1.《大空頭》

電影《大空頭》于2015年12月23日在全美上映，成為好萊塢影片將2008年金融危機直接歸咎于華爾街的最新力作。

本片改變自邁克爾·劉易斯2010年出版的同名小說，由維亞康姆公司旗下的派拉蒙影業(yè)制作，講的是幾位流氓投資人預見到了樓市和信貸泡沫，并在美國經(jīng)濟崩潰前通過做空這些泡沫賺了錢。

到目前為止，影評人一直在稱贊這部電影，理由是它多變而浮華的風格激活了這個笨拙的主題?！洞罂疹^》甚至成了奧斯卡熱門，這要得益于它聰明地處理了一個困難題材而且擁有星光閃耀的卡司，比如布拉德·皮特、克里斯蒂安·貝爾、瑞恩·高斯林和史蒂夫·卡瑞爾（只是《財富》雜志專欄作家克里斯·馬修斯指出，該片以及原著小說的可改進之處在于將焦點放大到美國金融系統(tǒng)以外）。

本片由亞當·麥凱（《王牌播音員》、《非親兄弟》）執(zhí)導，對于誰應該為美國經(jīng)濟崩潰負責的問題，創(chuàng)作團隊同樣非常直白。娛樂新聞網(wǎng)站Vulture把《大空頭》稱為“關(guān)于華爾街的終極憤怒影片”，而且和原著小說一樣，影片顯然把金融危機怪罪于貪婪的投行人士。當然，它并不是第一部這樣做的電影，只是有些影片采用了更平衡的處理方式，另一些則從獨特的角度展示了這場危機。以下六部影片（故事片和紀錄片）就對2008年金融危機進行了不同的處理。

2.《大而不倒》

在描繪金融危機背后投行人士和監(jiān)管者群像的好萊塢電影中，2011年的《大而不倒》可能是最平衡的一部。時代華納子公司HBO拍攝的這部影片改編自安德魯·羅斯·索爾金的小說，它展現(xiàn)了2008年金融危機中的情景，并講述了華爾街大佬和監(jiān)管者秘密會面，商討聯(lián)邦政府援救金融行業(yè)的故事。HBO邀請了一批明星來扮演投行和投資界大腕，比如沃倫·巴菲特、摩根大通CEO吉米·戴蒙以及時任財政部長的亨利·保爾森和美聯(lián)儲主席本·伯南克。影片相當出色，《財富》雜志高級自由編輯帕蒂·塞勒斯在影片首映時指出，演員保羅·吉亞瑪提“漂亮地扮演了伯南克”，而馬修·莫迪恩飾演的美林前CEO約翰·塞恩“恰如其分地展現(xiàn)了人物的頑固和自私”。

3.《監(jiān)守自盜》

這部2010年上映的紀錄片被譽為首批觸及2008年金融危機這個沉重主題并將其提煉得易于消化的紀錄影片之一。本片由馬特·達蒙擔任旁白，它向觀眾展示的內(nèi)容包括華爾街極度集權(quán)局面的發(fā)展，投行可疑操作的演化及其在房地產(chǎn)泡沫形成過程中的作用，所有這些最終導致聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機構(gòu)斥資7000億美元來援助那些最大的銀行，以便它們生存下去。毫無疑問，《監(jiān)守自盜》是對美國金融行業(yè)的無情控訴。它贏得了影評人的支持，也讓導演查爾斯·弗格森拿下了當年的奧斯卡最佳紀錄長片獎。在獲獎感言中（以及隨后接受《財富》雜志采訪時），弗格森還惋惜地說，金融危機過后一個進監(jiān)獄的金融公司高管也沒有。

4.《資本主義：一個愛情故事》

先于《監(jiān)守自盜》斬獲奧斯卡獎的紀錄片是《資本主義：一個愛情故事》，由自由主義倡導者邁克爾·摩爾執(zhí)導。本片2009年上映，并沒有像摩爾的其他影片那樣廣受影評人稱贊，甚至有影評人抱怨說，為了更好地服務于娛樂性，這部影片有時過于簡化了美國金融體系以及市場崩潰的某些方面。不過，本片的娛樂性必然有其合理之處，原因是其全球票房收入超過1700萬美元，這對任何政治性記錄片來說都是一個很高的水平，也是一年多以后《監(jiān)守自盜》票房的兩倍以上。

