哈佛大學(xué)一項(xiàng)新研究認(rèn)為，想讓壽命延長(zhǎng)十多年，五個(gè)生活習(xí)慣可能是關(guān)鍵。而各項(xiàng)好習(xí)慣之中有一條特別重要，就是不吸煙。

該研究發(fā)表在醫(yī)學(xué)期刊Circulation上，文中提到五種有助于顯著延長(zhǎng)壽命的行為：不吸煙、保持健康的身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)（BMI）、避免過多飲酒、適度鍛煉，以及規(guī)律飲食。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果能堅(jiān)持五種健康習(xí)慣，男性和女性的壽命分別能延長(zhǎng)12.2歲和14歲。（需要注意的是，這個(gè)結(jié)論來自觀察性的研究，并無(wú)隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)，存在相關(guān)性并不代表堅(jiān)持五種習(xí)慣就可以長(zhǎng)壽。）不過各健康習(xí)慣中，拒絕吸煙和煙草制品已被一再證明是延年益壽的有效方法，至少可以降低英年早逝的幾率。

讓我們看看疾病預(yù)防控制中心（CDC）的解釋。CDC稱：“吸煙會(huì)誘發(fā)癌癥、心臟病、中風(fēng)、肺病、糖尿病，以及肺氣腫和慢性支氣管炎等慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）?！?

更宏觀來看，據(jù)估算美國(guó)有1600萬(wàn)人或多或少因吸煙身患疾病。而且導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人死亡最多的疾病均與吸煙有關(guān)：心臟?。绹?guó)頭號(hào)殺手）、癌癥（排名第二的美國(guó)殺手）和COPD（排名第三的美國(guó)殺手）。

這可能是新近研究認(rèn)為不吸煙有助于長(zhǎng)壽的原因。其他研究也顯示，規(guī)律飲食和堅(jiān)持鍛煉與延年益壽與健康生活關(guān)系密切，不過避免吸煙仍然是防止早逝和延長(zhǎng)壽命的最有效方式。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審稿：夏林

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A new study by Harvard researchers suggests that five lifestyle habits may be key to extending life expectancy by more than 10 years. But one of the longevity-boosting habits is especially important for living longer—staying away from smoking and tobacco.

The research published in the medical journal Circulation cites five behaviors associated with significantly longer life: not smoking, keeping a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI), avoiding excess alcohol consumption, moderate-to-vigorous exercise, and keeping a healthy diet. Sticking to all five of those healthy habits was associated with 12.2 years of longer life for men and 14 years of longer life expectancy for women, according to the researchers. (Ok, this is a good time to note the caveat that this was an observational study and not a randomized clinical trial, and that correlation isn’t the same as causation.) Out of all these behaviors, however, avoiding smoking and tobacco products has been proven time and time again to be the most effective way to live longer—or at the very least avoid dying at an unnecessarily premature age.

Let’s let the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) explain exactly why. “Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis,” writes the agency.

On a larger scale, that amounts to an estimated 16 million Americans living with a disease caused by smoking in some way or another. And it checks all of the big-name killing boxes: heart disease (the number one killer of Americans), cancer (the number two killer of Americans), and COPD (the number three killer of Americans).

That’s a likely reason why the criteria in the latest study included avoiding smoking altogether. While the other associations surrounding diet and exercise have also shown strong associations with longer life expectancy and more healthy lives, avoiding smoking remains the single most powerful way to prevent an early death and extend life, according to multiple large-scale analyses.