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吉娜·德羅索斯如何實(shí)現(xiàn)Signet的東山再起

首席執(zhí)行官吉娜·德羅索斯實(shí)現(xiàn)了Signet Jewelers的東山再起,后者是知名連鎖品牌Kay、Jared和Zales的母公司。

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首席執(zhí)行官吉娜·德羅索斯實(shí)現(xiàn)了Signet Jewelers的東山再起,后者是知名連鎖品牌Kay、Jared和Zales的母公司。圖片來(lái)源:PHOTOGRAPH BY ANDREW SPEAR FOR FORTUNE

購(gòu)物中心里的大多數(shù)顧客都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到,美國(guó)這家無(wú)處不在的大型珠寶連鎖店擁有各自不同的目標(biāo)群體。例如,Zales主打時(shí)尚和潮流以及個(gè)人禮物,也就是那些人們可能在辦公室或者參加鄰居普通聚會(huì)時(shí)穿戴的飾品。如果人們想購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些不同尋常的首飾,比如給紀(jì)念日或者訂婚這類(lèi)重大慶?;顒?dòng)的主角送禮,那么他們就更有可能去光顧Kay。如果人們大幅提升其購(gòu)物預(yù)算,而且將目光瞄向了準(zhǔn)奢華珠寶,愿意花費(fèi)3,000美元或者更多的資金,他們可能就會(huì)離開(kāi)商場(chǎng),并前往附近出售高端珠寶的Jared。

還有一個(gè)情況大多數(shù)購(gòu)物者同樣不怎么了解,那就是所有這三家連鎖店(每一個(gè)品牌在美國(guó)境內(nèi)都有數(shù)百家店面)都?xì)w屬于同一家公司Signet Jewelers。這家珠寶零售巨頭的總部位于美國(guó)俄亥俄州,成立于百慕大。這家公司之所以能夠東山再起,Signet的長(zhǎng)期董事、消費(fèi)品業(yè)務(wù)資深人士吉娜·德羅索斯可謂是功不可沒(méi),她于2017年開(kāi)始擔(dān)任該公司的首席執(zhí)行官。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,德羅索斯在Zoom的記者電話會(huì)議上佩戴的始終都是Zales的首飾。德羅索斯用略帶南方拖腔的口音說(shuō):“我非常欣賞將首飾作為時(shí)尚物品的理念,以及人們搭配和疊戴不同的首飾的方式?!彼龘崦约翰弊由先龡l組合金項(xiàng)鏈解釋說(shuō),Zales的咨詢師為其提供了穿搭建議,因?yàn)樗M约号宕鞯氖罪椏梢约骖櫝绷髋c職業(yè)。

Signet帝國(guó)或許并非一直走在時(shí)尚前沿,然而,自從德羅索斯這位公司的首位女性首席執(zhí)行官執(zhí)掌之后,Signet如今的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)比過(guò)去強(qiáng)勁了不少。不久之前,Signet旗下三大連鎖品牌甚至連自己的目標(biāo)群體都不是很清楚。確實(shí),自Signet在21世紀(jì)10年代陷入低谷之后,其最大的三個(gè)品牌開(kāi)始內(nèi)卷,而且各自的差異化特征幾乎消失殆盡。德羅索斯回憶道,當(dāng)時(shí),Zales的任何促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致Kay業(yè)務(wù)量下滑。由于這些品牌的連鎖店通?;楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系,而且在同一層級(jí)的商場(chǎng)中距離很近,上述問(wèn)題也就變得更加嚴(yán)重。德羅索斯說(shuō):“公司旗下的幾個(gè)品牌基本都在中端市場(chǎng)相互掐架。”

位于美國(guó)得克薩斯州南湖鎮(zhèn)Zales門(mén)店內(nèi)的顧客。德羅索斯大幅削減了Zales和Kay店面的數(shù)量,以防止其相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。隨后,單店銷(xiāo)售量出現(xiàn)了飆升。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF SIGNET

