亞洲誕生了一位資產(chǎn)超過馬云的新首富。至少現(xiàn)在，61歲的穆克什·安巴尼比阿里巴巴集團的創(chuàng)始人更加富有。他執(zhí)掌的信實工業(yè)集團（Reliance Industries Ltd.）是一家涉足石油、電信等多個行業(yè)的巨頭。這位印度企業(yè)家讓繼承自父親的紡織工廠發(fā)展到了難以想象的高度，他在孟買給自己建了一座27層的居所，而成為亞洲新首富則是他達到的最新里程碑。

1. 安巴尼的資產(chǎn)有多少？

彭博億萬富翁指數(shù)（Bloomberg Billionaires Index）顯示，安巴尼的資產(chǎn)已經(jīng)增至443億美元。他的財富主要來源于印度第二大公司、市值超過1,000億美元的信實工業(yè)集團。安巴尼是該集團的董事長和總經(jīng)理，他和家人擁有集團超過43%的股份。作為董事，安巴尼還可以得到分紅、薪水和董事費。他還擁有信實工業(yè)基礎設施有限公司（Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Ltd. ）的股票，以及一些價值不菲的私人投資項目，包括一條天然氣輸氣管道。

2. 穆克什·安巴尼是如何發(fā)家的？

他繼承了父親的產(chǎn)業(yè)。他父親迪魯拜·安巴尼之前是個小職員，后來自己創(chuàng)業(yè)開始做香料和紗線貿(mào)易。隨后，他建立了信實工業(yè)，生產(chǎn)纖維面料和紡織品。1947年，印度從英國手中獨立出來，十年后穆克什出生。穆克什接受了化學工程師的培訓，20歲時和弟弟阿尼爾一起進入公司董事會。他負責了許多項目，在20世紀90年代讓公司進軍煉油和石油化工產(chǎn)品領域，以及21世紀初讓公司進軍通訊和零售行業(yè)上起到了重要作用，聲譽也日漸高漲。他力助信實集團在帕塔爾甘加（Patalganga）落地了第一個大型制造業(yè)項目，隨后又在印度西海岸的占姆納格（Jamnagar）建立了全球最大的煉油設施。

3. 為什么安巴尼兄弟后來反目？

迪魯拜·安巴尼于2002年逝世時沒有留下遺囑。穆克什·安巴尼和現(xiàn)年59歲的阿尼爾產(chǎn)生了爭端。兄弟倆爭執(zhí)了十余年，直到2005年通過母親的調(diào)停，最終拆分了家族的產(chǎn)業(yè)。穆克什繼續(xù)掌管煉油、石油化工、石油、天然氣和紡織業(yè)務，而阿尼爾則負責建筑、通訊、資產(chǎn)管理、娛樂和發(fā)電業(yè)務。兄弟倆很快就走向了不同的金融之路。

Move over Jack Ma, Asia has a new richest man. Mukesh Ambani, the 61-year-old force behind Reliance Industries Ltd., the oil-to-telecom behemoth, has eclipsed the Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. founder — at least for now. It’s the latest landmark for the Indian businessman who constructed himself a 27-story home in Mumbai having lifted his father’s textile business to unimaginable heights.

1. How much is Ambani worth?

Ambani’s fortune has grown to $44.3 billion, according to Bloomberg Billionaires Index. His wealth derives mainly from Reliance Industries, India’s second-biggest company with a market capitalization of more than $100 billion. Ambani is chairman and managing director and, together with his family, controls more than 43 percent. He also receives dividends, a salary and fees as a director, as well as owning a stake in Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Ltd. and holding some valuable private investments, including a gas pipeline.

2. How did Mukesh Ambani get his break?

From his father. Dhirubhai Ambani began his career as a clerk before venturing out on his own to trade spices and yarn. He then set up Reliance Industries to manufacture fabrics and textiles. Mukesh was born 10 years after India’s independence from the British in 1947 and trained as a chemical engineer before joining the Reliance board as a 20-year-old, along with his younger brother Anil. Mukesh Ambani earned a reputation for executing large-scale projects and played a crucial role in taking the company into refining and petrochemicals in the 1990s and then telecom and retail in the 2000s. He was instrumental in establishing Reliance’s first major manufacturing project at Patalganga followed by the world’s largest refining complex at Jamnagar on India’s west coast.

3. Why did the brothers fall out?

When Dhirubhai Ambani died in 2002, he didn’t leave a will. Mukesh and Anil, now 59, fell into a dispute that lasted for more than a decade. In a settlement brokered by their mother in 2005, the brothers split the family business. Mukesh retained control over refining, petrochemicals, oil and gas and textiles operations. Anil took the construction, telecommunications, asset management, entertainment and power generation businesses. The siblings’ financial paths soon began to diverge.

