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拜登政府對(duì)人工智能而言意味著什么?

Jonathan Vanian
2020-11-11

增加對(duì)人工智能研究的投入及對(duì)面部識(shí)別軟件采取更強(qiáng)硬的立場或?qū)⒊蔀榻裹c(diǎn)。

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如果人工智能的研究人員和企業(yè)對(duì)特朗普總統(tǒng)的人工智能政策感到失望,那么在拜登當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)之后,失望或許會(huì)消散,希望的曙光出現(xiàn)了。

當(dāng)前美國人工智能政策的一個(gè)主要痛處在于特朗普政府撥給非軍事人工智能相關(guān)研究的資金數(shù)額。今年2月,白宮表示,到2022年將把對(duì)非國防相關(guān)人工智能的投資增加到每年20億美元。一些分析人士認(rèn)為,考慮到研發(fā)尖端人工智能所需的巨額資金,這一數(shù)字少得可憐。

盡管拜登政府還沒有詳細(xì)說明人工智能研究的具體計(jì)劃,但民主黨的競選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,他們認(rèn)為科學(xué)研究和發(fā)展對(duì)美國至關(guān)重要。拜登提議在四年內(nèi)將聯(lián)邦研發(fā)支出增加到3000億美元。與此同時(shí),作為特朗普總統(tǒng)2021年預(yù)算的一部分,白宮計(jì)劃在聯(lián)邦研發(fā)方面投入1422億美元。

拜登的競選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,“聯(lián)邦研發(fā)支出下降導(dǎo)致美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)被掏空”。擬議中的投資將惠及“關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”,例如5G、人工智能、先進(jìn)材料、生物技術(shù)以及清潔汽車。

各家公司和研究人員正在等待,靜觀拜登政府將如何分配其提議的資金給予與人工智能相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。由于對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情、系統(tǒng)性種族主義和經(jīng)濟(jì)等熱點(diǎn)問題的關(guān)注太多,在激烈的政治斗爭中,拜登和特朗普都沒有把人工智能作為國家關(guān)注的重要領(lǐng)域。

不過,拜登政府之前的聲明和舉措讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)了解他們是如何看待人工智能和面部識(shí)別等相關(guān)技術(shù)的。

副總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選人賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)此前曾經(jīng)呼吁人們關(guān)注在刑事司法系統(tǒng)中使用人工智能的潛在問題。許多研究人員和活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心,面部識(shí)別軟件在白人男性身上比在女性和有色人種身上更有效,并且有種族歧視歷史的警察部門可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人臉識(shí)別的濫用。

去年12月,賀錦麗和包括新澤西州民主黨參議員科里·布克、馬薩諸塞州民主黨參議員埃德·馬基在內(nèi)的其他立法者也呼吁美國住房和城市發(fā)展部(U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development)審查有關(guān)在聯(lián)邦住房援助中使用人臉識(shí)別軟件的政策。

賀錦麗和其他議員擔(dān)心:“面部識(shí)別技術(shù)在聯(lián)邦政府資助的住房領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用,會(huì)給邊緣化社群帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為威脅不受約束的公民權(quán)利的政府監(jiān)控打開大門?!?/p>

當(dāng)然,活動(dòng)人士批評(píng)賀錦麗在擔(dān)任檢察官期間對(duì)犯罪的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度,認(rèn)為其導(dǎo)致了對(duì)黑人的過度監(jiān)禁。

但從她目前的言論和行動(dòng)來看,拜登新政府可能會(huì)提議在禁止聯(lián)邦政府使用面部識(shí)別方面實(shí)行更嚴(yán)格的舉措。至于拜登政府在企業(yè)使用面部識(shí)別方面有什么計(jì)劃,還有待觀察。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

如果人工智能的研究人員和企業(yè)對(duì)特朗普總統(tǒng)的人工智能政策感到失望,那么在拜登當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)之后,失望或許會(huì)消散,希望的曙光出現(xiàn)了。

當(dāng)前美國人工智能政策的一個(gè)主要痛處在于特朗普政府撥給非軍事人工智能相關(guān)研究的資金數(shù)額。今年2月,白宮表示,到2022年將把對(duì)非國防相關(guān)人工智能的投資增加到每年20億美元。一些分析人士認(rèn)為,考慮到研發(fā)尖端人工智能所需的巨額資金,這一數(shù)字少得可憐。

盡管拜登政府還沒有詳細(xì)說明人工智能研究的具體計(jì)劃,但民主黨的競選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,他們認(rèn)為科學(xué)研究和發(fā)展對(duì)美國至關(guān)重要。拜登提議在四年內(nèi)將聯(lián)邦研發(fā)支出增加到3000億美元。與此同時(shí),作為特朗普總統(tǒng)2021年預(yù)算的一部分,白宮計(jì)劃在聯(lián)邦研發(fā)方面投入1422億美元。

