小時候,在自駕游時,我姐姐總是惱怒地推我一把,因為她能夠聽到我的耳機里傳來的音樂聲。我相信我不是唯一一個在聽音樂時把音量調得有點大的人。也許你已經(jīng)無視那些在地鐵里盯著你看的人,他們可以清楚地聽到你耳機里播放的搖滾樂即興演奏會,或者你父母對你的警告:持續(xù)的音樂節(jié)奏可能對你的耳膜有害。新的研究重申了這種擔憂,并指出全球超過10億青壯年和青少年可能因為他們的個人收聽設備(PLDs)或耳機,或者參加音樂會等娛樂場所活動而面臨聽力損失的風險。
該研究的作者、南卡羅來納醫(yī)科大學(Medical University of South Carolina)的博士后研究員勞倫·迪拉德博士對《財富》雜志表示:“很多人顯然都過度暴露于噪音環(huán)境,這可能會對他們的健康產生不利影響?!彼f,長期暴露于高強度噪音環(huán)境中會損害聽力。
這項研究于11月15日發(fā)表在《BMJ全球衛(wèi)生》(BMJ Global Health)上,分析了過去20年里30多項與不良聽力習慣有關的研究,這些習慣包括戴耳機或者參加很吵的娛樂活動。在分析中,不良聽力習慣盛行,24%源于戴耳機,近50%源于前往嘈雜的娛樂場合。共有20個國家的近2萬名12歲至34歲的參與者參與了這項研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),全球各地有6.7億至13.5億的年輕人可能因為戴耳機或者暴露在嘈雜的場所而面臨聽力損失的風險。
該研究尚未完全掌握娛樂噪音是否會直接導致永久性聽力損失,但根據(jù)研究,自主暴露于噪音,比如聽音樂的音量有多高,與“聽力閾值的變化”之間存在關聯(lián)。迪拉德稱,戴耳機或者參加很吵的音樂會可能會導致耳鳴,即耳朵里會有嗡嗡聲或暫時性聽力喪失。如果聽力恢復正常,人們可能就會忽略這種暫時的嗡嗡聲。然而,一些研究表明,隨著時間的推移,暴露與噪音環(huán)境會損害感覺細胞,盡管可能需要幾年時間才能夠注意到任何實質性的變化。
她說:“這是一種漸進的過程,所以立即判別出來這種癥狀未必容易做到。從長遠來看,你可能會面臨永久性損傷的風險?!?/p>
智能手機的普及讓持續(xù)使用耳機變成常態(tài),世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)發(fā)出警告稱,近年來面臨聽力損失風險的年輕人數(shù)量可能有所增加。世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)現(xiàn),近50%的青壯年或青少年在使用耳機時音量調得過高,并且于2015年推出了“注重收聽安全”(Make Listening Safe)的活動,以推廣安全收聽習慣;監(jiān)測和限制收聽音量、收聽時長和收聽頻率。那么,什么級別的音量才是安全的呢?
與高音量相比,低音量可以聽更長的時間。例如,根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議,地鐵的聲音每天只應該聽15分鐘。一般的指導意見是80分貝(dB)的聲音每周能夠聽40個小時,但這個建議可能因地區(qū)而異。如果你要聽92分貝的聲音(可以通過耳機聽),那么就應該控制在每周2.5小時。
當你聽音樂的音量太高時,iPhone的健康應用程序還會提醒你。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議,這款健康應用程序上的暴露限值是75分貝的聲音每周能夠聽127小時,80分貝的聲音每周可以聽40小時,或者110分貝的聲音每周能夠聽2分鐘。因為耳機里的音樂可以達到100分貝或者更高,音量應該在很少情況下調到最大。許多人用耳機聽音樂時的音量超過75分貝,而酒吧、俱樂部和音樂會的嘈雜聲超過100分貝。
作者寫道:“政府、行業(yè)和民間社會迫切需要推廣安全收聽習慣來預防全球聽力損失,這是優(yōu)先事項?!?/p>
近年來,預防聽力損失的工作取得了進展。迪拉德希望人們意識到,他們有能力改變收聽習慣,以幫助降低聽力損失的風險。參加嘈雜的活動時戴上耳塞,如果可能的話就戴上降噪耳機,把音量調到最低,定期做聽力檢查,這些都會有所幫助。她認為,這也是一個公共健康問題,在大型場館組織演出時應該考慮到這一點。
迪拉德說:“我真的鼓勵人們從長遠的角度考慮自己的健康和聽力健康,因為我們迫切想要避免聽力損失帶來的影響?!彼赋?,聽力損失會如何影響你在日常生活中的互動能力。“就聽力損失而言,暴露于噪音環(huán)境非常重要的一點是,這是能夠避免的。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
小時候,在自駕游時,我姐姐總是惱怒地推我一把,因為她能夠聽到我的耳機里傳來的音樂聲。我相信我不是唯一一個在聽音樂時把音量調得有點大的人。也許你已經(jīng)無視那些在地鐵里盯著你看的人,他們可以清楚地聽到你耳機里播放的搖滾樂即興演奏會,或者你父母對你的警告:持續(xù)的音樂節(jié)奏可能對你的耳膜有害。新的研究重申了這種擔憂,并指出全球超過10億青壯年和青少年可能因為他們的個人收聽設備(PLDs)或耳機,或者參加音樂會等娛樂場所活動而面臨聽力損失的風險。
該研究的作者、南卡羅來納醫(yī)科大學(Medical University of South Carolina)的博士后研究員勞倫·迪拉德博士對《財富》雜志表示:“很多人顯然都過度暴露于噪音環(huán)境,這可能會對他們的健康產生不利影響?!彼f,長期暴露于高強度噪音環(huán)境中會損害聽力。
