn)為,作為高度工業(yè)化的國(guó)家,美國(guó)的人均財(cái)富、健康和教育總得來說只能算平庸。而且,衡量美國(guó)社會(huì)福祉的多種指標(biāo)、國(guó)內(nèi)的清廉程度、基礎(chǔ)性服務(wù)的質(zhì)量和成本也都在下滑。政府投入醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)支持著龐大的管理機(jī)構(gòu),而醫(yī)療和教育的成果每況愈下。

????紐約市立大學(xué)布魯克林學(xué)院的企業(yè)營(yíng)銷學(xué)教授赫爾希.H.弗雷德曼是共同撰寫上述報(bào)告的一位作者。他說:“我們觀察了覆蓋范圍廣泛的衡量指標(biāo),也觀測(cè)了特定的個(gè)別指標(biāo)?!眻?bào)告作者認(rèn)為,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)最危險(xiǎn)的跡象包括:雖然國(guó)民收入增加,但存在貧富差距,這導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩,可能引起社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。

????弗雷德曼與帝國(guó)州立學(xué)院的教授沙拉·赫爾茨(報(bào)告的另一位作者)在報(bào)告中寫道:“資本主義取得了驚人的成功?!笨稍诿绹?guó),它已經(jīng)變得太肆無(wú)忌憚,掠奪性和排他性都太強(qiáng),實(shí)際上淪為權(quán)貴資本主義。弗雷德曼稱,如今,即便是卡塔爾和羅馬尼亞那種“你預(yù)想不到的國(guó)家,表現(xiàn)都比我們(美國(guó))強(qiáng)?!?/p>

????赫爾茨接著補(bǔ)充:“(美國(guó))很快就會(huì)變成二流國(guó)家。”

????確切來說,美國(guó)是否衰落這些年一直是熱議的問題。美國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)智庫(kù)國(guó)家情報(bào)委員會(huì)十年前發(fā)布的全球趨勢(shì)報(bào)告認(rèn)為,美國(guó)的國(guó)力呈下行趨勢(shì)。其他持有同樣觀點(diǎn)的機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為,美國(guó)軍事擴(kuò)張過度,技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備不夠,金融系統(tǒng)存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而且,面對(duì)有影響力的新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,美國(guó)干勁不足。

????另一些機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為,美國(guó)衰落是夸大其辭。他們指出,美國(guó)股市在上漲,制造業(yè)實(shí)力雄厚,人口不斷增加,國(guó)內(nèi)能源領(lǐng)域欣欣向榮。

????上述報(bào)告的作者收集了許多此前公開的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)排名,排位形勢(shì)發(fā)人深省。

????1、家庭中位收入

????美國(guó)排名:27個(gè)高收入國(guó)家中倒數(shù)第一

????美國(guó)人可能感覺自己是世界領(lǐng)袖,但美國(guó)的家庭中位收入只有5.4萬(wàn)美元左右,西班牙、塞浦路斯和卡塔爾都比美國(guó)高。許多歐洲國(guó)家和工業(yè)化國(guó)家都排在美國(guó)前面。美國(guó)的人均中位收入為1.87萬(wàn)美元,也處于較低的水平,并且2000年以來幾乎沒有變動(dòng)?,F(xiàn)在,即使比較中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的收入,加拿大也已經(jīng)超過美國(guó)。

????2、教育與技能

????美國(guó)排名:23個(gè)國(guó)家中第16位

????經(jīng)合組織對(duì)歐洲成員國(guó)和其他發(fā)達(dá)成員國(guó)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)技能調(diào)查顯示,美國(guó)的排名接近榜尾。據(jù)調(diào)查報(bào)告“2013年經(jīng)合組織技能展望”,23個(gè)該組織成員國(guó)之中,美國(guó)的成人閱讀能力排在第16位,成人運(yùn)算能力倒數(shù)第三,利用技術(shù)解決問題的能力位居第14名。美國(guó)的一些知名大學(xué)全球備受推崇,可高等教育在美國(guó)再也不是擺脫貧困的有效方式,至少對(duì)低收入的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生是如此。例如,報(bào)告作者援引的研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示,80%的美國(guó)白人大學(xué)生都就讀于財(cái)經(jīng)雜志《巴倫周刊》評(píng)選的500強(qiáng)學(xué)府,而75%的黑人和拉丁裔學(xué)生在兩年制的??茖W(xué)?;蛘呙庠嚾雽W(xué)的非《巴倫周刊》500強(qiáng)大學(xué)。窮學(xué)生拿到大學(xué)學(xué)位的可能性也低得多。

????3、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入和網(wǎng)速

????美國(guó)排名:34個(gè)國(guó)家中第16位

????寬帶接入對(duì)國(guó)家工業(yè)的發(fā)展與繁榮至關(guān)重要。而在富有國(guó)家之中,美國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率較低,網(wǎng)速也慢,上網(wǎng)成本卻是最高的。比如在日本,平均1兆字節(jié)/秒的上網(wǎng)費(fèi)為0.04美元,而美國(guó)是0.53美元。報(bào)告的作者認(rèn)為,此問題可能源于美國(guó)寬帶市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)太小,市場(chǎng)份額集中在少數(shù)企業(yè)手中。

????4、健康

????美國(guó)排名:145個(gè)國(guó)家之中第33位

????在至少100萬(wàn)人口的國(guó)家之中,美國(guó)國(guó)民的健康水平落后于許多富有國(guó)家。報(bào)告作者援引英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》的一項(xiàng)研究稱,妊娠和分娩時(shí)死亡的美國(guó)女性相對(duì)較多。在美國(guó),每出生10萬(wàn)名嬰兒,就有18.5位母親死去。沙特和加拿大的孕婦死亡率只有美國(guó)的一半。

????America is declining, in large and important measures, yet policymakers aren’t paying attention. So argues a new academic paper, pulling together previously published data.