拜登的競選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示,“聯(lián)邦研發(fā)支出下降導(dǎo)致美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)被掏空”。擬議中的投資將惠及“關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”,例如5G、人工智能、先進(jìn)材料、生物技術(shù)以及清潔汽車。

各家公司和研究人員正在等待,靜觀拜登政府將如何分配其提議的資金給予與人工智能相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。由于對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情、系統(tǒng)性種族主義和經(jīng)濟(jì)等熱點(diǎn)問題的關(guān)注太多,在激烈的政治斗爭中,拜登和特朗普都沒有把人工智能作為國家關(guān)注的重要領(lǐng)域。

不過,拜登政府之前的聲明和舉措讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)了解他們是如何看待人工智能和面部識(shí)別等相關(guān)技術(shù)的。

副總統(tǒng)當(dāng)選人賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)此前曾經(jīng)呼吁人們關(guān)注在刑事司法系統(tǒng)中使用人工智能的潛在問題。許多研究人員和活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心,面部識(shí)別軟件在白人男性身上比在女性和有色人種身上更有效,并且有種族歧視歷史的警察部門可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人臉識(shí)別的濫用。

去年12月,賀錦麗和包括新澤西州民主黨參議員科里·布克、馬薩諸塞州民主黨參議員埃德·馬基在內(nèi)的其他立法者也呼吁美國住房和城市發(fā)展部(U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development)審查有關(guān)在聯(lián)邦住房援助中使用人臉識(shí)別軟件的政策。

賀錦麗和其他議員擔(dān)心:“面部識(shí)別技術(shù)在聯(lián)邦政府資助的住房領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用,會(huì)給邊緣化社群帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為威脅不受約束的公民權(quán)利的政府監(jiān)控打開大門?!?/p>

當(dāng)然,活動(dòng)人士批評(píng)賀錦麗在擔(dān)任檢察官期間對(duì)犯罪的強(qiáng)硬態(tài)度,認(rèn)為其導(dǎo)致了對(duì)黑人的過度監(jiān)禁。

但從她目前的言論和行動(dòng)來看,拜登新政府可能會(huì)提議在禁止聯(lián)邦政府使用面部識(shí)別方面實(shí)行更嚴(yán)格的舉措。至于拜登政府在企業(yè)使用面部識(shí)別方面有什么計(jì)劃,還有待觀察。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

If artificial intelligence researchers and companies were disappointed with President Donald Trump’s A.I. policies, they might be more hopeful about the future of A.I. now that Joe Biden has been elected President.

One of the major sore points with current federal A.I. policy was the amount of funding that the Trump administration has allocated for nonmilitary A.I.-related research. In February, the White House said it would bump non–defense-related A.I. investment to $2 billion annually by 2022, which was seen by some analysts as paltry considering the staggering amount of money that’s needed to produce cutting-edge A.I. research.

Although the Biden administration has not detailed its exact plans for A.I. research, the Democrat’s campaign indicated that it considers general scientific research and development to be crucial to the nation. Biden has proposed to increase the amount of federal R&D spending to $300 billion over four years. Meanwhile, the White House planned to spend $142.2 billion on federal R&D as part of President Trump’s 2021 budget.

The Biden campaign said that “declines in federal R&D spending have contributed to a hollowing out of the American middle class,” and that its proposed investment would benefit “key technologies” like “5G, artificial intelligence, advanced materials, biotechnology, and clean vehicles.”

Companies and researchers will have to wait to see how exactly the Biden administration divvies its proposed funding to A.I.-specific initiatives. With so much attention on hot-topic issues like COVID-19, systemic racism, and the economy, both Trump and Biden paid little attention to A.I. as an important area for the nation to focus on during their heated political battles.

Still, previous statements and initiatives give us a window into how the new administration views A.I. and related technologies like facial recognition.

Vice President–elect Kamala Harris has previously called attention to the potential problems of using A.I. in the criminal justice system. Numerous researchers and activists are concerned about facial recognition software’s tendency to work better on white males than women and people of color, and its potential misuse by police departments with a history of racism.

Last December, Harris and other lawmakers like Sen. Cory Booker (D-N.J.) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) also called on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to review policies governing the use of facial recognition software in federally assisted housing.

Harris and the other lawmakers were concerned “that the expansion of facial recognition technology in federally assisted housing properties poses risks to marginalized communities, including by opening the door to unchecked government surveillance that could threaten civil rights.”

Of course, Harris has been criticized by activists for her tough-on-crime approach during her stint as a prosecutor that they claim resulted in the over-incarceration of Black people.

But judging by her rhetoric and actions so far, it’s possible the new Biden administration may propose tougher bans on federal use of facial recognition. As for what the Biden administration plans for corporate use of facial recognition, that remains to be seen.

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