4. 他的弟弟怎么樣了？

隨著阿尼爾的發(fā)電業(yè)務債臺高筑，通訊業(yè)務遭遇激烈競爭，他的財富也開始縮水。穆克什·安巴尼在今年答應收購信實通訊（Reliance Communications Ltd.）的大部分資產(chǎn)，幫助他弟弟脫離困境。

5. 穆克什是如何變成首富的？

他在信實集團的地位穩(wěn)步提升，深受父親信任。在斯坦福大學（Stanford University）攻讀MBA時，父親把他召回了印度。在與阿尼爾反目后，信實集團一直持續(xù)著強勢而穩(wěn)定的增長，直到2008年金融危機爆發(fā)。隨后集團進入了低迷期，尤其是他們決定收購一家通過競拍贏得全印度寬帶頻譜的小公司，希望借此重新進入通訊市場的策略遭到了投資者的質(zhì)疑。讓這項新業(yè)務開始運轉(zhuǎn)花費了比預期更長的時間，集團股價也隨之下挫。不過在安巴尼去年宣布通訊服務下調(diào)價格后，信實集團的股價又隨之上揚。集團的市值在7月12日突破了1,000億美元，這是近十年來的首次。

6. 是什么導致他的財富猛增？

投資者看好他的通訊業(yè)務Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd.。位于孟買的K.R. Choksey Shares and Securities Pvt的總經(jīng)理德文·查克西表示：“Jio是信實集團股價上漲的最大推動力量?！痹谔峁┟赓M呼叫和廉價流量之后，安巴尼于上周宣布了將信實的消費者業(yè)務與通訊和媒體業(yè)務整合的計劃。查克西表示：“安巴尼利用Jio建立了高速公路。他還給你提供了汽車，讓你開著他的車，走他的高速公路。只要給他通行費就行了。之前情況還沒有這么明顯。”

7. 穆克什·安巴尼的接班人計劃是什么？

目前尚不清楚。他有三個孩子。26歲的雙胞胎都在通訊公司擔任重要的高管。小弟弟阿奈特也參與了一些公司的會議和活動。

8. 穆克什·安巴尼喜歡什么？

印度菜、寶萊塢電影，當然，還有板球。他喜歡印度南部的烹飪方式，經(jīng)常光顧Mysore Café。這是一家位于孟買市中心的流行咖啡廳，歷史可以追溯到20世紀30年代。他有點像技術極客，喜歡最新的數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品，以及電信、數(shù)字技術和自動化產(chǎn)品。他每周看三部寶萊塢電影。穆克什最奢侈的行為是在孟買南部建了一座價值約4億美元的摩天大樓，供他和妻子尼特還有三個孩子居住。這位億萬富翁是職業(yè)板球隊孟買印度人隊（Mumbai Indians）的老板。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：嚴匡正?

4. What happened to Anil Ambani?

His fortunes dwindled as his power business racked up huge debts and the telecommunications business suffered through over-competition. Mukesh Ambani bailed his brother out this year by agreeing to buy most of the assets of Reliance Communications Ltd.

5. How has the journey been for Mukesh?

He enjoyed a steady rise at Reliance and was trusted by his father, who called him back to India from Stanford University while he was pursuing an MBA. After the split with Anil, Reliance experienced strong and steady growth until the 2008 financial crisis. A period of under-performance followed, especially as investors doubted a strategy to re-enter the telecoms market via the acquisition of a small company that had won an auction for pan-India broadband spectrum. The stock dulled as the new business took longer than expected to launch, but regained its aura after Ambani announced the pricing for telecom services last year. That lifted Reliance’s market value beyond $100 billion, for the first time in a decade, on July 12.

6. What’s helping bolster his wealth?

Optimism about his telecom business: Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd. “Jio is the biggest driver behind the surge in Reliance shares,” said Deven Choksey, managing director at Mumbai-based K.R. Choksey Shares and Securities Pvt. After offering free phone calls and cheap data, Ambani last week announced plans to integrate Reliance’s consumer businesses with telecom and media. “With Jio, Ambani has created a highway,” Choksey said. “He will also provide you cars and say you drive in my car, on my highway. Just give me toll now. It was not so clearly visible earlier.”

7. What’s Mukesh Ambani’s succession plan?

That’s unclear. He has three children. Twenty six year-old twins Isha and Akash have already been inducted into the business, with both holding key executive roles in the telecom business. Younger sibling Anant has also been taking part in some meetings and company events.

8. What does Mukesh Ambani like?

Indian food, Bollywood movies and, naturally, cricket. He loves south Indian cuisine and is a frequent visitor to Mysore Cafe, a popular cafe in central Mumbai that dates back to the 1930s. He’s something of a tech geek and likes to keep current with the latest gadgets as well developments in telecoms, digital technology and automation. He watches as many as three Bollywood movies a week. Arguably his biggest extravagance was his tower block in south Mumbai, where he lives with his wife Nita and the three children, and which is worth an estimated $400 million. The billionaire owns the Mumbai Indians professional cricket team.