????Consider this:

????? America’s child poverty levels are worse than in any developed country anywhere, including Greece, devastated by a euro crisis, and eastern European nations such as Poland, Lithuania and Estonia.

????? Median adult wealth in the US ($39,000) is 27th globally, putting it behind Cyprus and Ireland.

????? Even when “l(fā)ife satisfaction” is measured, America ranks #12, behind Israel, Sweden and Australia.

????Overall, America’s per capita wealth, health and education measures are mediocre for a highly industrialized nation. Well-being metrics, perceptions of corruption, quality and cost of basic services, are sliding, too. Healthcare and education spending are funding bloated administrations even while human outcomes sink, the authors say.

????“We looked at very broad measures, and at individual measures, too,” said co-author Hershey H. Friedman, a business professor at Brooklyn College – City University of New York. The most dangerous sign they saw: rising income and wealth inequality, which slow growth and can spark instability, the authors say.

????“Capitalism has been amazingly successful,” write Friedman and co-author Sarah Hertz of Empire State College. But it has grown so unfettered, predatory, so exclusionary, it’s become, in effect, crony capitalism. Now places like Qatar and Romania, “countries you wouldn’t expect to be, are doing better than us,” said Friedman.

????“You can become a second-rate power very quickly,” added Hertz.

????To be sure, the debate over whether America is on the decline has raged for years. The US National Intelligence Council said in its global trends report a decade ago American power was on a downward trajectory. Others making the case say the US is overstretched militarily, ill-prepared technologically, at-risk financially, or lacking dynamism in the face of influential, new competitors.

????Arguing decline has been exaggerated, others point to a rising US stock market, manufacturing strength, a growing population, and a domestic energy boom.

????The authors collect many previously published rankings, and the picture that emerges, however, is sobering:

????1. Median household income

????Rank of U.S.: 27th out of 27 high-income countries

????Americans may feel like global leaders, but Spain, Cyprus and Qatar all have higher median household incomes than America’s (about $54,000). So does much of Europe and the industrialized world. Per capita median income in the US ($18,700) is also relatively low–and unchanged since 2000. A middle-class Canadian’s income is now higher.

????2. Education and skills

????Rank of U.S.: 16th out of 23 countries

????The US ranked near the bottom in a skills survey by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, which examined European and other developed nations. In its Skills Outlook 2013, the US placed 16th in adult literacy, 21st in adult numeracy out of 23, and 14th in problem-solving. Spots in prestigious US universities are highly sought-after. Yet higher education, once an effective way out of poverty in the US, isn’t anymore – at least not for lower-income and minority students. The authors quote studies showing, for example, that today 80% of white college students attend Barron’s Top 500 schools, while 75% of black and Latino students go to two-year junior colleges or open-admissions (not Top 500) schools. Poor students are also far less likely to complete a degree.

????3. Internet speed and access

????Rank of U.S.: 16th out of 34 countries

????Broadband access has become essential for industry to grow and flourish. Yet in the US, penetration is low and speed relatively slow versus wealthy nations—thought the cost of internet is among the highest ($0.04 per megabit per second in Japan, for example, versus $0.53 in the US). The problem may be too much concentration and too little competition in the industry, the authors suggest.

????4. Health

????Rank of U.S.: 33rd out of 145 countries

????When it comes to its citizens’ health, in countries that are home to at least one million people, the US ranks below many other wealthy countries. More American women also are dying during pregnancy and childbirth, the authors note, quoting a Lancet study. For every 100,000 births in the United States, 18.5 women die. Saudi Arabia and Canada have half that maternal death rate.

掃描二維碼下載財(cái)富APP
激情小说强奸乱伦亚洲色图| 国产综合永久精品日韩| 日韩av无码一区二区三区| 看免费5XXAAA毛片裸体| 99国产欧美另娄久久久精品| 精品国产AⅤ一区二区三区4区| 99热精品毛片全部国产无缓冲| 人妻无码aⅴ不卡中文字幕| 少妇人妻系列1~100| 亚洲一区日韩高清| 国产成人精视频在线观看免费| 欧美日韩在大午夜爽爽影院| 无码免费v片在线观看| 先锋影音在线一区二区在线资源| 蜜色欲多人AV久久无码| 免费看国语一级纯黄片| 少妇无码aV无码专区在线| 国产美女黄网站免费视频| 亚洲1区2区3区精华液| 人妻AV无码系列一| 国产精品初高中害羞小美女| 国产精品一区二区AV白丝在线| 国产毛片久久久久久国产毛片| 亚欧免费无码Aⅴ在线观看网站| 野花香日本大全免费观看| 亚洲一区二区三区乱码在线中国| 国产精品无码久久综合| 国产精品无码不卡一区二区三区| 国产免费Aⅴ片在线观看播放| 精品久久久噜噜噜久久久| 色狠狠色狠狠综合天天| 亚洲成a人片在线观看播放| 女人一区二区三区电影| AV在线亚洲男人的天堂| 久久午夜无码鲁丝片午夜精品| 国产不卡视频一区二区在线观看| 精品日本一区二区三区在线观看| 日韩精品中文字幕一区二区三区| 无码人妻熟妇AV又粗又大| 天天夜夜草草久久亚洲香蕉| 亚洲精品第一国产综合高清|