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如何防范社交媒體公司使用個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)培訓(xùn)AI

Jenn Brice
2024-10-07

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),社交媒體公司一直因收集、使用和共享用戶數(shù)據(jù)的方式廣受批評(píng)。

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現(xiàn)在很多社交媒體公司確實(shí)在收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練Gen-AI,用戶不必由之任之??梢赃x擇拒絕,關(guān)鍵是要找到方法。

近日科技新聞網(wǎng)站404Media報(bào)道稱,領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)未通知用戶就開始默認(rèn)用帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能,這一問(wèn)題徹底浮出水面。領(lǐng)英主要用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練人工智能幫用戶寫帖子或推薦內(nèi)容。

社交媒體平臺(tái)為人工智能系統(tǒng)收集帖子和個(gè)人信息并不是什么新事。去年以來(lái)Meta就一直在收集Facebook和Instagram用戶數(shù)據(jù),而X(前身為Twitter)從7月以來(lái)也在收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)。

在美國(guó)可能遭封禁的TikTok數(shù)據(jù)政策同樣受到審查,不過(guò)該公司尚未明確表示有沒(méi)有為Gen-AI工具收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)。

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),社交媒體公司一直因收集、使用和共享用戶數(shù)據(jù)的方式廣受批評(píng)。上周四的一份報(bào)告中,聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)稱社交媒體對(duì)用戶采取“大規(guī)模監(jiān)控”,數(shù)據(jù)方面的管制“嚴(yán)重缺乏”。

領(lǐng)英到底在做什么

領(lǐng)英選擇歐盟和英國(guó)以外的數(shù)億用戶訓(xùn)練人工智能,卻未明確告知用戶。領(lǐng)英上周三告訴404Media,“很快”將在服務(wù)條款中加入相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

本月早些時(shí)候,領(lǐng)英對(duì)用戶政策進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模更新,稱訓(xùn)練人工智能時(shí)將編輯或刪除建議帖子或消息等個(gè)人信息,盡量減少訓(xùn)練模型的數(shù)據(jù)里涉及的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)”。領(lǐng)英發(fā)給《財(cái)富》的一份聲明中表示,不會(huì)收集私信,也不會(huì)收集用戶私下相互發(fā)送的消息。

領(lǐng)英發(fā)言人格雷格·斯內(nèi)珀告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,公司認(rèn)為用戶有權(quán)掌控自己的數(shù)據(jù)。

“領(lǐng)英產(chǎn)品中一直追求某種形式的自動(dòng)化,我們也明確表示用戶可以選擇如何使用數(shù)據(jù),”他說(shuō)。

如何拒絕領(lǐng)英為人工智能收集數(shù)據(jù)

若想拒絕領(lǐng)英的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)收集,要進(jìn)入服務(wù)的“設(shè)置和隱私”頁(yè)面。點(diǎn)擊PC端網(wǎng)頁(yè)右上角的頭像,然后點(diǎn)擊“帳戶”即可訪問(wèn)。

然后單擊左側(cè)邊欄上的“數(shù)據(jù)隱私”,會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中包括“用于Gen-AI改進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)”。如果想退出,可以切換“使用我的數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建人工智能模型”一行字旁邊的開關(guān)。

默認(rèn)情況下,該選項(xiàng)已啟用。這意味著你的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)和在領(lǐng)英發(fā)布的內(nèi)容會(huì)被用于訓(xùn)練“內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建人工智能模型”,不僅適用于領(lǐng)英,也適用其“附屬公司”。

領(lǐng)英隸屬于微軟,微軟斥資數(shù)十億美元投資ChatGPT之后,與OpenAI在人工智能方面達(dá)成合作。根據(jù)領(lǐng)英常見問(wèn)題解答,部分模型由微軟旗下Azure OpenAI服務(wù)提供。

但是,選擇拒絕人工智能訓(xùn)練并不能刪除已收集的數(shù)據(jù),領(lǐng)英也并未明確說(shuō)明用戶數(shù)據(jù)從何時(shí)開始。