這項研究于11月15日發(fā)表在《BMJ全球衛(wèi)生》(BMJ Global Health)上,分析了過去20年里30多項與不良聽力習慣有關的研究,這些習慣包括戴耳機或者參加很吵的娛樂活動。在分析中,不良聽力習慣盛行,24%源于戴耳機,近50%源于前往嘈雜的娛樂場合。共有20個國家的近2萬名12歲至34歲的參與者參與了這項研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),全球各地有6.7億至13.5億的年輕人可能因為戴耳機或者暴露在嘈雜的場所而面臨聽力損失的風險。
該研究尚未完全掌握娛樂噪音是否會直接導致永久性聽力損失,但根據(jù)研究,自主暴露于噪音,比如聽音樂的音量有多高,與“聽力閾值的變化”之間存在關聯(lián)。迪拉德稱,戴耳機或者參加很吵的音樂會可能會導致耳鳴,即耳朵里會有嗡嗡聲或暫時性聽力喪失。如果聽力恢復正常,人們可能就會忽略這種暫時的嗡嗡聲。然而,一些研究表明,隨著時間的推移,暴露與噪音環(huán)境會損害感覺細胞,盡管可能需要幾年時間才能夠注意到任何實質性的變化。
她說:“這是一種漸進的過程,所以立即判別出來這種癥狀未必容易做到。從長遠來看,你可能會面臨永久性損傷的風險。”
智能手機的普及讓持續(xù)使用耳機變成常態(tài),世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)發(fā)出警告稱,近年來面臨聽力損失風險的年輕人數(shù)量可能有所增加。世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)現(xiàn),近50%的青壯年或青少年在使用耳機時音量調得過高,并且于2015年推出了“注重收聽安全”(Make Listening Safe)的活動,以推廣安全收聽習慣;監(jiān)測和限制收聽音量、收聽時長和收聽頻率。那么,什么級別的音量才是安全的呢?
與高音量相比,低音量可以聽更長的時間。例如,根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議,地鐵的聲音每天只應該聽15分鐘。一般的指導意見是80分貝(dB)的聲音每周能夠聽40個小時,但這個建議可能因地區(qū)而異。如果你要聽92分貝的聲音(可以通過耳機聽),那么就應該控制在每周2.5小時。
當你聽音樂的音量太高時,iPhone的健康應用程序還會提醒你。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議,這款健康應用程序上的暴露限值是75分貝的聲音每周能夠聽127小時,80分貝的聲音每周可以聽40小時,或者110分貝的聲音每周能夠聽2分鐘。因為耳機里的音樂可以達到100分貝或者更高,音量應該在很少情況下調到最大。許多人用耳機聽音樂時的音量超過75分貝,而酒吧、俱樂部和音樂會的嘈雜聲超過100分貝。
作者寫道:“政府、行業(yè)和民間社會迫切需要推廣安全收聽習慣來預防全球聽力損失,這是優(yōu)先事項。”
近年來,預防聽力損失的工作取得了進展。迪拉德希望人們意識到,他們有能力改變收聽習慣,以幫助降低聽力損失的風險。參加嘈雜的活動時戴上耳塞,如果可能的話就戴上降噪耳機,把音量調到最低,定期做聽力檢查,這些都會有所幫助。她認為,這也是一個公共健康問題,在大型場館組織演出時應該考慮到這一點。
迪拉德說:“我真的鼓勵人們從長遠的角度考慮自己的健康和聽力健康,因為我們迫切想要避免聽力損失帶來的影響?!彼赋?,聽力損失會如何影響你在日常生活中的互動能力?!熬吐犃p失而言,暴露于噪音環(huán)境非常重要的一點是,這是能夠避免的?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
My sister always gave me an irritated nudge when we were younger on road trips because she could hear the music blasting from my headphones on her side of the car. I’m sure I’m not the only one who’s been listening to music a bit too loudly. Maybe you’ve been ignoring the people who stare at you across the subway who can clearly hear your jams or the alarm bells from your parents telling you the constant beats could be harmful to your eardrums. New research echoes the concerns and suggests that over 1 billion young adults and adolescents globally may be at risk for hearing loss because of their personal listening devices (PLDs), or headphones, or for attending entertainment venues like concerts.