5.《華爾街：金錢永不眠》

2010年，導演奧利弗·斯通推出了他1987年拍攝的《華爾街》的續(xù)集。前作讓邁克爾·道格拉斯扮演的戈登·蓋柯成為20世紀80年代過剩環(huán)境下“煩人精”的標準形象，他那句聲名狼藉（而且經(jīng)常被錯誤引用）的臺詞“貪婪……是好的”在這里也起了作用。在20世紀福斯的《華爾街：金錢永不眠》中，回歸了的戈登·蓋柯多了一些同情心，他想在經(jīng)濟崩潰前向前同事們發(fā)出警告，然后又在影片中花了很長一段時間來設法跟關(guān)系疏遠的女兒重聚。本片用金融危機，特別是虛構(gòu)的頂尖投行的倒閉來推動情節(jié)。人們對這部續(xù)集評價不一。但Box Office Mojo的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，它在全球斬獲了1.43億美元票房，而前作剔除通脹因素后的票房約為9000萬美元。

6.《商海通牒》

又一部描述金融危機的劇情片，2011年的《商海通牒》是罕見的“金融驚悚片”，它跨越了瘋狂的36個小時，講的是一些華爾街投行人士在樓市崩盤前竭力保護無名雇主的故事。本片導演J·C·查多爾曾獲奧斯卡提名，他對投行肆無忌憚地高估抵押貸款支持證券的主題進行了深入挖掘，在影片中這些資產(chǎn)顯然有了問題，虛構(gòu)的投行人士則想方設法要將其迅速脫手?！渡毯Ｍ骸肥艿搅擞霸u人的歡迎，爛番茄新鮮度為88%，只是這部低成本影片只為母公司獅門影業(yè)創(chuàng)造了大約1950萬美元全球票房（美國國內(nèi)票房堪堪突破500萬美元。）

7.《凡爾賽宮的女王》

表面上，這是一場有著故事片長度的真人秀，講的是一個富裕的佛羅里達家庭一次災難式的（而且俗氣的）嘗試——他們想按凡爾賽宮的模樣造一座9萬平方英尺的宮殿。但這部斥責房地產(chǎn)過剩問題的影片也是一幅獨特畫卷，描述了這個曾經(jīng)富裕的家庭在經(jīng)濟崩潰時奮力掙扎的過程。房地產(chǎn)泡沫破裂后，西格爾夫婦的分時度假公司W(wǎng)estgate Resorts近年來一直不景氣。市場暴跌迫使這家人想方設法為自己的奢侈生活找錢。這部紀錄片從西格爾的巨大住宅停工后開始，追蹤了這家人被迫裁員和壓縮多余開支的過程，目的則是避免喪失這棟巨大而丑陋的爛尾樓的贖回權(quán)。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

審稿：夏林

1.The Big Short

The movie The Big Short opened in theaters nationwide Dec. 23, and it is the latest example of a Hollywood production laying the blame for the 2008 financial crisis squarely at the feet of Wall Street.

Adapted from the 2010 Michael Lewis book of the same name, the film from Viacom's (via, -1.45%) Paramount Pictures follows a group of rogue investors who predicted the housing and credit bubble and made money betting against the bubble ahead of the nation's economic collapse.

So far, the movie has been praised by critics for its ability to infuse its unwieldy subject matter with levity and flash. The Big Short is even picking up Oscar buzz, thanks to its clever handling of a tough subject and a star-studded cast that includes Brad Pitt, Christian Bale, Ryan Gosling, and Steve Carell. (Though Fortune's Chris Matthews argued the film, and the book it is based on, could improve by expanding their focus beyond just the U.S. financial system.)

