和最近發(fā)生的事情相比——比如支持特朗普的暴徒試圖顛覆選舉結(jié)果所引發(fā)的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)騷亂,人工智能的新發(fā)展看起來(lái)似乎微不足道。
但2021年對(duì)人工智能來(lái)說(shuō)可能十分重要,隨著新一任政府即將入住白宮,可能會(huì)推出一系列更加清晰的國(guó)家人工智能政策,并最終影響到商界。
以下是需要關(guān)注的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:
人工智能將得到更多聯(lián)邦資金的支持
今年元旦當(dāng)天,美國(guó)參議院投票推翻了特朗普總統(tǒng)對(duì)《國(guó)防授權(quán)法案》(National Defense Authorization Act)的否決,授權(quán)7410億美元的國(guó)防開(kāi)支,其中包括推出一系列人工智能相關(guān)政策。特朗普之所以反對(duì),原因包括該法案沒(méi)有廢除《通信規(guī)范法》第230條,因?yàn)樵摋l款可以為內(nèi)容平臺(tái)類互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司提供法律保護(hù)。
盡管國(guó)防法案的主要內(nèi)容是軍費(fèi)開(kāi)支,但正如斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的“以人為本”人工智能(Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence)小組所述,里面確實(shí)包含了一些與國(guó)防無(wú)關(guān)的人工智能項(xiàng)目。例如,該法案將推出“國(guó)家人工智能倡議”(National AI Initiative),協(xié)調(diào)“民用機(jī)構(gòu)”、美國(guó)國(guó)防部和情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行人工智能研發(fā)。還將成立國(guó)家人工智能倡議辦公室(National AI Initiative Office),作為聯(lián)邦層面人工智能項(xiàng)目、公共部門和私人公司的聯(lián)絡(luò)中心。
這也為即將上任的拜登政府采取更積極的聯(lián)邦人工智能政策奠定了基礎(chǔ),或許還會(huì)像拜登競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)所言,增加至關(guān)重要的人工智能研究資金。
人臉識(shí)別軟件的使用在增加
拜登政府,尤其是當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào),面部識(shí)別軟件對(duì)白人男性比女性和有色人種的識(shí)別更有效,隨著面部識(shí)別軟件的使用范圍擴(kuò)大,這種區(qū)別也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的影響。
立法者正在制定更全面的面部識(shí)別規(guī)則,預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有更多的州和地方政府制定自己的面部識(shí)別法律。種種跡象表明,人們并未減少對(duì)這種備受爭(zhēng)議的軟件的使用,有報(bào)道稱,執(zhí)法部門正在通過(guò)使用人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)來(lái)識(shí)別近期華盛頓騷亂中的嫌疑人,盡管這類軟件曾經(jīng)在識(shí)別有色人種犯罪嫌疑人時(shí)出過(guò)錯(cuò)。
隨著員工在新冠肺炎疫情結(jié)束后重返工作崗位,企業(yè)可能會(huì)將面部識(shí)別軟件作為有效識(shí)別員工的一種安全工具,投入更多資金,宣傳此類軟件是追蹤、監(jiān)督員工的安全方法。
人工智能寫手可以為商界提供幫助
人工智能公司OpenAI憑借其備受矚目的GPT-3語(yǔ)言軟件贏得了商界和研究界的關(guān)注,GPT-3在生成可讀文本上的表現(xiàn)超越了以往技術(shù)。該軟件只是眾多所謂自然語(yǔ)言處理系統(tǒng)中的一種,這些系統(tǒng)在生成連貫語(yǔ)句、文檔分析中的表現(xiàn)越來(lái)越出色。
種種跡象表明,人工智能語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)展并未放緩,盡管此類系統(tǒng)在識(shí)別學(xué)習(xí)人類語(yǔ)言的細(xì)微差別上面臨重重困難,但它們?cè)诟爬◤?fù)雜研究、識(shí)別難以察覺(jué)的人類講話模式中的表現(xiàn)愈發(fā)出色。
預(yù)計(jì)企業(yè)將增加對(duì)人工智能的使用,用來(lái)分析財(cái)務(wù)文件、銷售電話、呼叫中心記錄以及其他一切與書面語(yǔ)言有關(guān)的工作。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
和最近發(fā)生的事情相比——比如支持特朗普的暴徒試圖顛覆選舉結(jié)果所引發(fā)的美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)騷亂,人工智能的新發(fā)展看起來(lái)似乎微不足道。
但2021年對(duì)人工智能來(lái)說(shuō)可能十分重要,隨著新一任政府即將入住白宮,可能會(huì)推出一系列更加清晰的國(guó)家人工智能政策,并最終影響到商界。
以下是需要關(guān)注的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:
人工智能將得到更多聯(lián)邦資金的支持
今年元旦當(dāng)天,美國(guó)參議院投票推翻了特朗普總統(tǒng)對(duì)《國(guó)防授權(quán)法案》(National Defense Authorization Act)的否決,授權(quán)7410億美元的國(guó)防開(kāi)支,其中包括推出一系列人工智能相關(guān)政策。特朗普之所以反對(duì),原因包括該法案沒(méi)有廢除《通信規(guī)范法》第230條,因?yàn)樵摋l款可以為內(nèi)容平臺(tái)類互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司提供法律保護(hù)。
盡管國(guó)防法案的主要內(nèi)容是軍費(fèi)開(kāi)支,但正如斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)的“以人為本”人工智能(Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence)小組所述,里面確實(shí)包含了一些與國(guó)防無(wú)關(guān)的人工智能項(xiàng)目。例如,該法案將推出“國(guó)家人工智能倡議”(National AI Initiative),協(xié)調(diào)“民用機(jī)構(gòu)”、美國(guó)國(guó)防部和情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行人工智能研發(fā)。還將成立國(guó)家人工智能倡議辦公室(National AI Initiative Office),作為聯(lián)邦層面人工智能項(xiàng)目、公共部門和私人公司的聯(lián)絡(luò)中心。
這也為即將上任的拜登政府采取更積極的聯(lián)邦人工智能政策奠定了基礎(chǔ),或許還會(huì)像拜登競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)所言,增加至關(guān)重要的人工智能研究資金。
人臉識(shí)別軟件的使用在增加
拜登政府,尤其是當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào),面部識(shí)別軟件對(duì)白人男性比女性和有色人種的識(shí)別更有效,隨著面部識(shí)別軟件的使用范圍擴(kuò)大,這種區(qū)別也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的影響。
立法者正在制定更全面的面部識(shí)別規(guī)則,預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有更多的州和地方政府制定自己的面部識(shí)別法律。種種跡象表明,人們并未減少對(duì)這種備受爭(zhēng)議的軟件的使用,有報(bào)道稱,執(zhí)法部門正在通過(guò)使用人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)來(lái)識(shí)別近期華盛頓騷亂中的嫌疑人,盡管這類軟件曾經(jīng)在識(shí)別有色人種犯罪嫌疑人時(shí)出過(guò)錯(cuò)。
