狗狗可能經(jīng)?？袎男?，偷偷在地毯上撒尿，或者一扭頭就吞掉你的晚餐?？尚陆芯匡@示，狗狗其實(shí)比貓咪聰明太多。

美國(guó)范德堡大學(xué)的研究人員采取客觀測(cè)試方法，研究了一些狗狗貓貓的大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元，決心解開到底狗聰明還是貓聰明這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論已久的謎題。結(jié)果怎樣？原來犬類的大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元比貓科動(dòng)物多得多。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗擁有約5.3億大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元，貓只有2.5億，不到狗的一半。（人類大腦中皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元數(shù)量約為160億。）

范德堡大學(xué)心理學(xué)與生物學(xué)副教授蘇珊娜·赫庫(kù)藍(lán)諾-赫佐爾與世界各國(guó)研究人士合作，共同負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)研究。她表示：“我認(rèn)為，動(dòng)物的神經(jīng)元、特別是大腦皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元的絕對(duì)數(shù)量決定了思維豐富程度，以及根據(jù)既往經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)測(cè)身處環(huán)境的能力?！?

這項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告將發(fā)表在期刊《神經(jīng)科學(xué)前沿》上（美國(guó)社交新聞聚合網(wǎng)站reddit的網(wǎng)友肯定會(huì)群起而攻之，因?yàn)閞eddit是貓粉大本營(yíng)）。報(bào)告還指出，腦容量和總體智商不一定相關(guān)。舉例來說，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然棕熊的腦容量是貓的十倍，腦神經(jīng)元數(shù)量卻和貓相當(dāng)。（浣熊的智商也和貓不相上下。）

雖然研究有了結(jié)果，但別指望貓狗誰更聰明的爭(zhēng)議會(huì)就此打住。赫庫(kù)藍(lán)諾-赫佐爾也承認(rèn)，雖然研究是客觀的，她自己就有偏好。

“首先聲明，我絕對(duì)是愛狗之人，”她說，“對(duì)我來說新發(fā)現(xiàn)只是意味著，狗狗比貓咪能做更復(fù)雜也更靈活的事而已?！保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審稿：夏林

They might chew your shoes, occasionally pee on the rug, or snarf down your entire dinner the minute you turn your head, but it turns out your family dog is measurably smarter than your cat.

Researchers at Vanderbilt decided to put the age old debate to the test objectively, studying the number of cortical neurons in the brains of a number of animals. The results? Canines had a significantly higher number than felines.

Dogs, it turns out, have about 530 million cortical neurons. Cats have less than half that, coming in with 250 million. (We humans have about 16 billion.)

“I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has, especially in the cerebral cortex, determines the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience,” said Suzana Herculano-Houzel, associate professor of psychology and biological sciences at Vanderbilt, who oversaw the study with a collection of international researchers.

The paper, which will be published in the journal Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (and almost certainly maligned on reddit, the Internet’s haven for cat lovers), notes that the physical size of the brain doesn’t necessarily relate to overall intelligence. For example, researchers found that the brain of a brown bear, while 10 times as large as a cat’s, has roughly the same number of neurons. (Raccoons, also, are on par with cats when it comes to smarts.)

Despite the findings, don’t expect this argument to go away anytime soon. Herculano-Houzel herself admits that, while the study was objective, she herself does have a bit of a bias.

“I’m 100 percent a dog person,” she says, “but, with that disclaimer, our findings mean to me that dogs have the biological capability of doing much more complex and flexible things with their lives than cats can.”