許多行業(yè)一直由男性主宰，但幾百年來一些強大的女性并未屈服現(xiàn)狀，下面是史上最富有的八位女性和她們的突出成就，可以多學習她們的精神。

奧普拉·溫弗瑞（Oprah Winfrey）

美國名人財富統(tǒng)計網(wǎng)站CelebrityNetWorth稱，傳媒巨頭溫弗瑞個人身家估計達32億美元。她出身寒微，從小在一個農(nóng)場長大，連下水管道都沒有，而且童年飽受虐待。

溫弗瑞下定決心改變人生，第一步是當上田納西州首府納什維爾市WTVF-TV頻道最年輕的新聞主播，也是當?shù)氐谝晃环且崤鞑ァＤ悄晁?9歲。最終，她擁有了自己的脫口秀節(jié)目“奧普拉脫口秀”，熱播長達25年。

2011年，“奧普拉脫口秀”停播后，溫弗瑞成立了“奧普拉·溫弗瑞電視網(wǎng)”。現(xiàn)年63歲的溫弗瑞近年主要制作劇情片，拍攝了《塞爾瑪》（Selma）、《白宮管家》（Lee Daniels' The Butler）等。

“埃及艷后”克萊奧帕特拉（Cleopatry）

人稱“尼羅河女王”的克萊奧帕特拉于公元前30年8月12日香消玉殞，她的傳奇人生卻流傳至今。克萊奧帕特拉是托勒密王朝的末代女王，雖然統(tǒng)治埃及卻幾乎沒有埃及血統(tǒng)。

據(jù)傳記《埃及艷后》（Cleopatra: A Life），克萊奧帕特拉是史上最富有的女性之一，個人資產(chǎn)凈值約有958億美元。她會說多達12種語言，是人們心中最聰明、最有魅力的人物。

克萊奧帕特拉自視為活在凡塵的女神，也常利用美貌智慧達到個人目的。傳說她曾命人以地毯或亞麻袋裹著自己，偷偷送入羅馬皇帝尤里烏斯·凱撒的營帳。

克萊奧帕特拉勇猛無畏，曾率領幾十艘埃及戰(zhàn)艦投入戰(zhàn)斗，在凱撒死后嫁給了他麾下的名將馬克·安東尼。夫婦二人還成立了一個飲酒會 ，名叫“無雙居士”（Inimitable Livers）。

安妮·考克斯·錢伯斯

考克斯·錢伯斯可不只是女繼承人那么簡單。她97歲高齡還在坐鎮(zhèn)家族企業(yè)考克斯報業(yè)公司的董事會。安妮·錢伯斯的家業(yè)由父親詹姆斯.M.考克斯于1898年親手締造，最初經(jīng)營報業(yè)，現(xiàn)在領域拓展至通訊、傳媒和汽車服務企業(yè)等。

錢伯斯曾任美國駐比利時大使，還擁有法國榮譽軍團勛位。據(jù)《福布斯》估算，這位傳媒女巨頭擁有170億美元身家。

錢伯斯2016年被《福布斯》評為亞特蘭大首富，而且熱心慈善。早在上世紀80年代，錢伯斯就將從父親名下信托獲得的部分收入捐給慈善組織。該信托2015年解散時，旗下資金全部分給32家慈善機構。

阿比蓋爾·約翰遜（Abigail Johnson）

1946年，阿比蓋爾·約翰遜的祖父成立了富達管理研究公司。如今她作為家族第三代執(zhí)掌公司帥印，擔任董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官。截至2016年6月30日，公司管理的客戶資產(chǎn)規(guī)模高達5.4萬億美元。

和許多承襲父業(yè)的高管不同，約翰遜靠著個人努力一步步向上。高中和大學時，她就兼任富達的客戶服務代表。1988年她成為公司的全職員工，在躋身高管層以前做過共同基金經(jīng)理。

約翰遜畢業(yè)于哈佛大學。《福布斯》估算，她的個人資產(chǎn)凈值為147億美元。她被評為2016年馬薩諸塞州首富。

梅琳達·蓋茨

1994年與微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨成婚以來，慈善家梅琳達·蓋茨一直在努力推動世界進步。2016年，她被《福布斯》評為全世界影響力第四的女性，和丈夫共享凈值856億美元的財富，夫婦二人是全球名列前茅的巨富。

