我們必須正視氣候變化給全球帶來的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),解決這一問題已經(jīng)刻不容緩。像雀巢(Nestlé)這樣擁有全球足跡和龐大供應(yīng)鏈的企業(yè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期繁榮,必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待氣候變化對(duì)人類文明構(gòu)成的威脅。
雀巢一直致力于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候挑戰(zhàn),引領(lǐng)行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,不過我還是希望借此機(jī)會(huì)躬身自省,介紹一些實(shí)際狀況。
雖然雀巢在氣候工作上投入了大量資源,但這種投入不能被視為一種贈(zèng)予或企業(yè)慈善行為,歸根到底,雀巢還是一家企業(yè),在開展工作時(shí)必須考慮社會(huì)效益,也就是說,既要保護(hù)環(huán)境,又要維護(hù)股東的利益。像雀巢這樣的企業(yè)必須在當(dāng)下與未來之間尋求一種微妙的平衡。
我們清楚,這種做法可能既無法完全獲得環(huán)保主義者的認(rèn)可,也無法讓投資者完全滿意,但要想在短期期望與長(zhǎng)期期望之間獲得平衡,只有務(wù)實(shí)的計(jì)劃才有可能取得成功。為此,我們將制定延伸目標(biāo),創(chuàng)造投資空間,在跨越轉(zhuǎn)型成本高峰的同時(shí)獲取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
對(duì)雀巢這類擁有龐大規(guī)模和影響力的企業(yè)而言,首先就是要大膽、透明地發(fā)揮行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的作用。雀巢的業(yè)務(wù)幾乎遍布世界各國(guó),其一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)對(duì)食品行業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響。我們也從未對(duì)自己的責(zé)任等閑視之,無論政治風(fēng)向如何轉(zhuǎn)變,雀巢始終堅(jiān)定不移地支持《巴黎協(xié)定》(Paris Agreement),承諾到2030年將溫室氣體排放量減半,到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放,并公開了相關(guān)細(xì)則。
雖然很想只講我們?cè)诃h(huán)保上的投入,但事實(shí)是,我們?cè)谕渡憝h(huán)保的同時(shí),也兼顧了業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng),讓我們?cè)谂c同行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)了優(yōu)勢(shì)。當(dāng)今社會(huì),消費(fèi)者對(duì)環(huán)境管理和透明度越發(fā)重視已經(jīng)是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。企業(yè)如果無視消費(fèi)者的需求,消費(fèi)者就會(huì)無視企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品。從積極的方面來看,在環(huán)保領(lǐng)域采取大膽且有意義的行動(dòng)也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),推動(dòng)企業(yè)市場(chǎng)份額和業(yè)績(jī)的增長(zhǎng)。在低通脹、零利率的世界中,保持強(qiáng)勁的有機(jī)增長(zhǎng)正是雀巢這樣的企業(yè)所看重的終極價(jià)值驅(qū)動(dòng)。
只有為此類項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)造投資空間,雀巢才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己在環(huán)保方面的抱負(fù)。相較于使用現(xiàn)行解決方案的老產(chǎn)品,使用全新升級(jí)版氣候友好型解決方案的新產(chǎn)品價(jià)格確實(shí)更高,雀巢也因此需要承擔(dān)巨大的過渡成本,(但雀巢依然選擇在啟用新解決方案上扮演先行者的角色,)因?yàn)槿绻皇堑却齼r(jià)格下降,那么我們將在環(huán)保工作上毫無建樹,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致惡性循環(huán),阻礙新技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。這是各行各業(yè)所面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí),如果我們不解決這個(gè)問題,我們也將無法解決氣候變化問題。