The film, from director Adam McKay (Anchorman, Step Brothers), also does not pull punches when it comes to whom its creators feel should be held responsible for the economic collapse. Vulture called The Big Short "The Ultimate Feel-Furious Movie About Wall Street" and, like the book it's based on, the movie clearly pins the blame for the financial crisis on greedy bankers. And, it's certainly not the first film to do just that, though some took a more balanced approach while others covered the collapse from unique angles. Here are six more films (features and documentaries) that have tackled the 2008 financial crisis to varying results:

2. Too Big to Fail

Perhaps the most balanced Hollywood portrayal of the bankers and regulators behind the scenes of the financial crisis is 2011's Too Big to Fail. Time Warner’s (twx, +0.19%) HBO produced this adaptation of the Andrew Ross Sorkin book, which covers the events of the 2008 financial crisis and follows the Wall Street titans who met behind closed doors with regulators to negotiate the federal bailout of the financial industry. HBO enlisted a parade of stars to inhabit the roles of banking and investment bigwigs such as Warren Buffett and JPMorgan (jpm, +1.43%) CEO Jamie Dimon as well as then-Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Fed chair Ben Bernanke. And, the results were pretty decent, with Fortune’s Pattie Sellers noting at the time of the movie’s debut that actor Paul Giamatti “plays Bernanke beautifully” while Matthew Modine imbued his portrayal of former Merrill Lynch CEO John Thain “with just the right dose of stiffness and selfishness.”

3. Inside Job

This 2010 documentary has been lauded as one of the first in its form to tackle the cumbersome subject of the 2008 financial collapse and distill it into something easily digested. The result is a Matt Damon-narrated doc that walks viewers through topics such as the development of extreme consolidated power on Wall Street and the evolution of questionable banking practices that helped create the housing bubble, all leading up to federal regulators’ $700 billion bailout that helped keep most big banks afloat. Make no mistake, Inside Job is a scathing indictment of the U.S. financial industry that won over critics, earning director Charles Ferguson an Academy Award for the year’s best documentary. In his acceptance speech (and, later, in an interview with Fortune) Ferguson lamented that no financial executives had gone to jail in the wake of the financial crisis.

4. Capitalism: A Love Story

Before Inside Job, though, there was this entry from Academy Award-winning documentarian, and liberal firebrand, Michael Moore. Released in 2009, Capitalism: A Love Story did not receive quite as much critical acclaim as other Moore films, with some critics complaining that the movie at times over-simplified aspects of the U.S. financial system and the market collapse to better serve the purpose of entertainment. Regardless, the movie must have been reasonably entertaining as it collected more than $17 million in global box office receipts—a solid haul for any political documentary and more than double what Inside Job would earn a year later.

5. Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps

In 2010, director Oliver Stone delivered a follow-up to Wall Street, his 1987 film that spawned Gordon Gekko, the Michael Douglas character who became the standard for slimy caricatures of 1980s excess, helped by his infamous (and often misquoted) line “Greed … is good.” 2oth Century Fox's (fox, -49.53%) Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps brings back Gekko as a somewhat more sympathetic character who attempts to warn his former peers about the economic collapse before it hits and then spends much of the movie trying to reunite with his estranged daughter. The movie uses the financial crisis as a plot device, particularly the collapse of a fictional white-shoe investment bank. The follow-up earned mixed reviews but went on to earn $134 million globally, compared to an inflation-adjusted haul of roughly $90 million for the original, according to Box Office Mojo.

6. Margin Call

Another fictional take on the financial crisis, 2011’s Margin Call is the rare “financial thriller” that takes place over a frenzied 36-hour window in which a group of Wall Street investment bankers scramble to protect their nameless employer on the eve of the housing market’s collapse. The film from Oscar-nominated director J.C. Chandor delves deeply into the subject of banks’ reckless overvaluation of mortgage-back securities, with the film’s fictional bankers looking to quickly dump those assets once it became clear that they were toxic. Margin Call was well-received by critics, receiving an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, though the low-budget film made only about $19.5 million at the worldwide box office (including just over $5 million domestically) for parent company Lionsgate (lgf).

7. The Queen of Versailles

This is ostensibly a feature-length reality show about a wealthy Florida family’s disastrous (and tacky) attempt to build a 90,000-square-foot palace modeled after the onetime home of France’s monarchy. But, this rebuke of real estate excess is also a unique portrait of a once wealthy family struggling to navigate the economic collapse. The Siegels’ timeshare company, Westgate Resorts, had soared on the back of the housing bubble for years and the market’s collapse left the family scrambling to fund their lavish lifestyle. The documentary follows them as construction on the giant home is halted and the family is forced to lay off staff and slash their excessive spending in order to avoid foreclosure on the unfinished monstrosity.