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Meta放棄為AR眼鏡開發(fā)定制芯片

Kali Hays
2024-08-31

在公司大規(guī)模裁員和削減成本的努力中,定制芯片被認(rèn)為成本過高,而且對(duì)芯片的需求也與當(dāng)前的業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

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馬克·扎克伯格對(duì)AR智能眼鏡的愿景不再包括定制芯片。圖片來源:JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images

Meta內(nèi)部正在進(jìn)行雄心勃勃的努力,旨在為日益擴(kuò)大的可穿戴消費(fèi)設(shè)備產(chǎn)品線打造自研定制芯片,但這些努力最終還是未能逃脫公司持續(xù)削減成本的努力。

去年,當(dāng)Meta仍深陷馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)所謂的“效率年”之際,該公司多年來為計(jì)劃推出的可穿戴眼鏡產(chǎn)品線自研芯片的工作實(shí)際上已經(jīng)走到了盡頭。兩名熟悉該公司及其變化的知情人士告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,在公司大規(guī)模裁員和削減成本的努力中,定制芯片被認(rèn)為成本過高,而且對(duì)芯片的需求也與當(dāng)前的業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

其中一位知情人士稱,Meta不再為智能眼鏡設(shè)計(jì)芯片,而是轉(zhuǎn)向了高通(Qualcomm)等第三方芯片制造商,為其即將推出的原型和潛在的未來版本AR眼鏡提供芯片。

雖然Meta仍在繼續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)其他類型的芯片,例如在其數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)行人工智能工作負(fù)載的專用處理器,但該公司從可穿戴設(shè)備定制芯片的撤出標(biāo)志著始于2019年的雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目的終結(jié)。這些芯片原本將是它們正在開發(fā)的可穿戴設(shè)備的基石,主要是代號(hào)為Orion的增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡產(chǎn)品線。據(jù)其中一位消息人士透露,Meta仍計(jì)劃在今年某個(gè)時(shí)候推出Orion AR眼鏡的“實(shí)驗(yàn)性”原型,可能在未來幾周,也可能是在9月份的Meta開發(fā)者大會(huì)“Meta Connect”上。

Meta拒絕置評(píng)。

Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)助力扎克伯格實(shí)現(xiàn)愿景

智能眼鏡和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭顯是扎克伯格未來計(jì)算愿景的核心。這位首席執(zhí)行官最近預(yù)測(cè),在不久的將來,將有數(shù)億人使用支持增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)和人工智能眼鏡。

雖然Meta的絕大部分收入來自臉書(Facebook)和Instagram等各種社交媒體平臺(tái)上的廣告,但該公司已斥資數(shù)百億美元打造消費(fèi)硬件業(yè)務(wù)。名為“現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的團(tuán)隊(duì)在最近一個(gè)季度的營(yíng)收僅為3.53億美元,運(yùn)營(yíng)虧損為45億美元。

Meta目前通過與眼鏡巨頭依視路陸遜梯卡(EssilorLuxottica)合作,銷售一系列雷朋(Ray-Ban)智能眼鏡。目前的版本包含一個(gè)攝像頭和一個(gè)連接手機(jī)的芯片,但不包括AR功能,即直接在鏡片上疊加數(shù)字信息。

在Orion項(xiàng)目的早期階段,定制芯片被認(rèn)為是獲得扎克伯格最終想要的性能的必要條件。這位知情人士補(bǔ)充說,定制芯片主要用于Orion眼鏡,以及正在開發(fā)的下一代AR眼鏡,該項(xiàng)目名稱為Apollo。Meta曾一度考慮在其廣受歡迎的Quest虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭顯中使用定制芯片,但這個(gè)想法很早就被扼殺了,就像為計(jì)劃推出的智能手表定制芯片最終被完全否決一樣。定制芯片也用于Apollo版眼鏡。

可穿戴設(shè)備芯片的設(shè)計(jì)工作由Meta硬件部門的Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)完成。知情人士告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,實(shí)際上,該團(tuán)隊(duì)正在為AR眼鏡開發(fā)三種獨(dú)立的芯片:一種用于“puck”, 即眼鏡的非可穿戴處理器部分;一種用于眼鏡內(nèi)部,主要用于圖像識(shí)別;以及另一個(gè)用于眼鏡內(nèi)部的處理器。其中一位知情人士表示,這些芯片的項(xiàng)目名稱分別為Armstrong、Avogadro和Acropolis。他補(bǔ)充稱,該公司曾計(jì)劃開發(fā)一系列更小的芯片,如電源管理集成電路(PMIC),但也被放棄了。

