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機(jī)器人對(duì)人類社會(huì)的威脅到底有多大?專家已有答案

BRETT HAENSEL
2020-10-11

他形容這類清潔機(jī)器人是“機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的誘導(dǎo)性毒品”。

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赫爾曼·戈麥斯每天都在監(jiān)視著他手下的七臺(tái)機(jī)器人在位于洛杉磯的Adventist Health懷特紀(jì)念醫(yī)院(Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital)內(nèi)巡邏。這七臺(tái)機(jī)器人來(lái)自機(jī)器人制造商Xenex,外觀與電影《星球大戰(zhàn)》(Star Wars)中的R2-D2機(jī)器人一模一樣。它們負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)病房進(jìn)行全天候紫外線消毒,能夠清理人類清潔工遺留下的各種微生物,可以為醫(yī)院提供第二重衛(wèi)生保障。

在本期《財(cái)富頭腦風(fēng)暴》(Fortune Brainstorm)播客中,戈麥斯與機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的其他多位專家接受了《財(cái)富》雜志編輯米哈爾·列弗拉姆和布萊恩·奧吉夫的采訪。他們?cè)诠?jié)目中談?wù)摿四壳叭祟惿鐣?huì)對(duì)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用情況。該播客詳細(xì)討論了科技如何改變?nèi)祟惿睢?/p>

戈麥斯是醫(yī)院環(huán)境服務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人。他說(shuō):“你會(huì)看到全天24小時(shí)都有[機(jī)器人]在執(zhí)勤,因?yàn)槲覀冇刑喔綦x病房。每天所有手術(shù)完成之后,我們的[環(huán)境服務(wù)]專業(yè)人員會(huì)對(duì)房間進(jìn)行清掃,然后他們會(huì)在房間里部署Xenex紫外線消毒機(jī)器人,以確保對(duì)每一個(gè)角落進(jìn)行徹底消毒?!?/p>

戈麥斯主要談?wù)摿藱C(jī)器人的好處,但《財(cái)富》資深撰稿人杰里米·卡恩在播客中分析了這些清潔機(jī)器人可能對(duì)人類就業(yè)帶來(lái)的潛在威脅。他形容這類清潔機(jī)器人是“機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的誘導(dǎo)性毒品”。

卡恩說(shuō):“有些機(jī)器人會(huì)淘汰人類的工作,有些機(jī)器人的設(shè)計(jì)意圖就是要取代人類。夜間長(zhǎng)期使用機(jī)器人的成本低于雇傭一家保潔公司的成本,生產(chǎn)清潔機(jī)器人的公司以此來(lái)證明機(jī)器人更劃算。在疫情期間,對(duì)于保潔的需求高漲,因此部署機(jī)器人并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致太多人失業(yè)。人們只是安排清潔工負(fù)責(zé)一些機(jī)器人力有未逮的高接觸區(qū)域。人類保潔人員不再負(fù)責(zé)清掃地面,而是被安排去打掃洗手間、門把手和欄桿,地面清潔工作由機(jī)器人來(lái)完成。但未來(lái),對(duì)保潔人員的需求會(huì)越來(lái)越少,他們將面臨失業(yè)?!?/p>

在節(jié)目進(jìn)行到接近一半的時(shí)候,列弗拉姆和奧吉夫請(qǐng)Biobot Analytics公司CEO兼聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人瑪麗安娜·馬圖斯博士談?wù)摿巳绾卧O(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人,讓它們從事人類沒(méi)有興趣從事的工作,比如從人類產(chǎn)生的污水中收集數(shù)據(jù)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

赫爾曼·戈麥斯每天都在監(jiān)視著他手下的七臺(tái)機(jī)器人在位于洛杉磯的Adventist Health懷特紀(jì)念醫(yī)院(Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital)內(nèi)巡邏。這七臺(tái)機(jī)器人來(lái)自機(jī)器人制造商Xenex,外觀與電影《星球大戰(zhàn)》(Star Wars)中的R2-D2機(jī)器人一模一樣。它們負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)病房進(jìn)行全天候紫外線消毒,能夠清理人類清潔工遺留下的各種微生物,可以為醫(yī)院提供第二重衛(wèi)生保障。

在本期《財(cái)富頭腦風(fēng)暴》(Fortune Brainstorm)播客中,戈麥斯與機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的其他多位專家接受了《財(cái)富》雜志編輯米哈爾·列弗拉姆和布萊恩·奧吉夫的采訪。他們?cè)诠?jié)目中談?wù)摿四壳叭祟惿鐣?huì)對(duì)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用情況。該播客詳細(xì)討論了科技如何改變?nèi)祟惿睢?/p>

