多給一小時(shí)帶薪病假，可以讓員工更長壽
Alexa Mikhail
2022-09-10
一位專家說，休帶薪病假讓員工有機(jī)會優(yōu)先考慮自己的健康。圖片來源：GETTY IMAGES
一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，你供職的公司提供多長時(shí)間的帶薪病假可能會影響你的壽命。
這項(xiàng)研究于今年8月發(fā)表在《美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》（American Journal of Preventive Medicine）上，將美國某個(gè)縣的死亡率與法律要求雇主提供的病假小時(shí)數(shù)進(jìn)行了比較。該研究僅調(diào)查了1999年至2019年期間自殺等“外部作用”導(dǎo)致的死亡。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使多休一小時(shí)帶薪病假，也能夠降低員工的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對于沒有帶薪病假相關(guān)規(guī)定的地區(qū)，該研究還預(yù)測了如果實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性帶薪休假政策，死亡率將如何變化。
有帶薪病假相關(guān)法律的縣一般規(guī)定每年可以休40小時(shí)帶薪病假，盡管有些縣提供的帶薪病假時(shí)間少至20小時(shí)，多至80小時(shí)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果“受先占先買權(quán)法約束”的較大縣規(guī)定能夠休40小時(shí)病假，這將禁止地方當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行當(dāng)?shù)氐膸讲〖僬?，員工的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能就會降低5%以上。該研究指出，如果人們需要休假，那么沒有帶薪病假就會增加意外失業(yè)的幾率，從而導(dǎo)致心理健康問題，增加自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
這項(xiàng)研究的作者、雪城大學(xué)（Syracuse University）的老齡化研究所（Aging Studies Institute）的研究教授道格拉斯·沃爾夫（Douglas Wolf）表示，由于無法優(yōu)先考慮身心健康，加上一些人獲得醫(yī)療保健的途徑有限，這些壓力可能會使人們面臨一系列風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
“很多人供職的公司沒有帶薪病假，那么因?yàn)椴〉锰責(zé)o法工作而請假是非常危險(xiǎn)的?！蔽譅柗蛘f?！叭绻悴〉锰?zé)o法工作，你就會失去工作，這種想法本身就是壓力的來源。”
壓力本身會損害身心健康，并導(dǎo)致原本可以預(yù)防的疾病。沃爾夫稱，能夠休帶薪病假的人可以更好地獲得治療，包括與工作或生活壓力相關(guān)的各種心理健康問題，這可能會對該縣的死亡率產(chǎn)生更普遍的影響。
沃爾夫指出：“事實(shí)上，最有可能發(fā)生的政策變化是，一個(gè)沒有帶薪病假規(guī)定的地方通過法律，要求雇主每年提供40小時(shí)的帶薪病假。從沒有帶薪病假，變成有40小時(shí)帶薪病假，這種重大變化預(yù)計(jì)將產(chǎn)生重大影響。”
Delivering Happiness公司的首席執(zhí)行官、暢銷書《超越幸福》（Beyond Happiness）的作者詹恩·林表示，在“安靜辭職”時(shí)代，員工根據(jù)獲得的報(bào)酬完成相應(yīng)的工作，雇主必須將員工視為“人”而不是“機(jī)器中的齒輪”，并建立有助于減少倦怠和壓力的工作環(huán)境。
詹恩·林說：“多年來，員工們一直被要求在公司門口管理自己的情緒。我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究是支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)之一，表明帶薪休假對我們的身心健康都很重要。多休一小時(shí)帶薪病假更多的是允許員工關(guān)心自己的健康，而不是這一小時(shí)本身?！?/p>
沃爾夫認(rèn)為，帶薪病假會產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)，不僅讓員工有時(shí)間優(yōu)先考慮自己的健康，還讓員工有時(shí)間優(yōu)先考慮整個(gè)家庭。
最終，詹恩·林指出，目的是要改變關(guān)于病假的論調(diào)。一旦政策到位，雇主就應(yīng)該帶頭休假。
詹恩·林說：“如果公司沒有休帶薪病假的文化，那么僅僅有帶薪病假政策就是難以達(dá)到初衷的?！保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng)）
譯者：中慧言-王芳
一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，你供職的公司提供多長時(shí)間的帶薪病假可能會影響你的壽命。
這項(xiàng)研究于今年8月發(fā)表在《美國預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》（American Journal of Preventive Medicine）上，將美國某個(gè)縣的死亡率與法律要求雇主提供的病假小時(shí)數(shù)進(jìn)行了比較。該研究僅調(diào)查了1999年至2019年期間自殺等“外部作用”導(dǎo)致的死亡。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使多休一小時(shí)帶薪病假，也能夠降低員工的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對于沒有帶薪病假相關(guān)規(guī)定的地區(qū)，該研究還預(yù)測了如果實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性帶薪休假政策，死亡率將如何變化。
有帶薪病假相關(guān)法律的縣一般規(guī)定每年可以休40小時(shí)帶薪病假，盡管有些縣提供的帶薪病假時(shí)間少至20小時(shí)，多至80小時(shí)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果“受先占先買權(quán)法約束”的較大縣規(guī)定能夠休40小時(shí)病假，這將禁止地方當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行當(dāng)?shù)氐膸讲〖僬?，員工的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能就會降低5%以上。該研究指出，如果人們需要休假，那么沒有帶薪病假就會增加意外失業(yè)的幾率，從而導(dǎo)致心理健康問題，增加自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
這項(xiàng)研究的作者、雪城大學(xué)（Syracuse University）的老齡化研究所（Aging Studies Institute）的研究教授道格拉斯·沃爾夫（Douglas Wolf）表示，由于無法優(yōu)先考慮身心健康，加上一些人獲得醫(yī)療保健的途徑有限，這些壓力可能會使人們面臨一系列風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
“很多人供職的公司沒有帶薪病假，那么因?yàn)椴〉锰責(zé)o法工作而請假是非常危險(xiǎn)的。”沃爾夫說?！叭绻悴〉锰?zé)o法工作，你就會失去工作，這種想法本身就是壓力的來源?！?/p>
壓力本身會損害身心健康，并導(dǎo)致原本可以預(yù)防的疾病。沃爾夫稱，能夠休帶薪病假的人可以更好地獲得治療，包括與工作或生活壓力相關(guān)的各種心理健康問題，這可能會對該縣的死亡率產(chǎn)生更普遍的影響。
沃爾夫指出：“事實(shí)上，最有可能發(fā)生的政策變化是，一個(gè)沒有帶薪病假規(guī)定的地方通過法律，要求雇主每年提供40小時(shí)的帶薪病假。從沒有帶薪病假，變成有40小時(shí)帶薪病假，這種重大變化預(yù)計(jì)將產(chǎn)生重大影響?！?/p>
Delivering Happiness公司的首席執(zhí)行官、暢銷書《超越幸?！罚˙eyond Happiness）的作者詹恩·林表示，在“安靜辭職”時(shí)代，員工根據(jù)獲得的報(bào)酬完成相應(yīng)的工作，雇主必須將員工視為“人”而不是“機(jī)器中的齒輪”，并建立有助于減少倦怠和壓力的工作環(huán)境。