為實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體零排放投入的前期成本與包括研發(fā)成本在內(nèi)的其它前瞻性支出并無本質(zhì)差異,沒有這些投入,企業(yè)就會(huì)逐漸走向衰敗,但這也并不意味著企業(yè)在投資上可以隨心所欲。投資規(guī)模必須經(jīng)過認(rèn)真核算。企業(yè)在降低內(nèi)部成本時(shí)必須要有針對(duì)性,這樣才能夠在將資源轉(zhuǎn)移到氣候工作的過程中不至于損害短期收益。支出規(guī)模也需要提前溝通。此外,企業(yè)絕對(duì)不可以將此種支出當(dāng)作營(yíng)收損失的借口,否則可能會(huì)動(dòng)搖投資者對(duì)企業(yè)的信任和信心。這種平衡頗為微妙,做起來也殊為不易,不過好在數(shù)字化讓全球幾乎所有企業(yè)都顯著提升了工作效率,也讓我們有了推動(dòng)相關(guān)工作的新方式。
無論是研發(fā)項(xiàng)目、廣告活動(dòng),還是改善公司環(huán)境足跡的環(huán)保項(xiàng)目,在面向未來的項(xiàng)目上保持較高的平均成功率一直是公司管理成功的標(biāo)志。投資者將此類挑戰(zhàn)稱之為“實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,有些公司更善于應(yīng)對(duì)此類挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)然,萬事開頭難,最初幾年我們可能會(huì)付出巨大卻收獲甚少,但這樣的階段終將過去,我們也終將能夠引進(jìn)、推廣相關(guān)技術(shù),為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化提供支持。
投身環(huán)保除了可以贏得消費(fèi)者的青睞、實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)績(jī)?cè)鲩L(zhǎng),還能夠帶來許多其它好處。環(huán)保意識(shí)薄弱的企業(yè)或?qū)⒚媾R越來越高的稅負(fù)和監(jiān)管,沿用傳統(tǒng)模式開展經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的企業(yè),其成本也會(huì)越來越高,因此我們?cè)谕顿Y環(huán)保項(xiàng)目時(shí)也需要將上述因素納入考量。另外一個(gè)需要考慮的因素則是資本成本:對(duì)所有上市公司來說,將環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入主流投資基金決策的步伐正在加快?!熬G色投資”曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)細(xì)分市場(chǎng),但正在迅速成為趨勢(shì)。可以肯定的是,隨著時(shí)間的推移,所有行業(yè)的落后者都將付出代價(jià)。
推動(dòng)環(huán)保對(duì)員工士氣和敬業(yè)程度的積極作用也不得不提。作為一名企業(yè)管理者,我發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有什么能夠比“造福未來”更可以激發(fā)員工的工作積極性。用心做好對(duì)世界有益之事將讓我們?cè)跔?zhēng)取全球頂尖人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
邁克爾·詹森是我在哈佛商學(xué)院(Harvard Business School)最喜歡的教授,他是一位受人尊敬的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,只是有時(shí)有些特立獨(dú)行。他一直主張,我們不應(yīng)該將人群劃分為“股東”對(duì)“利益相關(guān)者”這種“對(duì)立關(guān)系”,而應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)起來,攜手實(shí)現(xiàn)“開明的價(jià)值最大化”,包括達(dá)成通過適當(dāng)方式量化的相關(guān)社會(huì)目標(biāo)。在2000年出版的一本書中,詹森教授寫道:“很明顯,如果我們忽視或損害了任何重要人群的利益,那么我們就無法實(shí)現(xiàn)組織長(zhǎng)期市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的最大化?!?/p>
對(duì)于像我們這樣全力應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的跨國(guó)企業(yè),這是商業(yè)活動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵所在,更是企業(yè)應(yīng)該履行的道德責(zé)任。對(duì)雀巢而言,善待地球就是為消費(fèi)者、供應(yīng)商、世界各地的社區(qū)以及地球本身提供服務(wù)。
做好這些事,我們也將為股東創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
馬克·施奈德是雀巢集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官。
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
我們必須正視氣候變化給全球帶來的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),解決這一問題已經(jīng)刻不容緩。像雀巢(Nestlé)這樣擁有全球足跡和龐大供應(yīng)鏈的企業(yè)要實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期繁榮,必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待氣候變化對(duì)人類文明構(gòu)成的威脅。
