馬克?勒基于2018年辭去Facebook經(jīng)理一職后不久,他在個(gè)人博客中展示了他離職前發(fā)給同事的一份內(nèi)部備忘錄,話題是Facebook對(duì)黑人員工的歧視?,F(xiàn)在將近兩年過去,他將真實(shí)故事寫成了輕虛構(gòu)小說,講述了大型科技公司如何運(yùn)作,以及給員工帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)。
小說《山谷女孩》(Valley Girls)通過在科技公司Elemynt通訊部門工作的四個(gè)主要角色的視角來講述了故事。勒基表示,這個(gè)虛構(gòu)的公司融合了谷歌、Uber和Facebook等大公司的影子。故事從樂觀的開頭講起,隨著女性角色在工作中的處境越來越不利,故事也變得越來越糟糕。勒基說,他寫這本小說的部分原因是為了保護(hù)他的線人,其中很多人和他們的雇主簽訂了保密協(xié)議。
“科技界人士大多從未見過或聽說過這些事情?!崩栈谝淮尾稍L中說,“當(dāng)丑聞出現(xiàn)時(shí),人們會(huì)想到首席執(zhí)行官和高管要遭殃,但很少思考丑聞背后的一系列策劃和動(dòng)機(jī)。”
勒基曾經(jīng)在Facebook、Reddit和推特等公司工作,擔(dān)任過多個(gè)職位,給影響者和媒體合作伙伴當(dāng)過助手。在大公司工作期間,勒基說他看到不少年輕的雄心勃勃的專業(yè)人士(其中許多人是女性)加入溝通團(tuán)隊(duì)后,立馬面對(duì)著窘境的困擾:即便她們最終與公司意見相左,她們也不得不“隱藏”公司信息,或者是繞過這些信息進(jìn)行“談判”。
勒基擁有兩個(gè)新聞學(xué)學(xué)位,在主流媒體公司有過工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。離開科技行業(yè)后,他決定再次投入寫作。勒基仍然為大型科技公司的運(yùn)營方式以及它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的后果感到擔(dān)憂——比如在公司提供的產(chǎn)品服務(wù)上直播槍擊事件,以及仇恨組織使用它們的工具進(jìn)行協(xié)同攻擊。
勒基意識(shí)到他作為一個(gè)男人的“特權(quán)”:現(xiàn)在,他有了為他人挺身而出的自由,這也成為他撰寫新書的一大動(dòng)因?!拔乙恢痹谙?,如果我必須忍受一點(diǎn)創(chuàng)傷來緩解其他人的痛苦,那么我肯定百分之百愿意?!彼f。
為篇幅和簡明起見,訪談經(jīng)過編輯。
《財(cái)富》:這本書里的故事有多少是真的?
馬克?勒基:這本書中的所有內(nèi)容都是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生在科技公司的一些事情的糅合或直接引用,不會(huì)特別指出是哪家公司。對(duì)科技巨頭非常熟悉的讀者會(huì)認(rèn)出這些來自哪里。
我和大約40位女性對(duì)話過,或短,或長。我試圖從女性的角度去理解這個(gè)世界:從性騷擾的發(fā)生,到在浴室里使用的女性用品是什么樣子的等等。我問她們的最多的問題是:小說里的情節(jié)是否能夠準(zhǔn)確反映你的經(jīng)歷?
你為這本書起的名字遭到了強(qiáng)烈抵制。你為什么選擇《山谷女孩》作為標(biāo)題?
“山谷女孩”指的是80年代的山谷女孩——公眾認(rèn)為的成天在商場閑逛的愚蠢金發(fā)女郎。在我寫這本書之前,我就在想這個(gè)詞或許和科技行業(yè)中女性被認(rèn)為不如男性聰明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象有著種種聯(lián)系。
寫一本關(guān)于女性的書,標(biāo)題中提到“女孩”,可能會(huì)引起爭議。但是,它概括了這本書的意義——“女孩”們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。我得在心理上為這個(gè)標(biāo)題可能收到的后果做好準(zhǔn)備,但我后來逐漸意識(shí)到,書名只是這本書的爭議中最小的部分。
你為什么選擇關(guān)注女性的經(jīng)歷?