Signet的三大頂級(jí)品牌貢獻(xiàn)了該公司77%的銷(xiāo)售額,其各自定位的明確劃分只不過(guò)是這位首席執(zhí)行官長(zhǎng)篇工作清單中的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)罷了。雖然說(shuō)Signet是美國(guó)最大的專(zhuān)業(yè)珠寶商,但在德羅索斯接手時(shí),這家公司卻面臨著一系列嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題。Signet在2014年收購(gòu)的品牌Zales其實(shí)是一個(gè)陷阱,這家零售商負(fù)債累累,而且業(yè)績(jī)不佳的店面比比皆是,客戶和供應(yīng)商對(duì)其都沒(méi)有什么好感。Signet的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表則受累于其店面信用卡業(yè)務(wù),而且電商業(yè)務(wù)基本就是一個(gè)擺設(shè)。更為嚴(yán)重的是,公司爆出了大量的性別歧視和性騷擾案件,其影響最終導(dǎo)致了德羅索斯前任的離職。

到目前為止,德羅索斯重構(gòu)Signet的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)獲得不小的成功,而這一策略源于她在寶潔(Procter & Gamble)數(shù)十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以及她在一家基因測(cè)試初創(chuàng)企業(yè)擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官的履歷。Signet關(guān)閉了Kay和Zales旗下數(shù)百家經(jīng)營(yíng)不善的店面,并減少了其對(duì)折扣的依賴,同時(shí)出售了信用卡業(yè)務(wù)。得益于在2022年收購(gòu)的零售網(wǎng)站Blue Nile以及租賃服務(wù)Rocksbox,它終于跟上了電商時(shí)代的步伐。德羅索斯已經(jīng)開(kāi)始著手改變Signet的文化。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn),她確保那些如驚弓之鳥(niǎo)的雇員,尤其是女性,能夠獲得傾聽(tīng)和參與感,并且愿意相信管理層的愿景,此外,她還對(duì)董事會(huì)進(jìn)行了大刀闊斧的改革。

Signet的銷(xiāo)售額在2021年達(dá)到了78億美元,比德羅索斯上任第一年增長(zhǎng)了22%,較其在新冠疫情期間的低谷增長(zhǎng)了50%,并創(chuàng)下了新高。2022年12月中旬,Signet的第三季度銷(xiāo)售額和利潤(rùn)均高于預(yù)期,有力地支撐了德羅索斯的成功宣言。

與此同時(shí),Signet的挑戰(zhàn)可謂是接踵而至。銷(xiāo)售額受到了通脹的沖擊,因?yàn)榭蛻粝鳒p了對(duì)珠寶的開(kāi)支,這項(xiàng)自主性的支出就像是人間蒸發(fā)了一樣。Kay、Zales,甚至是Jared的消費(fèi)群體與蒂芙尼(Tiffany)不一樣,跟卡地亞(Cartier)就更無(wú)法比了。畢竟,這類(lèi)群體不大可能在不景氣的時(shí)期花費(fèi)大量資金來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)首飾。WSL Strategic Retail的首席執(zhí)行官溫迪·利布曼表示:“美國(guó)中低端珠寶市場(chǎng)遭遇了巨大的壓力。我們走出了新冠疫情的陰影,卻陷入了通脹,這時(shí)人們會(huì)說(shuō):‘我真的需要珠寶嗎?’”

假日季已經(jīng)早早地回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題:Signet的30%的年度銷(xiāo)售額通常來(lái)自于11月和12月。然而,不管珠寶購(gòu)買(mǎi)人群是感到不安,還是信心十足,或者介于兩者之間,Signet依然有很多工作需要做,更何況華爾街預(yù)計(jì)Signet的銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谖磥?lái)兩年之內(nèi)不大可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),Signet也就更加任重道遠(yuǎn)了。

德羅索斯的計(jì)劃將不得不側(cè)重于:通過(guò)超越其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手贏得更多的市場(chǎng)份額;進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)的多元化;繼續(xù)專(zhuān)注于電商業(yè)務(wù),以防止其再次停滯不前。德羅索斯說(shuō):“我們過(guò)去奉行的老辦法在上一個(gè)十年發(fā)揮了其作用。我們當(dāng)時(shí)更加關(guān)注商品,與供應(yīng)商合作,而不是傾聽(tīng)消費(fèi)者的心聲。”問(wèn)題在于,新的戰(zhàn)略和新的文化是否可以讓Signet在波濤洶涌的市場(chǎng)中站穩(wěn)腳跟。

這家規(guī)模最大的珠寶商仍然具有增長(zhǎng)空間

Signet所處的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)高度細(xì)分化的市場(chǎng),占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的多是小型區(qū)域連鎖店和獨(dú)立經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商。盡管該公司是美國(guó)最大的珠寶商,但其份額僅占到這個(gè)價(jià)值760億美元市場(chǎng)的9.3%。這家公司的規(guī)模源于自身160年以來(lái)的珠寶行業(yè)并購(gòu)交易。

