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記憶力下降?可能因?yàn)樗卟蛔?

記憶力下降?可能因?yàn)樗卟蛔?

CHRIS MORRIS 2017-12-20
經(jīng)常失眠?這可能是你比以前更健忘的原因。

Astronaut Images Getty Images/Caiaimage

一項(xiàng)最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),老年人在深度睡眠時(shí)的腦電波協(xié)調(diào)性更差,這可能影響了他們存儲(chǔ)記憶的能力。雖然這些只是初步研究結(jié)果,但科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,這可能是解釋為什么即使未患阿爾茨海默癥和老年癡呆等病癥的老年人也很難保存短期記憶的關(guān)鍵。

這篇論文的作者之一、加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的神經(jīng)學(xué)與心理學(xué)教授馬特·沃克告訴NPR:“就像是一名鼓手錯(cuò)過(guò)了一個(gè)節(jié)拍。老年人的大腦似乎無(wú)法有效同步腦電波?!?

這項(xiàng)研究要求20名年輕成年人學(xué)習(xí)120對(duì)單詞,然后研究他們?cè)谒邥r(shí)的大腦活動(dòng),主要是慢波和快波之間的相互作用。第二天早上測(cè)試他們記住了多少對(duì)單詞。在兩種腦電波完美保持一致的時(shí)候,記憶效果最佳。而對(duì)60和70歲年齡段的32人進(jìn)行的類(lèi)似測(cè)試顯示,兩種腦電波的同步化失敗,導(dǎo)致大腦無(wú)法存儲(chǔ)記憶。

科學(xué)家們表示,為了確認(rèn)研究結(jié)果,他們需要在年輕人的大腦中復(fù)制這種失敗,確認(rèn)它們是否會(huì)對(duì)記憶力產(chǎn)生類(lèi)似影響。

下面是好消息: 如果這種理論最終得到證實(shí),研究人員表示,他們認(rèn)為通過(guò)透過(guò)頭皮的電磁脈沖,有可能使腦電波重新同步化,改善老年人的記憶。

這將對(duì)近500億美元的睡眠輔助行業(yè)(Research and Markets預(yù)測(cè)到2022年將達(dá)到800億美元)帶來(lái)破壞,包括睡眠跟蹤儀器到200美元的高科技睡衣。

改善睡眠模式不止有益于老年人,還能給職場(chǎng)帶來(lái)幫助。2016年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美國(guó)工作者的睡眠不足每年造成約4,110億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和120萬(wàn)個(gè)工作日損失。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

A new study finds that older people have less brain wave coordination in deep sleep—and that could be affecting their ability to store memories. While the results are still preliminary, scientists say this could be key to explaining why seniors sometimes have trouble retaining short-term memories even when they’re free of conditions like Alzheimer’s and dementia.

“It’s like a drummer that’s perhaps just one beat off the rhythm,” Matt Walker, one of the paper’s authors and a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley tells NPR. “The aging brain just doesn’t seem to be able to synchronize its brain waves effectively.”

The study had 20 young adults learn 120 pairs of words, then studied their brains as they slept, focusing on the interaction between slow and fast waves. The next morning, they were tested to see how many pairs they remembered. When waves coincided ideally, memories were sharp. A similar test of 32 people in their 60s and 70s showed that misfires in that synchronization prevented memories from being stored.

To confirm the findings, scientists say they’ll need to reproduce the misfires in younger brains to see if it affects their memories similarly.

Here’s the good news: If the theory is proven conclusively, researchers say they believe it’s possible to resync the brain waves and improve older memories, possibly by applying electrical or magnetic pulses through the scalp.

That could disrupt the nearly $50 billion sleep aid industry (which Research and Markets says will hit $80 billion by 2022), which ranges from sleep tracking gadgets to $200, high tech PJs.

Improved sleep patterns could move beyond seniors and help the workplace too. A 2016 study found that the lack of sleep among U.S. workers is costing roughly $411 billion and losing 1.2 million work days per year.

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