戈麥斯是醫(yī)院環(huán)境服務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人。他說(shuō):“你會(huì)看到全天24小時(shí)都有[機(jī)器人]在執(zhí)勤,因?yàn)槲覀冇刑喔綦x病房。每天所有手術(shù)完成之后,我們的[環(huán)境服務(wù)]專業(yè)人員會(huì)對(duì)房間進(jìn)行清掃,然后他們會(huì)在房間里部署Xenex紫外線消毒機(jī)器人,以確保對(duì)每一個(gè)角落進(jìn)行徹底消毒?!?/p>

戈麥斯主要談?wù)摿藱C(jī)器人的好處,但《財(cái)富》資深撰稿人杰里米·卡恩在播客中分析了這些清潔機(jī)器人可能對(duì)人類就業(yè)帶來(lái)的潛在威脅。他形容這類清潔機(jī)器人是“機(jī)器人領(lǐng)域的誘導(dǎo)性毒品”。

卡恩說(shuō):“有些機(jī)器人會(huì)淘汰人類的工作,有些機(jī)器人的設(shè)計(jì)意圖就是要取代人類。夜間長(zhǎng)期使用機(jī)器人的成本低于雇傭一家保潔公司的成本,生產(chǎn)清潔機(jī)器人的公司以此來(lái)證明機(jī)器人更劃算。在疫情期間,對(duì)于保潔的需求高漲,因此部署機(jī)器人并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致太多人失業(yè)。人們只是安排清潔工負(fù)責(zé)一些機(jī)器人力有未逮的高接觸區(qū)域。人類保潔人員不再負(fù)責(zé)清掃地面,而是被安排去打掃洗手間、門把手和欄桿,地面清潔工作由機(jī)器人來(lái)完成。但未來(lái),對(duì)保潔人員的需求會(huì)越來(lái)越少,他們將面臨失業(yè)。”

在節(jié)目進(jìn)行到接近一半的時(shí)候,列弗拉姆和奧吉夫請(qǐng)Biobot Analytics公司CEO兼聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人瑪麗安娜·馬圖斯博士談?wù)摿巳绾卧O(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人,讓它們從事人類沒(méi)有興趣從事的工作,比如從人類產(chǎn)生的污水中收集數(shù)據(jù)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Each day, Herman Gomez watches as his team of seven robots makes its rounds through Adventist Health White Memorial Hospital in Los Angeles. Supplied by the robot manufacturer Xenex, these robots look exactly like R2-D2 from Star Wars and disinfect rooms using UV light throughout the day, providing a second level of sanitation that cleans whatever micro-organisms were left behind by the human cleaners that came first.

On this episode of Fortune Brainstorm, a podcast detailing how technology is changing our lives, Gomez––along with several other experts in the field of robotics––speaks with Fortune’s Michal Lev-Ram and Brian O’Keefe about how robots are currently being integrated into society alongside humans.

“You will see [the robots] being deployed all throughout the day, 24 hours a day because we have so many isolation rooms,” says Gomez, who oversees the environmental services department at the hospital. “After all the surgeries have been completed for the day, our [environmental services] professionals go in there to clean the room, and then they also deploy the Xenex UV light disinfection robot to the room to still make sure that everything has been disinfected completely.”

While Gomez focuses on robots’ capacity for good, Fortune senior writer Jeremy Kahn joins the podcast to discuss the potential threats these cleaning robots, which he describes as the “gateway drug of robotics,” could pose to human jobs.

“Some of these robots eliminate jobs, and some of them are designed to eliminate jobs,” Kahn says. “One of the ways that companies who make the cleaning robots justify the cost is that, over time, they cost less than it would cost to have a cleaning company in there every night for years. During the pandemic, there’s been such a demand for cleaning that it hasn’t actually resulted in too many job losses. What’s happened is they’ve just redeployed the cleaners to do those high-touch areas that the robots can’t really do. Instead of having the humans doing the floor cleaning, they have the humans doing the fittings in the bathroom or the handles on the doors and the railings, and they just let the robot do the floors. But in the future, it might be the case that they don’t need as many cleaners, and then those people will lose their jobs.”

At about the half way mark of the podcast, Lev-Ram and O’Keefe bring on Dr. Mariana Matus, CEO and cofounder of Biobot Analytics, to talk about how robots can be designed to do a job humans have no interest in doing themselves in the first place: collecting data from our sewage.

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