一位知情人士表示,雖然前幾年完成的一些定制工作有可能在未來的可穿戴設(shè)備項(xiàng)目中發(fā)揮作用,或者導(dǎo)致Meta使用半定制芯片,但該公司目前已轉(zhuǎn)向依賴高通的“現(xiàn)成”XR芯片。高通還為Meta的Quest頭顯提供虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)芯片。

至于這項(xiàng)工作背后的員工,自10月份以來,Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)的數(shù)十名Meta員工已經(jīng)被解雇。路透社最先報(bào)道了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的裁員。一位知情人士指出,一旦今年裁員完成,Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)被削減到只剩下與供應(yīng)商溝通所需的“幾位關(guān)鍵人物”。據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,為滿足Meta不斷增長(zhǎng)的生成式人工智能需求而研發(fā)定制芯片的工作也遇到了麻煩。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Meta內(nèi)部正在進(jìn)行雄心勃勃的努力,旨在為日益擴(kuò)大的可穿戴消費(fèi)設(shè)備產(chǎn)品線打造自研定制芯片,但這些努力最終還是未能逃脫公司持續(xù)削減成本的努力。

去年,當(dāng)Meta仍深陷馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)所謂的“效率年”之際,該公司多年來為計(jì)劃推出的可穿戴眼鏡產(chǎn)品線自研芯片的工作實(shí)際上已經(jīng)走到了盡頭。兩名熟悉該公司及其變化的知情人士告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,在公司大規(guī)模裁員和削減成本的努力中,定制芯片被認(rèn)為成本過高,而且對(duì)芯片的需求也與當(dāng)前的業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

其中一位知情人士稱,Meta不再為智能眼鏡設(shè)計(jì)芯片,而是轉(zhuǎn)向了高通(Qualcomm)等第三方芯片制造商,為其即將推出的原型和潛在的未來版本AR眼鏡提供芯片。

雖然Meta仍在繼續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)其他類型的芯片,例如在其數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)行人工智能工作負(fù)載的專用處理器,但該公司從可穿戴設(shè)備定制芯片的撤出標(biāo)志著始于2019年的雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目的終結(jié)。這些芯片原本將是它們正在開發(fā)的可穿戴設(shè)備的基石,主要是代號(hào)為Orion的增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡產(chǎn)品線。據(jù)其中一位消息人士透露,Meta仍計(jì)劃在今年某個(gè)時(shí)候推出Orion AR眼鏡的“實(shí)驗(yàn)性”原型,可能在未來幾周,也可能是在9月份的Meta開發(fā)者大會(huì)“Meta Connect”上。

Meta拒絕置評(píng)。

Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)助力扎克伯格實(shí)現(xiàn)愿景

智能眼鏡和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭顯是扎克伯格未來計(jì)算愿景的核心。這位首席執(zhí)行官最近預(yù)測(cè),在不久的將來,將有數(shù)億人使用支持增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)和人工智能眼鏡。

雖然Meta的絕大部分收入來自臉書(Facebook)和Instagram等各種社交媒體平臺(tái)上的廣告,但該公司已斥資數(shù)百億美元打造消費(fèi)硬件業(yè)務(wù)。名為“現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的團(tuán)隊(duì)在最近一個(gè)季度的營(yíng)收僅為3.53億美元,運(yùn)營(yíng)虧損為45億美元。

Meta目前通過與眼鏡巨頭依視路陸遜梯卡(EssilorLuxottica)合作,銷售一系列雷朋(Ray-Ban)智能眼鏡。目前的版本包含一個(gè)攝像頭和一個(gè)連接手機(jī)的芯片,但不包括AR功能,即直接在鏡片上疊加數(shù)字信息。

在Orion項(xiàng)目的早期階段,定制芯片被認(rèn)為是獲得扎克伯格最終想要的性能的必要條件。這位知情人士補(bǔ)充說,定制芯片主要用于Orion眼鏡,以及正在開發(fā)的下一代AR眼鏡,該項(xiàng)目名稱為Apollo。Meta曾一度考慮在其廣受歡迎的Quest虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭顯中使用定制芯片,但這個(gè)想法很早就被扼殺了,就像為計(jì)劃推出的智能手表定制芯片最終被完全否決一樣。定制芯片也用于Apollo版眼鏡。

可穿戴設(shè)備芯片的設(shè)計(jì)工作由Meta硬件部門的Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)完成。知情人士告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,實(shí)際上,該團(tuán)隊(duì)正在為AR眼鏡開發(fā)三種獨(dú)立的芯片:一種用于“puck”, 即眼鏡的非可穿戴處理器部分;一種用于眼鏡內(nèi)部,主要用于圖像識(shí)別;以及另一個(gè)用于眼鏡內(nèi)部的處理器。其中一位知情人士表示,這些芯片的項(xiàng)目名稱分別為Armstrong、Avogadro和Acropolis。他補(bǔ)充稱,該公司曾計(jì)劃開發(fā)一系列更小的芯片,如電源管理集成電路(PMIC),但也被放棄了。