這本書不僅僅是關(guān)于女性的經(jīng)歷,只是通過女性的鏡頭視角闡釋。我更多想表達(dá)的是,不同類型的男男女女,有著不同種族、性取向、能力以及興趣的人如何交叉,如何解決由此產(chǎn)生的摩擦。
我之所以在離開Facebook時(shí)寫下備忘錄,是因?yàn)槊恐芏加腥藖砺?lián)系我,傾訴自己和經(jīng)理的矛盾、工作不順等這樣那樣的問題。而這些對(duì)話,大多來自于公司里的女性。所以我把這些經(jīng)歷融入到我的作品中,我知道,如果這本書是由一位女性所寫,它會(huì)有另一個(gè)完全不同的維度。但我希望這可以成為一個(gè)跳板——讓所有性別者都能夠講述自己的故事。
寫這本書的時(shí)候你學(xué)到了什么?
我學(xué)到的最大的一點(diǎn)是,在我經(jīng)歷的這些事件中,我并不是一個(gè)人,在千千萬萬訴說者中,大家經(jīng)歷著類似的遭遇。我還更深入地了解到,科技公司內(nèi)部有多不堪。當(dāng)把所有這些信息用15萬字合在一起時(shí)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),從員工層面到高層層面,科技公司自我標(biāo)榜的道德,顯得尤為可疑。
我曾經(jīng)多次接觸過有關(guān)用戶壓制、與政府官員互動(dòng)、隱藏公司機(jī)密、操縱員工和內(nèi)部討論的對(duì)話。我甚至對(duì)家人和朋友都隱瞞了我所了解的一切。最后我決定,我更應(yīng)當(dāng)做出努力去解決這一社會(huì)畸形現(xiàn)狀,而不是和大公司沆瀣一氣。
讀者聽到什么會(huì)最感驚訝?
有很多??萍脊镜膯T工能夠享受到托兒所、水療和飛機(jī)上的美甲等諸多便利服務(wù)。公司的自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里有免費(fèi)的高科技鍵盤、鼠標(biāo)、耳機(jī),這些東西往往價(jià)值幾百美元。
正如書中所述,這些便利服務(wù)用來讓員工盡可能多地工作,平息員工的抗議。你想,如果一家公司可以提供你所需要的一切,如果拐角處有一個(gè)酒吧和一個(gè)拱廊,它還能有多“糟糕”?但實(shí)際上,從用戶驗(yàn)證的討論,到利用名人效應(yīng)的影響,再到性騷擾和性侵,這些公司的秘密遠(yuǎn)不止這些。
你希望這本書對(duì)讀者有什么幫助?
這是一個(gè)關(guān)于分享知識(shí)的火把,把它交到人們的手中,讓他們做他們想做的事情,不管是否停留在平臺(tái)層面上。對(duì)政府和民間組織來說,這是一個(gè)幫助他們追究科技公司責(zé)任的指南。它同時(shí)也是記者們更好地了解公司內(nèi)部運(yùn)作的指南。
這本書我更是為普通人所寫——對(duì)不熟悉科技公司的人來說,這將有助于他們了解這些公司內(nèi)部的情況。
你在大型科技公司發(fā)現(xiàn)的這些問題要如何解決?