“This overexposure that a lot of people clearly are engaging in can have detrimental effects on their health,” Dr. Lauren Dillard, author of the study and a postdoctoral fellow at the Medical University of South Carolina, tells Fortune, and that exposure to loud sounds over time may lead to hearing loss down the road.
The study, published on November 15 in BMJ Global Health, analyzed over 30 studies from the past 20 years related to unsafe listening practices through either headphone usage or attendance at loud entertainment events. In the analysis, the prevalence of unsafe listening practices was about 24% from headphones and almost 50% from loud entertainment venues. A total of 20 countries were represented in the study, with nearly 20,000 participants ages 12 to 34. The study found that anywhere from 670 million to 1.35 billion young people could be at risk for hearing loss due to headphones or exposure to loud venues.
Research doesn’t fully capture whether or not recreational noise exposure can directly lead to permanent hearing loss, but there have been associations between voluntary noise exposure, like how loud you listen to music, and “changes in hearing thresholds” per the study. Using headphones or attending loud concerts can lead to tinnitus, which is described as a ringing sound in the ears, or temporary hearing loss, Dillard says. If sound comes back, people may dismiss the temporary ringing. However, some research shows that over time, the loud exposure can damage sensory cells, although it may take years to notice any substantial changes.
“It’s rather incremental and progressive, so it’s not necessarily easy to recognize right away,” she says. “You might be at risk for permanent damage in the long run.”
The rise in smartphone ownership led to the normalization of constant headphone usage, and the World Health Organization (WHO) sounds the alarm that the number of young people at risk for hearing loss may have grown in recent years. The WHO found nearly 50% of young adults or teens listen to unsafe levels of sound from headphones and in 2015 launched?“Make Listening Safe” to promote safe listening practices: monitoring and limiting the loudness of sound consumed, the duration it is consumed, and how often it is consumed. So what levels of sound are considered safe?
Lower volumes can be listened to for a longer period of time compared to higher volumes. For example, the sound of a subway train should be listened to for only 15 minutes a day, according to the WHO. The general guidance is 80 decibels (dB) for 40 hours a week, but this recommendation can vary regionally. If you’re listening to 92 dB (which may be listened to through headphones), it should be kept to 2.5 hours a week.
The iPhone’s health app can also alert you when you’re listening to music that’s too loud. Adhering to the WHO’s recommendations, the exposure limit on the health app is 75 dB for 127 hours over seven days, 80 dB for 40 hours over seven days, or 110 dB for two minutes over seven days. Because the music in headphones can get to 100 dB or higher, the volume should seldom be at the maximum. Many people listen to their headphone music well over 75 dB, and the sounds blaring from bars, clubs, and concerts surpass 100 dB.
“There is an urgent need for governments, industry, and civil society to prioritize global hearing loss prevention by promoting safe listening practices,” the authors write.
Hearing loss prevention has gained momentum in recent years. Dillard hopes that people realize they have the ability to change listening habits to help lower their risk for hearing loss. Wearing earplugs to loud events, having noise-canceling headphones if possible, keeping audio levels at a minimum, and getting regular hearing checkups can help. It’s also a public health issue and something larger venues should keep in mind when curating their volumes, she says.
“I would just really encourage people to think a little bit more long term about their health and their hearing health because we really do want to avoid the impact of hearing loss,” Dillard says, noting how it can affect your ability to interact in daily life. “The thing that’s so important about noise exposure in terms of hearing loss is that it’s preventable.”