2000年，杜克大學畢業(yè)的梅琳達與丈夫共同成立了比爾及梅琳達·蓋茨基金會，目前擔任基金會的聯(lián)席主席。該基金會致力于幫助世界各地的民眾過上健康富足的生活，截至2015年12月31日，其募得資金達396億美元。

為了推動其他億萬富豪回饋社會，蓋茨夫婦和“股神”沃倫·巴菲特共同發(fā)起了勸募善款活動“捐贈誓言”，鼓勵全球巨富階層人士將一半以上的個人財富捐給慈善機構，或者訂立捐贈財富的遺囑。

莉莉安·貝滕科特（Liliane Bettencourt）

莉莉安·貝滕科特身家391億美元，是當之無愧的全球女首富。她的父親歐仁·舒萊爾1907年創(chuàng)立了全世界最大的化妝品公司歐萊雅集團。

《福布斯》稱，截至2016年5月，歐萊雅的市值達到1029億美元。貝滕科特和子女共持有歐萊雅33%的股權。不過2012年她罹患老年癡呆癥讓出了歐萊雅董事會席位，由孫子接替。

貝滕科特平生大多遠離公眾視野，直到2015年八名對她行騙的男子被判詐騙罪才引發(fā)關注。其中一名罪犯、攝影師弗朗索瓦·馬里·巴尼耶供認，十年間他曾向疾病纏身的貝滕科特騙取巨額禮物，價值超過10億美元。

薩拉·布萊克利

1998年，薩拉·布萊克利想穿白色的長褲去派對，卻找不到合適的內衣搭配，于是她自己動手做了一身。受這段經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)，2000年她成立塑身內衣公司Spanx，書寫了人生新篇章。

當年布萊克靠上門推銷傳真機攢下的5000美元創(chuàng)業(yè)。如今，她成為時尚界巨頭，個人資產(chǎn)凈值達到10億美元，而且保持對公司百分百控股。她和丈夫杰西·伊特茲勒都是NBA亞特蘭大老鷹隊的股東。

盡管成就驚人，Spanx的創(chuàng)始人布萊克一直保持親民形象。她是第一位加入蓋茨夫婦和巴菲特所倡導“捐贈誓言”的女億萬富豪。她還在經(jīng)營支持女性企業(yè)家的項目Leg Up，名下薩拉·布萊克利基金會已向全球各地的慈善組織捐出數(shù)百萬美元。

周群飛

2016年，《福布斯》將周群飛評為全球白手起家的女首富，她的人生就是從赤貧到巨富的奮斗史。周群飛是移動設備屏幕生產(chǎn)商藍思科技的創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官，目前個人資產(chǎn)凈值約為74億美元。

16歲那年，周群飛輟學進一家生產(chǎn)手表屏幕的工廠打工，后來成立生產(chǎn)手機和平板電腦的玻璃屏的藍思科技，客戶包括蘋果和三星等大牌。據(jù)報道，截至2015年全球21%的手機屏幕都由藍思科技制造。

2015年，藍思科技在深交所上市。周群飛是公司大股東，持有81%的股權。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

作者：Laura Woods

譯者：Pessy

審校：夏林

Many aspects of life are often viewed as a man's domain, but powerful women have refused to accept the status quo for centuries. Get inspired by learning about eight of the richest women in history and their outstanding achievements.

OPRAH WINFREY

She's now a media mogul with an estimated fortune of $3.2 billion, according to CelebrityNetWorth, but Oprah Winfrey came from humble beginnings. Raised on a farm without indoor plumbing, Winfrey suffered serial abuse as a child.

Determined to change her life, she became the youngest person and first African-American woman news anchor at WTVF-TV in Nashville, Tenn., when she was just 19 years old. Eventually, she landed her own talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show," which ran for 25 years.

In 2011 — the same year her talk show ended — she launched the Oprah Winfrey Network. The 63-year-old has also worked on several feature films in recent years, including "Selma" and "Lee Daniels' The Butler."

CLEOPATRA

Known as the "Queen of the Nile," Cleopatra died Aug.12, 30 B.C., but her legend lives on. Despite being the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt, she had faint — if any — Egyptian roots.

Also one of the richest women in history, her net worth was an estimated $95.8 billion, according to the book "Cleopatra: A Life." Largely considered one of the smartest, most fascinating people of all time, Cleopatra spoke as many as a dozen different languages.