當(dāng)科技公司受到監(jiān)管或用戶離開平臺(tái),觸及公司底線時(shí),改變才會(huì)真正發(fā)生?,F(xiàn)在,他們沒有做出改變的動(dòng)力。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:楊二一
馬克?勒基于2018年辭去Facebook經(jīng)理一職后不久,他在個(gè)人博客中展示了他離職前發(fā)給同事的一份內(nèi)部備忘錄,話題是Facebook對(duì)黑人員工的歧視。現(xiàn)在將近兩年過去,他將真實(shí)故事寫成了輕虛構(gòu)小說,講述了大型科技公司如何運(yùn)作,以及給員工帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)。
小說《山谷女孩》(Valley Girls)通過在科技公司Elemynt通訊部門工作的四個(gè)主要角色的視角來講述了故事。勒基表示,這個(gè)虛構(gòu)的公司融合了谷歌、Uber和Facebook等大公司的影子。故事從樂觀的開頭講起,隨著女性角色在工作中的處境越來越不利,故事也變得越來越糟糕。勒基說,他寫這本小說的部分原因是為了保護(hù)他的線人,其中很多人和他們的雇主簽訂了保密協(xié)議。
“科技界人士大多從未見過或聽說過這些事情?!崩栈谝淮尾稍L中說,“當(dāng)丑聞出現(xiàn)時(shí),人們會(huì)想到首席執(zhí)行官和高管要遭殃,但很少思考丑聞背后的一系列策劃和動(dòng)機(jī)?!?/p>
勒基曾經(jīng)在Facebook、Reddit和推特等公司工作,擔(dān)任過多個(gè)職位,給影響者和媒體合作伙伴當(dāng)過助手。在大公司工作期間,勒基說他看到不少年輕的雄心勃勃的專業(yè)人士(其中許多人是女性)加入溝通團(tuán)隊(duì)后,立馬面對(duì)著窘境的困擾:即便她們最終與公司意見相左,她們也不得不“隱藏”公司信息,或者是繞過這些信息進(jìn)行“談判”。
勒基擁有兩個(gè)新聞學(xué)學(xué)位,在主流媒體公司有過工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。離開科技行業(yè)后,他決定再次投入寫作。勒基仍然為大型科技公司的運(yùn)營方式以及它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的后果感到擔(dān)憂——比如在公司提供的產(chǎn)品服務(wù)上直播槍擊事件,以及仇恨組織使用它們的工具進(jìn)行協(xié)同攻擊。
勒基意識(shí)到他作為一個(gè)男人的“特權(quán)”:現(xiàn)在,他有了為他人挺身而出的自由,這也成為他撰寫新書的一大動(dòng)因?!拔乙恢痹谙?,如果我必須忍受一點(diǎn)創(chuàng)傷來緩解其他人的痛苦,那么我肯定百分之百愿意?!彼f。
為篇幅和簡明起見,訪談經(jīng)過編輯。
《財(cái)富》:這本書里的故事有多少是真的?
馬克?勒基:這本書中的所有內(nèi)容都是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中發(fā)生在科技公司的一些事情的糅合或直接引用,不會(huì)特別指出是哪家公司。對(duì)科技巨頭非常熟悉的讀者會(huì)認(rèn)出這些來自哪里。
我和大約40位女性對(duì)話過,或短,或長。我試圖從女性的角度去理解這個(gè)世界:從性騷擾的發(fā)生,到在浴室里使用的女性用品是什么樣子的等等。我問她們的最多的問題是:小說里的情節(jié)是否能夠準(zhǔn)確反映你的經(jīng)歷?
你為這本書起的名字遭到了強(qiáng)烈抵制。你為什么選擇《山谷女孩》作為標(biāo)題?
“山谷女孩”指的是80年代的山谷女孩——公眾認(rèn)為的成天在商場閑逛的愚蠢金發(fā)女郎。在我寫這本書之前,我就在想這個(gè)詞或許和科技行業(yè)中女性被認(rèn)為不如男性聰明這個(gè)現(xiàn)象有著種種聯(lián)系。
寫一本關(guān)于女性的書,標(biāo)題中提到“女孩”,可能會(huì)引起爭議。但是,它概括了這本書的意義——“女孩”們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。我得在心理上為這個(gè)標(biāo)題可能收到的后果做好準(zhǔn)備,但我后來逐漸意識(shí)到,書名只是這本書的爭議中最小的部分。
你為什么選擇關(guān)注女性的經(jīng)歷?