“選擇退出意味著領(lǐng)英及其附屬公司不會(huì)使用你在領(lǐng)英上的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)或內(nèi)容訓(xùn)練未來(lái)的模型,但不會(huì)影響進(jìn)行中的訓(xùn)練,”領(lǐng)英常見問(wèn)題解答中顯示。

如果覺得如此多步驟太麻煩,谷歌前首席決策科學(xué)家凱西·科濟(jì)爾科夫向粉絲分享了一鍵退出鏈接,不用再費(fèi)勁尋找頁(yè)面。她因擁有60多萬(wàn)粉絲被領(lǐng)英標(biāo)記為“意見領(lǐng)袖”,在帖子中批評(píng)了領(lǐng)英收集數(shù)據(jù)的行為,稱收集時(shí)“會(huì)克隆帖子不注明出處”。

如何拒絕X和Meta的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)采集

至于其他社交媒體平臺(tái),退出數(shù)據(jù)收集的過(guò)程跟領(lǐng)英差不多復(fù)雜。

如果想拒絕X使用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練其AI聊天機(jī)器人Grok,可在臺(tái)式電腦上“設(shè)置”中選擇“隱私和安全”。然后在“數(shù)據(jù)共享和個(gè)性化”中選擇Grok,取消選中允許數(shù)據(jù)共享的框。還有另一選項(xiàng)能刪除跟Grok的歷史對(duì)話記錄。

X在頁(yè)面上解釋稱,發(fā)布的帖子以及與Grok的互動(dòng)、提示和結(jié)果都是為了訓(xùn)練和微調(diào)人工智能模型,可能會(huì)與埃隆·馬斯克的xAI共享,xAI為X提供聊天機(jī)器人。聊天機(jī)器人只對(duì)付費(fèi)用戶開放,但會(huì)使用所有公開帖子訓(xùn)練。

Meta方面情況更棘手一些。就在上周Meta剛剛承認(rèn),2007年以來(lái)公司使用非歐盟用戶在Facebook和Instagram上的公開帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能。

6月以來(lái),Meta還一直在抓取與Facebook、Instagram、Threads和WhatsApp上聊天機(jī)器人的互動(dòng)以訓(xùn)練人工智能。目前,如果用戶所在國(guó)家沒(méi)有出臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)隱私法,唯一能防止Meta使用帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能訓(xùn)練的方法就是將帳戶設(shè)置為私人。但出現(xiàn)在公共帖子中的數(shù)據(jù)仍會(huì)被收集,之前已被抓取的帖子也無(wú)法刪除。

TikTok對(duì)人工智能訓(xùn)練保持沉默

就是否使用用戶數(shù)據(jù)搭建Gen-AI模型,TikTok并未回應(yīng)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。今年夏天,TikTok推出了一款Gen-AI廣告工具幫品牌制作視頻,TikTok的母公司,中國(guó)科技公司字節(jié)跳動(dòng)也為中國(guó)以外的用戶推出了各種AI應(yīng)用。

在“賬戶和隱私設(shè)置”下,TikTok表示會(huì)收集分析面部和語(yǔ)音信息,“以提高安全性和用戶體驗(yàn),推薦和調(diào)整內(nèi)容,并進(jìn)行分析和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)分類?!盩ikTok告知用戶,如果不想面部和語(yǔ)音被使用,就不要上傳自己的照片或視頻,已發(fā)布的照片或視頻也要?jiǎng)h除。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

現(xiàn)在很多社交媒體公司確實(shí)在收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練Gen-AI,用戶不必由之任之??梢赃x擇拒絕,關(guān)鍵是要找到方法。

近日科技新聞網(wǎng)站404Media報(bào)道稱,領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)未通知用戶就開始默認(rèn)用帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能,這一問(wèn)題徹底浮出水面。領(lǐng)英主要用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練人工智能幫用戶寫帖子或推薦內(nèi)容。