雀巢一直致力于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候挑戰(zhàn),引領(lǐng)行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,不過我還是希望借此機(jī)會(huì)躬身自省,介紹一些實(shí)際狀況。
雖然雀巢在氣候工作上投入了大量資源,但這種投入不能被視為一種贈(zèng)予或企業(yè)慈善行為,歸根到底,雀巢還是一家企業(yè),在開展工作時(shí)必須考慮社會(huì)效益,也就是說,既要保護(hù)環(huán)境,又要維護(hù)股東的利益。像雀巢這樣的企業(yè)必須在當(dāng)下與未來之間尋求一種微妙的平衡。
我們清楚,這種做法可能既無法完全獲得環(huán)保主義者的認(rèn)可,也無法讓投資者完全滿意,但要想在短期期望與長(zhǎng)期期望之間獲得平衡,只有務(wù)實(shí)的計(jì)劃才有可能取得成功。為此,我們將制定延伸目標(biāo),創(chuàng)造投資空間,在跨越轉(zhuǎn)型成本高峰的同時(shí)獲取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
對(duì)雀巢這類擁有龐大規(guī)模和影響力的企業(yè)而言,首先就是要大膽、透明地發(fā)揮行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的作用。雀巢的業(yè)務(wù)幾乎遍布世界各國(guó),其一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)對(duì)食品行業(yè)產(chǎn)生影響。我們也從未對(duì)自己的責(zé)任等閑視之,無論政治風(fēng)向如何轉(zhuǎn)變,雀巢始終堅(jiān)定不移地支持《巴黎協(xié)定》(Paris Agreement),承諾到2030年將溫室氣體排放量減半,到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放,并公開了相關(guān)細(xì)則。
雖然很想只講我們?cè)诃h(huán)保上的投入,但事實(shí)是,我們?cè)谕渡憝h(huán)保的同時(shí),也兼顧了業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng),讓我們?cè)谂c同行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)了優(yōu)勢(shì)。當(dāng)今社會(huì),消費(fèi)者對(duì)環(huán)境管理和透明度越發(fā)重視已經(jīng)是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。企業(yè)如果無視消費(fèi)者的需求,消費(fèi)者就會(huì)無視企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品。從積極的方面來看,在環(huán)保領(lǐng)域采取大膽且有意義的行動(dòng)也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),推動(dòng)企業(yè)市場(chǎng)份額和業(yè)績(jī)的增長(zhǎng)。在低通脹、零利率的世界中,保持強(qiáng)勁的有機(jī)增長(zhǎng)正是雀巢這樣的企業(yè)所看重的終極價(jià)值驅(qū)動(dòng)。
只有為此類項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)造投資空間,雀巢才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己在環(huán)保方面的抱負(fù)。相較于使用現(xiàn)行解決方案的老產(chǎn)品,使用全新升級(jí)版氣候友好型解決方案的新產(chǎn)品價(jià)格確實(shí)更高,雀巢也因此需要承擔(dān)巨大的過渡成本,(但雀巢依然選擇在啟用新解決方案上扮演先行者的角色,)因?yàn)槿绻皇堑却齼r(jià)格下降,那么我們將在環(huán)保工作上毫無建樹,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致惡性循環(huán),阻礙新技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。這是各行各業(yè)所面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí),如果我們不解決這個(gè)問題,我們也將無法解決氣候變化問題。
為實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體零排放投入的前期成本與包括研發(fā)成本在內(nèi)的其它前瞻性支出并無本質(zhì)差異,沒有這些投入,企業(yè)就會(huì)逐漸走向衰敗,但這也并不意味著企業(yè)在投資上可以隨心所欲。投資規(guī)模必須經(jīng)過認(rèn)真核算。企業(yè)在降低內(nèi)部成本時(shí)必須要有針對(duì)性,這樣才能夠在將資源轉(zhuǎn)移到氣候工作的過程中不至于損害短期收益。支出規(guī)模也需要提前溝通。此外,企業(yè)絕對(duì)不可以將此種支出當(dāng)作營(yíng)收損失的借口,否則可能會(huì)動(dòng)搖投資者對(duì)企業(yè)的信任和信心。這種平衡頗為微妙,做起來也殊為不易,不過好在數(shù)字化讓全球幾乎所有企業(yè)都顯著提升了工作效率,也讓我們有了推動(dòng)相關(guān)工作的新方式。