這本書不僅僅是關(guān)于女性的經(jīng)歷,只是通過女性的鏡頭視角闡釋。我更多想表達(dá)的是,不同類型的男男女女,有著不同種族、性取向、能力以及興趣的人如何交叉,如何解決由此產(chǎn)生的摩擦。
我之所以在離開Facebook時(shí)寫下備忘錄,是因?yàn)槊恐芏加腥藖砺?lián)系我,傾訴自己和經(jīng)理的矛盾、工作不順等這樣那樣的問題。而這些對(duì)話,大多來自于公司里的女性。所以我把這些經(jīng)歷融入到我的作品中,我知道,如果這本書是由一位女性所寫,它會(huì)有另一個(gè)完全不同的維度。但我希望這可以成為一個(gè)跳板——讓所有性別者都能夠講述自己的故事。
寫這本書的時(shí)候你學(xué)到了什么?
我學(xué)到的最大的一點(diǎn)是,在我經(jīng)歷的這些事件中,我并不是一個(gè)人,在千千萬萬訴說者中,大家經(jīng)歷著類似的遭遇。我還更深入地了解到,科技公司內(nèi)部有多不堪。當(dāng)把所有這些信息用15萬字合在一起時(shí)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),從員工層面到高層層面,科技公司自我標(biāo)榜的道德,顯得尤為可疑。
我曾經(jīng)多次接觸過有關(guān)用戶壓制、與政府官員互動(dòng)、隱藏公司機(jī)密、操縱員工和內(nèi)部討論的對(duì)話。我甚至對(duì)家人和朋友都隱瞞了我所了解的一切。最后我決定,我更應(yīng)當(dāng)做出努力去解決這一社會(huì)畸形現(xiàn)狀,而不是和大公司沆瀣一氣。
讀者聽到什么會(huì)最感驚訝?
有很多??萍脊镜膯T工能夠享受到托兒所、水療和飛機(jī)上的美甲等諸多便利服務(wù)。公司的自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里有免費(fèi)的高科技鍵盤、鼠標(biāo)、耳機(jī),這些東西往往價(jià)值幾百美元。
正如書中所述,這些便利服務(wù)用來讓員工盡可能多地工作,平息員工的抗議。你想,如果一家公司可以提供你所需要的一切,如果拐角處有一個(gè)酒吧和一個(gè)拱廊,它還能有多“糟糕”?但實(shí)際上,從用戶驗(yàn)證的討論,到利用名人效應(yīng)的影響,再到性騷擾和性侵,這些公司的秘密遠(yuǎn)不止這些。
你希望這本書對(duì)讀者有什么幫助?
這是一個(gè)關(guān)于分享知識(shí)的火把,把它交到人們的手中,讓他們做他們想做的事情,不管是否停留在平臺(tái)層面上。對(duì)政府和民間組織來說,這是一個(gè)幫助他們追究科技公司責(zé)任的指南。它同時(shí)也是記者們更好地了解公司內(nèi)部運(yùn)作的指南。
這本書我更是為普通人所寫——對(duì)不熟悉科技公司的人來說,這將有助于他們了解這些公司內(nèi)部的情況。
你在大型科技公司發(fā)現(xiàn)的這些問題要如何解決?
當(dāng)科技公司受到監(jiān)管或用戶離開平臺(tái),觸及公司底線時(shí),改變才會(huì)真正發(fā)生。現(xiàn)在,他們沒有做出改變的動(dòng)力。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:楊二一
Shortly after Mark Luckie left his job as a manager at Facebook in 2018, he revealed in a blog post an internal memo he sent to colleagues before he left. The topic? How Facebook fails its Black employees. Now, nearly two years later, he’s written a lightly fictionalized version of how Big Tech companies operate and the burden they put on some of their employees.
The novel, Valley Girls, tells the story through the lens of four main characters working in the communications department of tech firm, Elemynt, which Luckie said has elements of companies like Google, Uber, and Facebook. The story starts with optimism and gets progressively worse as the characters—all women—are put in increasingly compromising positions at work. Luckie said he wrote the book as fiction partly to protect his sources, many of whom had signed nondisclosure agreements with their employers.
“This is very much a part of tech people don’t see or hear about,” Luckie said in an interview. “When scandals arrive, they think of CEOs and executives. They rarely think about the people crafting the message around it.”