社交媒體平臺(tái)為人工智能系統(tǒng)收集帖子和個(gè)人信息并不是什么新事。去年以來(lái)Meta就一直在收集Facebook和Instagram用戶數(shù)據(jù),而X(前身為Twitter)從7月以來(lái)也在收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)。

在美國(guó)可能遭封禁的TikTok數(shù)據(jù)政策同樣受到審查,不過(guò)該公司尚未明確表示有沒(méi)有為Gen-AI工具收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)。

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),社交媒體公司一直因收集、使用和共享用戶數(shù)據(jù)的方式廣受批評(píng)。上周四的一份報(bào)告中,聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)稱社交媒體對(duì)用戶采取“大規(guī)模監(jiān)控”,數(shù)據(jù)方面的管制“嚴(yán)重缺乏”。

領(lǐng)英到底在做什么

領(lǐng)英選擇歐盟和英國(guó)以外的數(shù)億用戶訓(xùn)練人工智能,卻未明確告知用戶。領(lǐng)英上周三告訴404Media,“很快”將在服務(wù)條款中加入相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

本月早些時(shí)候,領(lǐng)英對(duì)用戶政策進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模更新,稱訓(xùn)練人工智能時(shí)將編輯或刪除建議帖子或消息等個(gè)人信息,盡量減少訓(xùn)練模型的數(shù)據(jù)里涉及的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)”。領(lǐng)英發(fā)給《財(cái)富》的一份聲明中表示,不會(huì)收集私信,也不會(huì)收集用戶私下相互發(fā)送的消息。

領(lǐng)英發(fā)言人格雷格·斯內(nèi)珀告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,公司認(rèn)為用戶有權(quán)掌控自己的數(shù)據(jù)。

“領(lǐng)英產(chǎn)品中一直追求某種形式的自動(dòng)化,我們也明確表示用戶可以選擇如何使用數(shù)據(jù),”他說(shuō)。

如何拒絕領(lǐng)英為人工智能收集數(shù)據(jù)

若想拒絕領(lǐng)英的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)收集,要進(jìn)入服務(wù)的“設(shè)置和隱私”頁(yè)面。點(diǎn)擊PC端網(wǎng)頁(yè)右上角的頭像,然后點(diǎn)擊“帳戶”即可訪問(wèn)。

然后單擊左側(cè)邊欄上的“數(shù)據(jù)隱私”,會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中包括“用于Gen-AI改進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)”。如果想退出,可以切換“使用我的數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建人工智能模型”一行字旁邊的開關(guān)。

默認(rèn)情況下,該選項(xiàng)已啟用。這意味著你的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)和在領(lǐng)英發(fā)布的內(nèi)容會(huì)被用于訓(xùn)練“內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建人工智能模型”,不僅適用于領(lǐng)英,也適用其“附屬公司”。

領(lǐng)英隸屬于微軟,微軟斥資數(shù)十億美元投資ChatGPT之后,與OpenAI在人工智能方面達(dá)成合作。根據(jù)領(lǐng)英常見問(wèn)題解答,部分模型由微軟旗下Azure OpenAI服務(wù)提供。

但是,選擇拒絕人工智能訓(xùn)練并不能刪除已收集的數(shù)據(jù),領(lǐng)英也并未明確說(shuō)明用戶數(shù)據(jù)從何時(shí)開始。

“選擇退出意味著領(lǐng)英及其附屬公司不會(huì)使用你在領(lǐng)英上的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)或內(nèi)容訓(xùn)練未來(lái)的模型,但不會(huì)影響進(jìn)行中的訓(xùn)練,”領(lǐng)英常見問(wèn)題解答中顯示。

如果覺得如此多步驟太麻煩,谷歌前首席決策科學(xué)家凱西·科濟(jì)爾科夫向粉絲分享了一鍵退出鏈接,不用再費(fèi)勁尋找頁(yè)面。她因擁有60多萬(wàn)粉絲被領(lǐng)英標(biāo)記為“意見領(lǐng)袖”,在帖子中批評(píng)了領(lǐng)英收集數(shù)據(jù)的行為,稱收集時(shí)“會(huì)克隆帖子不注明出處”。