隨著員工在新冠肺炎疫情結(jié)束后重返工作崗位,企業(yè)可能會(huì)將面部識(shí)別軟件作為有效識(shí)別員工的一種安全工具,投入更多資金,宣傳此類軟件是追蹤、監(jiān)督員工的安全方法。
人工智能寫手可以為商界提供幫助
人工智能公司OpenAI憑借其備受矚目的GPT-3語(yǔ)言軟件贏得了商界和研究界的關(guān)注,GPT-3在生成可讀文本上的表現(xiàn)超越了以往技術(shù)。該軟件只是眾多所謂自然語(yǔ)言處理系統(tǒng)中的一種,這些系統(tǒng)在生成連貫語(yǔ)句、文檔分析中的表現(xiàn)越來(lái)越出色。
種種跡象表明,人工智能語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)展并未放緩,盡管此類系統(tǒng)在識(shí)別學(xué)習(xí)人類語(yǔ)言的細(xì)微差別上面臨重重困難,但它們?cè)诟爬◤?fù)雜研究、識(shí)別難以察覺(jué)的人類講話模式中的表現(xiàn)愈發(fā)出色。
預(yù)計(jì)企業(yè)將增加對(duì)人工智能的使用,用來(lái)分析財(cái)務(wù)文件、銷售電話、呼叫中心記錄以及其他一切與書面語(yǔ)言有關(guān)的工作。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:Agatha
New developments in artificial intelligence may seem trivial compared to recent events like the Capitol riots in which pro-Trump rioters attempted to subvert the election.
But 2021 will likely be a big year for A.I., and with a new White House administration soon in place, there may be a clearer set of national A.I. policies that will trickle down to the business world.
Here are three key themes to watch out for:
Federal A.I. funding gets a boost
On New Year’s Day, the U.S. Senate voted to overturn President Trump’s veto of the National Defense Authorization Act and authorize $741 billion for defense spending, including the creation of a number of A.I.-related polices. Among the reasons Trump opposed the defense bill was the absence of a provision to repeal Section 230, which gives legal protections to Internet companies that host user-generated content.
Although the defense bill was mostly geared toward military spending, it did contain a number of non-defense related A.I. initiatives, as Stanford University’s Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence group outlined. For instance, the bill would create a “National AI Initiative” that would coordinate A.I. research and development between “civilian agencies,” the Defense Department, and intelligence agencies. It would also create a National AI Initiative Office that would serve as a hub for federal A.I. projects and for public and private companies.
It also sets the stage for the incoming Biden Administration to take a more proactive role in creating Federal A.I. policies and perhaps increase A.I. research funding, as the Biden campaign said would be crucial.
Facial-recognition software on the rise
The Biden Administration, specifically Vice President–elect Kamala Harris, has highlighted the problem of facial-recognition software working better on white males than women and people of color, and the consequences to society as the use of the software grows.
Expect more state and local governments to create their own facial-recognition laws as the lawmakers work on more comprehensive facial-recognition rules. There is no sign that use of the controversial software is slowing down, as reports have emerged that law enforcement are using the technology to identify suspects in the recent D.C. riots, even though the software has previously misidentified criminal suspects of color.
And as employees return to work after COVID-19, companies could spend more on facial-recognition software as a security tool to identify workers, pitching the software as a safe way to track and monitor staff.
Business gets some help from A.I. writers
The A.I. firm OpenAI captured the business and research world’s attention with its high-profile GPT-3 language software that outperforms previous technologies in generating readable text. The software is just one of many so-called natural language processing systems that are getting better at writing coherent sentences and analyzing documents.
There’s no sign that progress in A.I. language systems is slowing, and while these software systems may stumble at the many nuances of human language, they are getting better at summarizing complicated research and spotting patterns in speech that would otherwise go undetected.
Expects businesses to increase their use of A.I. to analyze financial documents, sales calls, call center transcripts, and anything else that has to do with written language.