無論是研發(fā)項(xiàng)目、廣告活動(dòng),還是改善公司環(huán)境足跡的環(huán)保項(xiàng)目,在面向未來的項(xiàng)目上保持較高的平均成功率一直是公司管理成功的標(biāo)志。投資者將此類挑戰(zhàn)稱之為“實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,有些公司更善于應(yīng)對(duì)此類挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)然,萬事開頭難,最初幾年我們可能會(huì)付出巨大卻收獲甚少,但這樣的階段終將過去,我們也終將能夠引進(jìn)、推廣相關(guān)技術(shù),為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化提供支持。
投身環(huán)保除了可以贏得消費(fèi)者的青睞、實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)績(jī)?cè)鲩L(zhǎng),還能夠帶來許多其它好處。環(huán)保意識(shí)薄弱的企業(yè)或?qū)⒚媾R越來越高的稅負(fù)和監(jiān)管,沿用傳統(tǒng)模式開展經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的企業(yè),其成本也會(huì)越來越高,因此我們?cè)谕顿Y環(huán)保項(xiàng)目時(shí)也需要將上述因素納入考量。另外一個(gè)需要考慮的因素則是資本成本:對(duì)所有上市公司來說,將環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入主流投資基金決策的步伐正在加快。“綠色投資”曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)細(xì)分市場(chǎng),但正在迅速成為趨勢(shì)??梢钥隙ǖ氖?,隨著時(shí)間的推移,所有行業(yè)的落后者都將付出代價(jià)。
推動(dòng)環(huán)保對(duì)員工士氣和敬業(yè)程度的積極作用也不得不提。作為一名企業(yè)管理者,我發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有什么能夠比“造福未來”更可以激發(fā)員工的工作積極性。用心做好對(duì)世界有益之事將讓我們?cè)跔?zhēng)取全球頂尖人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
邁克爾·詹森是我在哈佛商學(xué)院(Harvard Business School)最喜歡的教授,他是一位受人尊敬的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,只是有時(shí)有些特立獨(dú)行。他一直主張,我們不應(yīng)該將人群劃分為“股東”對(duì)“利益相關(guān)者”這種“對(duì)立關(guān)系”,而應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)起來,攜手實(shí)現(xiàn)“開明的價(jià)值最大化”,包括達(dá)成通過適當(dāng)方式量化的相關(guān)社會(huì)目標(biāo)。在2000年出版的一本書中,詹森教授寫道:“很明顯,如果我們忽視或損害了任何重要人群的利益,那么我們就無法實(shí)現(xiàn)組織長(zhǎng)期市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的最大化?!?/font>
對(duì)于像我們這樣全力應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的跨國(guó)企業(yè),這是商業(yè)活動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵所在,更是企業(yè)應(yīng)該履行的道德責(zé)任。對(duì)雀巢而言,善待地球就是為消費(fèi)者、供應(yīng)商、世界各地的社區(qū)以及地球本身提供服務(wù)。
做好這些事,我們也將為股東創(chuàng)造價(jià)值。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
馬克·施奈德是雀巢集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官。
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
The global challenge of climate change is no longer the can that can be kicked down the road. Businesses like Nestlé, with a global footprint and vast supply chains, need to take the threat climate change poses to our civilization seriously to prosper in the long term.
Nestlé is committed to stepping up to the challenge and leading our industry toward a sustainable future, but it’s time for some soul-searching—and some truth-telling.