Signet公司的資產(chǎn)組合起源于1862年成立的英國(guó)珠寶商H. Samuel。20世紀(jì)80年代,H. Samuel被英國(guó)巨頭和美國(guó)區(qū)域連鎖店Ratner Jewelers吞并,后者在那一時(shí)期又收購(gòu)了Sterling Jewelers。1993年,Ratner更名為Signet。如今,Kay(此前是Sterling帝國(guó)的支柱品牌)、Zales和Jared三大品牌的銷(xiāo)售額分別占Signet總銷(xiāo)售額的38%、22%和17%。Signet還收購(gòu)了Banter by Piercing Pagoda,后者是商場(chǎng)里的固定攤位,也是無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人第一次打耳眼的地方。Signet的6%的銷(xiāo)售額來(lái)自于英國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭,3%來(lái)自于加拿大,剩下的則來(lái)自美國(guó)。

得益于其規(guī)模,Signet數(shù)十年來(lái)一直在市場(chǎng)上處于主導(dǎo)地位,但與眾多行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖一樣,該公司出現(xiàn)了僵化現(xiàn)象。事后來(lái)看,公司2014年對(duì)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Zale Corp.的收購(gòu)似乎成為了一個(gè)經(jīng)典案例,即公司通過(guò)花錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)自身無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的有機(jī)增長(zhǎng)。該交易為Signet帶來(lái)了更多的債務(wù),而且該連鎖店存在大量需要翻修的實(shí)體店面,同時(shí)其地域分布和款式與Kay高度重合。這個(gè)戰(zhàn)略性的問(wèn)題很快便波及了銷(xiāo)售額:Signet的總銷(xiāo)售額在截至2016年年初的財(cái)年達(dá)到了65.5億美元的峰值,然而在接下來(lái)的五年中不斷下滑,經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)也因此江河日下。

位于美國(guó)弗吉尼亞州弗雷德里克斯堡的Jared。Jared店面并不在“商場(chǎng)內(nèi)”,其商品的價(jià)格通常高于Kay和Zales。圖片來(lái)源:KRISTOFFER TRIPPLAAR—SIPA USA/AP IMAGES

德羅索斯正是在這一時(shí)刻挺身而出。她自2012年便擔(dān)任Signet董事,曾經(jīng)在寶潔工作了25年的時(shí)間,并升任其美妝業(yè)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人。她隨后進(jìn)軍生物科技初創(chuàng)領(lǐng)域,擔(dān)任基因測(cè)試公司Assurex Health的首席執(zhí)行官,并執(zhí)掌該公司四年時(shí)間,直到其被收購(gòu)。德羅索斯表示,這段經(jīng)歷讓她更加深刻地意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)決策的作用。事實(shí)證明,這一認(rèn)知對(duì)于她的新崗位至關(guān)重要。

擺在她眼前的其中一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的首要解決辦法就是削減Kay和Zales連鎖店的數(shù)量。德羅索斯最終關(guān)閉了1,250家店面,同時(shí)在更好的地段新開(kāi)了400家店面,主要涉及Kay和Zales這兩個(gè)最大的品牌??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),她關(guān)閉了Signet的20%的實(shí)體店面,如今其美國(guó)店面數(shù)量為2,500家。

德羅索斯還通過(guò)加大對(duì)客戶的研究力度來(lái)為其改革提供指引。盡管消費(fèi)者一直在告訴Signet自己已經(jīng)做好了在線購(gòu)物的準(zhǔn)備,但沒(méi)有得到管理層的真正重視。珠寶購(gòu)買(mǎi)是零售行業(yè)抗拒電商最后的堡壘之一,而Signet在此前卻并不怎么重視這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。[蒂芙尼在電商方面也是行動(dòng)遲緩;自兩年前收購(gòu)蒂芙尼之后,路威酩軒(LVMH)的首要任務(wù)便是把這家奢華珠寶商發(fā)展成為電商業(yè)務(wù)的巨頭。]