一位知情人士表示,雖然前幾年完成的一些定制工作有可能在未來的可穿戴設(shè)備項(xiàng)目中發(fā)揮作用,或者導(dǎo)致Meta使用半定制芯片,但該公司目前已轉(zhuǎn)向依賴高通的“現(xiàn)成”XR芯片。高通還為Meta的Quest頭顯提供虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)芯片。

至于這項(xiàng)工作背后的員工,自10月份以來,Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)的數(shù)十名Meta員工已經(jīng)被解雇。路透社最先報(bào)道了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的裁員。一位知情人士指出,一旦今年裁員完成,Silicon團(tuán)隊(duì)可能會(huì)被削減到只剩下與供應(yīng)商溝通所需的“幾位關(guān)鍵人物”。據(jù)路透社報(bào)道,為滿足Meta不斷增長(zhǎng)的生成式人工智能需求而研發(fā)定制芯片的工作也遇到了麻煩。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Ambitious efforts inside Meta to build its own custom chips for use in an expanding line of wearable consumer devices fell victim to ongoing efforts to rein in company costs.

Last year, while Meta was still deep into what CEO and co-founder Mark Zuckerberg dubbed his “year of efficiency,” years of work on the in-house development of computer chips crucial to a planned line of wearable glasses effectively came to an end. Amid mass layoffs and cost-cutting efforts throughout the company, work on custom chips was deemed too expensive, and the need for the chips too far removed from current business priorities, two people familiar with the company and the changes told Fortune.

Instead of designing its own chips for smart glasses , Meta has shifted gears and opted to rely on third-party chipmakers like Qualcomm for its upcoming prototypes and potential future versions of the AR glasses, one of the sources said.

While Meta continues to design other types of chips, such as specialized processors to run AI workloads in its data centers, the company’s pullback from custom chips for wearables marks the end of an ambitious project that began in 2019. The chips were set to be the backbone of the wearable gadgets they were being developed for, mainly a line of augmented reality glasses codenamed Orion. An “experimental” prototype of the Orion AR glasses is still set to be revealed by Meta sometime this year, likely in the coming weeks, possibly in September at Meta’s Connect event for developers, one of the people said.

Meta declined to comment.

Silicon to power Zuckerberg’s vision

Smart glasses and virtual reality headsets are at the center of Zuckerberg’s vision for the future of computing. The CEO recently predicted that AR and AI enabled glasses will be used by hundreds of millions of people in the near future.

While Meta generates the overwhelming majority of its revenue from advertising on its various social media platforms, including Facebook and Instagram, the company has spent tens of billions of dollars building a consumer hardware business. The group, known as Reality Labs, generated a relatively scant $353 million in revenue and an operating loss of $4.5 billion in the most recently ended quarter.

Meta currently sells a line of Ray-Ban smart glasses through a partnership with eyewear giant EssilorLuxottica. The current version incorporates a camera and a chip that connects to a person’s phone, but does not include AR capabilities, which would overlay digital information directly on the lens.

When the Orion project was in its early stages, custom chips were thought necessary to get the kind of performance Zuckerberg ultimately wanted. The custom chips were intended for the Orion glasses, as well as a next-gen version of the AR glasses being developed, under the project name Apollo, the person familiar added. Meta at one point also considered using a custom chip for its popular Quest virtual reality headset, but that idea was killed early on, as was a custom chip for a planned smart-watch that was nixed in its entirety. The custom chips were intended for the Apollo version of the glasses as well.

The design work on the chips for wearables was done by the Silicon team within Meta’s hardware division. The team was actually developing three separate chips for AR glasses: one for the “puck,” a non-wearable processor portion of the glasses; one within the glasses, mainly needed for image recognition; and another processor within the glasses, the sources told Fortune. The individual project names for the chips were Armstrong, Avogadro and Acropolis, respectively, one of the people familiar said. There were plans to develop a line of smaller chips, like Power Management Integrated Circuits, or PMICs, that have also been abandoned, the person added.

While it’s possible that some of the custom work done over the previous years will be useful for future wearables projects, or lead to Meta using semi-custom chips, the company for now has switched to relying on “off the shelf” XR chips from Qualcomm, one of the people familiar said. Qualcomm also provides the VR chips used in Meta’s Quest headsets.

As for the employees behind this work, scores of Meta employees from the Silicon team have been laid off since October. Cuts to the team were first reported by Reuters. One of the people familiar noted that, once layoffs are complete this year, the Silicon team is likely to be whittled down to only a “few key people” needed to communicate with vendors. Work on a custom chip for Meta’s growing generative AI needs has also been troubled, according to reporting by Reuters.

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