詹恩·林說：“多年來，員工們一直被要求在公司門口管理自己的情緒。我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究是支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)之一，表明帶薪休假對我們的身心健康都很重要。多休一小時(shí)帶薪病假更多的是允許員工關(guān)心自己的健康，而不是這一小時(shí)本身。”
沃爾夫認(rèn)為，帶薪病假會產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)，不僅讓員工有時(shí)間優(yōu)先考慮自己的健康，還讓員工有時(shí)間優(yōu)先考慮整個(gè)家庭。
最終，詹恩·林指出，目的是要改變關(guān)于病假的論調(diào)。一旦政策到位，雇主就應(yīng)該帶頭休假。
詹恩·林說：“如果公司沒有休帶薪病假的文化，那么僅僅有帶薪病假政策就是難以達(dá)到初衷的?！?/p>
譯者：中慧言-王芳
How much paid sick leave your company offers may affect your life span, a new study suggests.
The study, published in August in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, compared a U.S. county’s death rate to the number of hours of sick leave employers were required by law to provide. It examined solely “external” mortality causes, such as suicide, between 1999 and 2019. The researchers found that even one additional hour of paid sick leave was associated with a lower risk of dying. For areas without paid sick leave, the study also predicted how mortality rates would change if a mandated paid leave policy was in place.
Forty hours of paid sick leave per year is standard for counties that have paid sick leave laws, though some offer as little as 20 and as many as 80 hours. The study found that if a 40-hour sick leave requirement was enacted in larger counties “constrained by preemption laws,” which prohibit local authorities from mandating paid sick leave, mortality risk may decrease by over 5%. The study notes that a lack of paid sick leave can increase the chances of unexpected job loss if people need time away from work, and therefore lead to mental health issues and an increased risk of suicide.
The stress of not being able to prioritize physical and mental health compounded by limited access to health care for some can put people at a range of risks, says Douglas Wolf, author of the study and research professor at the Aging Studies Institute at Syracuse University.
“Lots of people are employed in jobs where sick pay is not available and taking a day off because you’re too sick to work is very risky,” Wolf says. “The thought that you would lose your job if you’re too sick to work is itself a source of stress.”
It’s the stress itself that can strain physical and mental health and lead to illnesses that could have otherwise been prevented. People with paid sick leave are better able to access treatment, including for various mental health issues associated with work or life stress, Wolf says, that can affect the county’s death rates more generally.
“The most likely policy change that would happen, in reality, is that a place in which there is no requirement for paid sick leave passes a law that requires employers to provide 40 hours per year,” Wolf says. “The change from zero to 40 is a big one, and would be predicted to have big consequences.”
In the era of quiet quitting—in which employees perform only to the extent they are compensated, it’s vital for employers to see their workers as “human beings” rather than “cogs in a machine” and put systems in place that help decrease burnout and stress, says Jenn Lim, CEO of Delivering Happiness and bestselling author of Beyond Happiness.
“Employees have been asked to check their emotions at the door for years,” says Lim. “I see this study as one of the supporting data points to show that having paid time off is significant to our mental and physical health. The extra hour is more about giving permission for employees to care for their well-being than the hour itself,” Lim says.
And paid sick leave has a ripple effect, granting not only time for employees to prioritize their health but their whole family unit, Wolf says.
Ultimately, Lim says, it’s about changing the tone around taking sick leave. Once policies are in place, employers should model making use of the time off.
“It’s not enough to just have paid time off if the culture forbids using it,” Lim says.
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