如何拒絕X和Meta的人工智能數(shù)據(jù)采集

至于其他社交媒體平臺(tái),退出數(shù)據(jù)收集的過(guò)程跟領(lǐng)英差不多復(fù)雜。

如果想拒絕X使用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練其AI聊天機(jī)器人Grok,可在臺(tái)式電腦上“設(shè)置”中選擇“隱私和安全”。然后在“數(shù)據(jù)共享和個(gè)性化”中選擇Grok,取消選中允許數(shù)據(jù)共享的框。還有另一選項(xiàng)能刪除跟Grok的歷史對(duì)話記錄。

X在頁(yè)面上解釋稱,發(fā)布的帖子以及與Grok的互動(dòng)、提示和結(jié)果都是為了訓(xùn)練和微調(diào)人工智能模型,可能會(huì)與埃隆·馬斯克的xAI共享,xAI為X提供聊天機(jī)器人。聊天機(jī)器人只對(duì)付費(fèi)用戶開放,但會(huì)使用所有公開帖子訓(xùn)練。

Meta方面情況更棘手一些。就在上周Meta剛剛承認(rèn),2007年以來(lái)公司使用非歐盟用戶在Facebook和Instagram上的公開帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能。

6月以來(lái),Meta還一直在抓取與Facebook、Instagram、Threads和WhatsApp上聊天機(jī)器人的互動(dòng)以訓(xùn)練人工智能。目前,如果用戶所在國(guó)家沒(méi)有出臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)隱私法,唯一能防止Meta使用帖子訓(xùn)練人工智能訓(xùn)練的方法就是將帳戶設(shè)置為私人。但出現(xiàn)在公共帖子中的數(shù)據(jù)仍會(huì)被收集,之前已被抓取的帖子也無(wú)法刪除。

TikTok對(duì)人工智能訓(xùn)練保持沉默

就是否使用用戶數(shù)據(jù)搭建Gen-AI模型,TikTok并未回應(yīng)《財(cái)富》雜志的置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。今年夏天,TikTok推出了一款Gen-AI廣告工具幫品牌制作視頻,TikTok的母公司,中國(guó)科技公司字節(jié)跳動(dòng)也為中國(guó)以外的用戶推出了各種AI應(yīng)用。

在“賬戶和隱私設(shè)置”下,TikTok表示會(huì)收集分析面部和語(yǔ)音信息,“以提高安全性和用戶體驗(yàn),推薦和調(diào)整內(nèi)容,并進(jìn)行分析和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)分類。”TikTok告知用戶,如果不想面部和語(yǔ)音被使用,就不要上傳自己的照片或視頻,已發(fā)布的照片或視頻也要?jiǎng)h除。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

You don’t have to let social media services harvest your data to train their generative AI, as many companies do these days. You can opt out—if you can figure out how.

The problem was hammered home last week when tech news site 404Media reported that LinkedIn had started training its AI on its users’ posts by default, without letting users know about the change. LinkedIn is relying on the data to train AI that will help users write their posts or to recommend content to them.

A social media platform hoovering up posts and personal information for their AI system isn’t entirely new. Meta has been harvesting Facebook and Instagram user data since last year, while X, formerly Twitter, has done the same since July.

TikTok, whose data policies are under scrutiny amid a possible U.S. ban, hasn’t clearly stated whether it harvests user data for any generative AI tools.

Social media companies have long been criticized for how they collect, use, and share user data. In a report on Thursday, the Federal Trade Commission called out social media services for their “vast surveillance” of users and “woefully inadequate” data controls.

What’s going on at LinkedIn

LinkedIn opted hundreds of millions of its users outside of the EU and the UK into its AI training push without specifically telling users about it. The company told 404Media on Wednesday that it will add new language to its terms of service “shortly.”