She considered herself a living goddess and used this to her advantage. Legend has it she once smuggled herself into Julius Caesar's personal quarters in a carpet or linen sack.

Brave and bold, she led several dozen Egyptian warships into battle while married to Mark Antony. The couple created their own drinking society called the Inimitable Livers.

ANNE COX CHAMBERS（Anne Cox Chambers）

More than just an heiress, Anne Cox Chambers continues to sit on the board of her family business — Cox Enterprises — at the age of 97. Established as a newspaper business by her father, James M. Cox, in 1898, the privately held company has interests in communications, media and automotive services.

Once the U.S. ambassador to Belgium, Chambers also holds the French Legion of Honor title. Forbes estimates the media baroness' net worth at $17 billion.

Deemed the richest person in Atlanta by Forbes in 2016, Chambers is a billionaire with a charitable heart. She started donating portions of her income from a trust established by her father to charity in the 1980s, and by the time it was dissolved in 2015, all proceeds from the trust were being distributed to 32 groups.

ABIGAIL JOHNSON

In 1946, Abigail Johnson's grandfather founded Fidelity Management & Research Company. Today, she's the third-generation family member to helm the firm. As chairman and CEO of the company, Johnson presides over $5.4 trillion in customer assets as of June 30, 2016.

Unlike many legacy executives, Johnson has worked her way to the top. In high school and college, she served as a Fidelity customer service representative. She joined the company full-time in 1988, working as mutual fund manager, before entering the executive suite.

A Harvard grad, Johnson's net worth is an estimated $14.7 billion, according to Forbes. As of 2016, she was the richest person in Massachusetts.

MELINDA GATES（Melinda Gates）

Married to Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates since 1994, Melinda Gates is a philanthropist intent on changing the world for the better. Named the fourth most powerful woman in the world by Forbes in 2016, Gates shares her husband's $85.6 billion net worth, making them the richest people in the world.

A graduate of Duke University, she co-founded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000 and currently serves as co-chair. Created to help people around the globe enjoy healthy, productive lives, the foundation trust endowment totaled $39.6 billion as of Dec. 31, 2015.

Also intent on inspiring other billionaires to give back, she established the Giving Pledge along with her husband and fellow entrepreneur Warren Buffett. The pledge encourages the wealthiest people in the world to give more than half of their fortune to charity during their lifetime or to set the funds aside in their will.

LILIANE BETTENCOURT

With a fortune of $39.1 billion, Liliane Bettencourt is the richest woman in the world. Her father, Eugene Schueller, founded L'Oreal in 1907.

A company valued at $102.9 billion as of May 2016, according to Forbes, Bettencourt and her children own 33 percent of L'Oréal. Sadly, Bettencourt suffers from dementia and in 2012, her grandson took over her seat on the L'Oreal board.

Bettencourt shied away from the public eye for most of her life but was thrust into the spotlight in 2015 when eight men were found guilty of scamming her. One of the convicted, photographer Francois-Marie Banier, swindled more than $1 billion in gifts from the ailing Bettencourt over a 10-year period.

SARA BLAKELY（Sara Blakely）

In 1998, Sara Blakely didn't have the right undergarments to wear under white pants to a party, so she made her own. This inspired her to found Spanx in 2000 and the rest is history.

Now a fashion mogul with a net worth of $1 billion, Blakely retains 100 percent ownership of the company she created with $5,000 saved from working as a door-to-door fax salesperson. Along with her husband, Jesse Itzler, she is also part owner of the Atlanta Hawks.

Despite her astronomical success, Blakely remains grounded. She was the first female billionaire to join the Gates-Buffett Giving pledge. The Spanx founder also runs a Leg Up program that supports female entrepreneurs, and her Sara Blakely Foundation has donated millions to charitable organizations globally.

ZHOU QUNFEI

Named the richest self-made woman in the world by Forbes in 2016, Zhou Qunfei is a true rags-to-riches story. The founder and CEO of Lens Technology, her net worth is currently estimated at $7.4 billion.

Remarkably, Qunfei dropped out of school at age 16 to work in a factory making watch lenses. She went on to found Lens Technology, a company that makes glass screens for mobile phones and tablets for clients including Apple and Samsung. The company reportedly supplied 21 percent of the world's mobile phones as of 2015.

In 2015, the Chinese-based company listed an IPO on the ShenzhenStock Exchange. Still the majority shareholder, Qunfei retains an 81 percent ownership stake in the company.