這位新首席執(zhí)行官意識(shí)到,電商不僅僅是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)促進(jìn)交易的網(wǎng)站,同時(shí)還要讓人們能夠在進(jìn)店前對(duì)其產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行甄選。她在擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官之后首先采取的一個(gè)舉措便是于2017年收購(gòu)了JamesAllen.com,不僅僅是因?yàn)樵摼W(wǎng)站有著龐大的業(yè)務(wù),同時(shí)還因?yàn)樗鼡碛杏型嵏层@石行業(yè)的技術(shù),這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以生成網(wǎng)站上所有販賣(mài)寶石的360度高分辨率影像,同時(shí)還能夠創(chuàng)建一個(gè)虛擬展示廳,為買(mǎi)家提供數(shù)萬(wàn)枚鉆石進(jìn)行挑選。如今,這一技術(shù)也可以被用于Jared和Kay的網(wǎng)站。德羅索斯稱(chēng):“如今,人們能夠在網(wǎng)站上更好地觀賞鉆石,而且比在店面更清楚,因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詫⑵浞糯?,并以高分辨率圖像展示?!?/p>

科技還能夠通過(guò)新奇的方式發(fā)揮作用,尤其是庫(kù)存管理方面。如果勞德代爾堡的店面的一枚戒指無(wú)人問(wèn)津,那么明尼那波利斯的銷(xiāo)售人員便可以將其銷(xiāo)售給客戶。所有這一切意味著商品的周轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)變得更快,也就會(huì)給店面帶來(lái)更多的新商品,而“新款”則會(huì)吸引客戶,并維持業(yè)務(wù)的利潤(rùn)率。

有鑒于新冠疫情帶來(lái)的巨大威脅,將電商作為業(yè)務(wù)重點(diǎn)最終為公司帶來(lái)了好運(yùn)。2020年年中,Signet一直都在應(yīng)對(duì)春末關(guān)閉店面數(shù)周所帶來(lái)的影響,畢竟,Zales、Kay和Jared都不是必需品零售商。Signet不顧一切的想要確保營(yíng)收不會(huì)大幅下滑,并加速采用虛擬銷(xiāo)售和路邊取貨等方式來(lái)迎合不愿意與其他人密切接觸的消費(fèi)者。公司2020年的總銷(xiāo)售額下滑了15%,但這段經(jīng)歷為Signet提供了一些寶貴的新力量。2017年,Signet的線上銷(xiāo)售額占比約為5%,如今這一比例達(dá)到了23%。

收購(gòu)線上珠寶零售商James Allen的交易也反映了Signet并購(gòu)策略的轉(zhuǎn)變。公司長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直專(zhuān)注于收購(gòu)實(shí)體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;如今,它更關(guān)注于構(gòu)建其電商業(yè)務(wù)的交易,或至少能夠獲得新客戶的交易。這一舉措的核心人物便是瓊·希爾森,此前供職于維多利亞的秘密(Victoria’s Secret),自20世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始為Signet效力,德羅索斯于2018年聘請(qǐng)她擔(dān)任公司的策略與財(cái)務(wù)主管。

德羅索斯和希爾森的一個(gè)宏大目標(biāo)就是解決Signet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表存在的高杠桿問(wèn)題,并通過(guò)削減Signet經(jīng)營(yíng)構(gòu)架的成本來(lái)提振盈利能力。自2017年以來(lái),Signet將其長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)削減了80%,降至1.47億美元,公司2021年的經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)率為11.6%,是三年前的兩倍多。這一更加強(qiáng)勁的現(xiàn)金流讓Signet能夠放心大膽地開(kāi)展收購(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)。希爾森說(shuō):“此舉為公司帶來(lái)了拓展市場(chǎng)的流動(dòng)性,并讓公司發(fā)展壯大?!?/p>

公司收購(gòu)了德羅索斯關(guān)注了數(shù)年的Blue Nile。作為首個(gè)大型專(zhuān)業(yè)線上珠寶零售商,Blue Nile在10年前便引發(fā)了業(yè)界的轟動(dòng)。然而,該品牌始終未能一飛沖天,其最高的年?duì)I收為5億美元。Signet在2022年9月以3.6億美元的現(xiàn)金收購(gòu)了該公司,拿下了這個(gè)有著出眾虛擬展示廳以及不俗年輕客戶群的電商網(wǎng)站。Signet在2022年還完成了對(duì)租賃公司Rocksbox、小型專(zhuān)營(yíng)連鎖店Diamonds Direct,以及幫助Signet提供保養(yǎng)和估值服務(wù)的多家公司的收購(gòu)。