While our climate work is costly, it cannot be viewed as a giveaway or as corporate philanthropy. We are, after all, a business. We must deliver within the parameters of our society, and that means delivering for our environment and for our shareholders. The tension that businesses like ours must navigate is between today and tomorrow.
We know that managing this tension may not fully satisfy environmentalists or investors at any given moment. A viable plan requires pragmatism, as we balance near-term and long-term expectations. We plan to do this by leading with stretch targets, creating oxygen to invest, getting over the hump of transition costs, and gaining a competitive advantage.
The first step for a company of our size and reach is to lead boldly and transparently. Nestlé operates in nearly every country in the world, and the decisions we make can drive change in the food industry. We do not take that responsibility lightly. We have never wavered in our support for the Paris Agreement—no matter how the political winds have shifted—and we have publicly detailed our commitment to halve our greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.
Though it’s tempting to end this thought right there, the truth is we’re doing all of this in a way that will allow us to grow our businesses and edge ahead of our competitors. For consumer-facing businesses like ours, it’s clear that consumers are putting more and more emphasis on environmental stewardship and transparency. Ignore their needs and they will ignore our products. On the positive side, bold and meaningful action in this space can become a competitive advantage, contributing to improved market share and growth. And sustaining strong organic growth in a low-inflation, zero interest rate world is the ultimate value driver for a business like ours.
Nestlé can only deliver on our environmental ambitions if we create the space to invest in these efforts. There will be significant transition costs, as the first unit of new and improved climate-friendly solutions are more expensive than the last unit of what is currently in place. Waiting until costs come down will result in no action, a vicious cycle that will prevent new technologies from scaling up. This is the reality facing businesses in every industry, and we will fail to address climate change if we do not solve for this.
The upfront costs of seeking greenhouse-gas neutrality are no different than other types of forward-looking expenditures, such as R&D spending. Without them, a business will wither. This does not mean businesses can invest heedlessly. The size of the spend must be carefully calibrated. Internal savings will need to be targeted so resources can be shifted toward climate work without hurting near-term profits. Spending levels need to be communicated upfront. Never use this type of spend to justify an earnings miss, unless you aim to destroy investor trust and confidence. This is a tricky balancing act, but there is good news—digitalization offers significant efficiency improvements to almost every business on the planet, which means new ways to power progress.
Keeping your batting average high on future-focused projects has always been the hallmark of successful company management—it does not matter whether we are talking about R&D projects, advertising campaigns, or improving the environmental footprint of the company. Investors call this challenge “implementation risk,” and some companies will be better at handling it than others. After a few years, the initial hump—lots of effort but no results yet to show—will be overcome, and we will be able to usher in and scale technologies that will help to address climate change.
In addition to consumer favor and growth, there is more upside to this path. Climate laggards risk being increasingly taxed and regulated by governments. The cost of doing business as usual is going up and needs to be properly reflected when pondering climate-friendly investments. And let’s not forget the cost of capital: For all public companies, the inclusion of environmental criteria into mainstream investment fund decisions is gathering pace. “Green investing” used to be a niche but is fast becoming the standard. It is safe to assume that laggards in all industries will pay a price over time.
Did I mention employee morale and engagement? Over my years in corporate leadership, I’ve seen that little else gets people as energized as helping to future-proof life on our planet. Doing good and doing well gives us an edge in the global race for top talent.
My favorite professor at Harvard Business School was Michael Jensen, the esteemed, if sometimes maverick, economist. He has been arguing for a generation that, instead of “shareholder versus stakeholder,” we should aim for “enlightened value maximization,” which includes properly quantified and relevant societal goals. “It is obvious that we cannot maximize the long-term market value of an organization if we ignore or mistreat any important constituency,” Jensen wrote in 2000.
This is the crux of the business case—never mind the moral imperative—for a global company like ours going all in on climate change. Doing right by the planet will ultimately mean that Nestlé will be serving our consumers, suppliers, communities around the world, and the Earth itself.
And by doing things right, we will be serving our shareholders, too.
Mark Schneider is the chief executive officer at Nestlé.