Earlier this month, LinkedIn made a broader update to its user policy, saying that when training AI, it will “seek to minimize personal data in the data sets used to train the models” by redacting or removing personal information such as suggested posts or messages, according to a LinkedIn explanation of the policy. LinkedIn said in a statement to Fortune that it doesn’t harvest direct messages, or messages sent privately between users.

LinkedIn Spokesperson Greg Snapper told Fortune that the company believes users should have control over their data.

“We’ve always used some form of automation in LinkedIn products, and we’ve always been clear that users have the choice about how their data is used,” he said.

How to opt out of LinkedIn’s data harvesting for AI

Opting out of LinkedIn’s data harvesting for AI requires visiting the service’s “Settings & Privacy” pages. They are accessible by clicking on your headshot in the upper right on a desktop computer, and then clicking on “Account.”

You must then click on “Data privacy” on the left sidebar, which brings up several options including “Data for Generative AI improvement.” To opt out, you toggle the switch next to the line that reads “Use my data for training content creation AI models.”

LinkedIn has turned on this option by default. It means your personal data and LinkedIn content is used to train “content creation AI models” — and not just for LinkedIn, but its “affiliates” as well.

LinkedIn is owned by Microsoft, which has also partnered on AI with OpenAI through Microsoft’s multi-billion dollar investment in the maker of ChatGPT. Some of LinkedIn’s models are provided by Microsoft’s Azure OpenAI service, according to LinkedIn’s FAQ.

But opting out of AI training does nothing to reverse the company’s collection of your data prior, and LinkedIn did not specify when it started harvesting user data to train AI.

“Opting out means that LinkedIn and its affiliates won’t use your personal data or content on LinkedIn to train models going forward, but does not affect training that has already taken place,” according to LinkedIn’s FAQ page.

If the multi-step process is too much, Cassie Kozyrkov, former chief decision scientist at Google, shared a one-click opt-out link with her followers that lets users avoid having to hunt for the appropriate page. In her post, Kozyrkov, who LinkedIn has designated a “top voice” with more than 600,000 followers, criticized LinkedIn for its data harvesting, saying it could “clone your posts without crediting you.”

How to opt out of X and Meta’s data harvesting for AI

As for other social media platforms, opting out of data harvesting involves a similarly complicated process to LinkedIn’s.

To opt out of X using your data to train its AI chatbot Grok, go to “Settings” on a desktop computer and select “Privacy and safety.” Then, under “Data sharing and Personalization,” select Grok. Here you can uncheck the box that permits data sharing. You can also select an option to delete your conversation history with Grok.

On this page, X explains that your posts, as well as interactions, prompts, and results with Grok are fair game for training and fine-tuning its AI model, and that they may be shared with Elon Musk’s xAI, which provides the chatbot to X. The chatbot is only available to paid users but is trained on any public posts.

It’s a trickier situation for Meta, which just last week acknowledged that it has used every public Facebook and Instagram post from non-EU users since 2007 to train its AI.

Since June, Meta has also been scraping interactions with chatbots on Facebook, Instagram, Threads, and WhatsApp to train AI. Currently, if you live in a country without a data privacy law, the only way to opt out of Meta using your posts for its AI training is to set your account to private. This does not protect against data harvesting of any public posts you appear in, or your own previous posts that were already scraped.

TikTok’s silence about AI training

TikTok did not respond to Fortune’s requests for comment about whether it builds generative AI models with user data. This summer, TikTok launched a genAI advertising tool for brands to create videos, and TikTok’s corporate owner, the Chinese tech company ByteDance, has launched various AI apps for users outside of China.

Under “Account and privacy settings,” TikTok says that it collects and analyzes face and voice information “to improve safety and user experience, to recommend and moderate content, and for analytics and demographic classification.” To stop your face and voice from being used, TikTok tells users not to upload any photos or videos of yourself and delete any that you’ve already posted.

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