Luckie has worked for companies including Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter, in various roles that aid with influencer and media partnerships. During his time at the tech companies he said he watched young ambitious professionals, many of whom were women, join the communication teams only to face situations in which they might have to “hide” company information or “negotiate” their way out of it even if they ultimately disagreed with the company.
With two journalism degrees and professional experience at major media companies, Luckie wanted to write again following his exit from the tech industry. He still has lingering worries about how Big Tech companies operate and the very real-world consequences, like live-streamed shootings on their services and hate groups using their tools for coordinated attacks.
Luckie recognized his privilege as a man who now had the freedom to stand up for others, and that’s ultimately what led him to write his new book. “The thing I kept thinking about is if I have to endure a little trauma to relieve others of theirs then I’m all for it,” he said.
This Q&A has been edited for length and clarity.
Fortune: How many of the stories in this book are true?
Mark Luckie: Everything in this book is either a mashup or direct reference to something that has happened in real life in tech companies, though not one in particular. Readers who are very familiar with tech are going to recognize where these references come from.
I talked to about 40 women. Some were small conversations, some were large. But it was to understand this world from a female perspective, everything from sexual harassment to what it’s like to have feminine products in the bathroom. The biggest question I asked them is, how accurate is this as a representation of what you go through?
The name you chose for the book has already received backlash. Why did you choose Valley Girls as the title?
“Valley Girls” is a reference to the valley girls of the ’80s who were these supposedly dumb, ditzy blondes who hung at the mall. Even before I wrote a word of the book, I was thinking about how the term references how women in tech are treated as not as intelligent as men.
Having a book about women that references “girls” in the title would be controversial, but it encapsulates the sense of the book, which is the challenges they face. I had to prepare myself mentally for the kind of blowback it would receive. But what I came to realize is the title is the least controversial part of the book.
Why did you choose to focus on the experience of women?
What’s most important is this book isn’t exclusively about women’s experiences. This is the lens through which the book is presented. It’s more about how different types of women and men and people from various races and sexual orientations and abilities intersect and the friction that that causes.
The reason why I wrote the memo [upon my departure from Facebook] is because every week people reached out saying, “I had this problem with managers and the work I do.” Most of those conversations were with women. So I incorporated those experiences in this. I know this book would’ve had another dimension if it was a book about women by a woman. But I hope this is a springboard for people of all genders to tell their stories.
What did you learn while writing this book?
The biggest lesson I learned is that I was not alone in the experiences I went through, and that there are many shared stories across various demographics. It was also understanding just how bad tech companies are from the inside. When you put all this info together in 150,000 words, the ethics are quite questionable from the employee level to the CEO level.
I’ve been in a lot of rooms and have been privy to conversations about user suppression, interactions with government officials, hiding company secrets, manipulation of employees, and internal discussions. I’ve kept secrets even from family and friends about what I witnessed. And I decided I’m more obligated to making society less dysfunctional than propping up tech companies.
What might people be most surprised to hear?
People will be surprised to hear a lot. The many amenities that tech employees are afforded from childcare to spa treatments to in-flight manicures. The vending machines with free tech—keyboards, mice, headphones, things that cost hundreds of dollars are there for the taking.
As the book goes on those amenities are used to get people to work as much as possible and quell employee protest. Because if a company is giving you everything you need, if there’s a wine bar around the corner and an arcade, how bad could it really be? But there’s everything from discussions about user verification to the effects of the exploitation of celebrity culture to sexual harassment and assault.
What do you hope this book does for people who read it?
This is about sharing the torch of knowledge, putting it into the hands of people, and letting them do what they want, whether it’s to stay on the platform or not. For government and civil organizations, it’s a guide to help them hold tech companies accountable. It’s a guide for reporters and journalists to better understand the inner workings of the companies.
This is going to be useful for people who are not familiar with tech to understand what’s going on inside these companies. That’s who I really wrote it for—the average individual.
What is the fix for these problems you explore at Big Tech companies?
The fix is when tech companies’ bottom line is affected by regulation or users leaving the platform. That’s when the change is really going to happen. Right now, they have no incentive to change.