這一系列收購(gòu)交易讓Signet這個(gè)巨頭越發(fā)龐大。該公司旗下的零售品牌從2017年的8個(gè)增至如今的11個(gè)。這一現(xiàn)象也引發(fā)了一個(gè)新問(wèn)題:Signet是否可以保持這些品牌不斷增長(zhǎng),而且不會(huì)讓顧客感到困惑或者引發(fā)品牌之間的內(nèi)卷。零售分析師利布曼表示:“這些品牌的數(shù)量著實(shí)不少。如果不小心的話,就很有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致自身業(yè)務(wù)的碎片化和相互吞噬?!辈贿^(guò)到目前為止,公司的三大連鎖品牌Kay、Jared和Zales都再次恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng),主要原因在于德羅索斯的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠下決心去關(guān)閉那些應(yīng)該關(guān)閉的店面。

應(yīng)對(duì)有害的公司文化

如果沒(méi)有改變Signet的文化,德羅索斯也就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)Signet的翻身。與眾多零售商一樣,Signet一直都是一家以女性員工和女性客戶為主的公司,但領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層大多數(shù)都是男性。在德羅索斯擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),這種格局變得難以為繼。

在《華盛頓郵報(bào)》(Washington Post)2017年2月一則令人極為震驚的報(bào)道發(fā)布之后,轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)了。當(dāng)時(shí),這則報(bào)道稱(chēng)性騷擾在Signet已經(jīng)成為一種猖獗的系統(tǒng)性現(xiàn)象,而且從上到下的男性主管皆是如此。該報(bào)道明確提到了2014年擔(dān)任Signet首席執(zhí)行官的Signet終身員工馬克·萊特。除了其他的指控之外,報(bào)道稱(chēng)有人看到萊特在企業(yè)活動(dòng)中與“全裸和半裸的女性雇員”待在泳池里。萊特和Signet一再否認(rèn)這項(xiàng)指控。然而,萊特以未詳細(xì)說(shuō)明的健康問(wèn)題為由,于2017年夏季離開(kāi)了公司。與此同時(shí),其他有牽連的經(jīng)理也相繼離職。2022年,Signet和解了有關(guān)起訴公司在招聘和薪酬制度中存在性別歧視的集體訴訟案,并向6.8萬(wàn)名現(xiàn)任和前雇員賠償了1.75億美元。

Signet的前首席執(zhí)行官馬克·萊特在2016年6月15日拍攝的照片。2017年,萊特與多名經(jīng)理在一片質(zhì)疑聲中離開(kāi)了公司,其繼任者德羅索斯自那之后便制定了性騷擾零容忍政策。圖片來(lái)源:CHRIS GOODNEY—BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

這種有害的文化并非只涉及猖獗的品行不端行為,它還滋生了業(yè)務(wù)方面的獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行,以男性為主導(dǎo)的管理者們并不會(huì)傾聽(tīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)員工所反映的問(wèn)題,也就是Signet以女性為主導(dǎo)的員工。德羅索斯稱(chēng),自2012年成為公司董事以來(lái),她一直在推動(dòng)Signet員工和文化的多元化舉措。她表示,在她擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官之后,董事會(huì)讓其加速這一舉措。

修復(fù)充滿恐懼和厭惡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的文化是一件異常困難的事情。德羅索斯說(shuō):“這也是在接受這份工作時(shí)令我感到最緊張的事情之一?!彼钕炔扇〉钠渲幸粋€(gè)舉措就是,將多元化和包容性目標(biāo)融入每一位管理者的評(píng)估指標(biāo),并制定了性騷擾零容忍政策。她回憶道:“我打算從零開(kāi)始。我不會(huì)重蹈覆轍。”如今,42%的副總裁級(jí)別以上雇員都是女性,在店面層面,76%的副經(jīng)理以上職員都是女性。她指出:“這個(gè)水平的占比讓所有雇員對(duì)未來(lái)的可能性充滿了憧憬?!?/p>

另一個(gè)重要的拯救措施是,將更多的自主權(quán)和管理權(quán)限下放至店面。當(dāng)?shù)铝_索斯開(kāi)始擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),她讓各個(gè)店面召開(kāi)團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)議,甚至傾聽(tīng)客戶服務(wù)電話,從而了解都有哪些需要真正改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題。德羅索斯表示:“我很快意識(shí)到,公司的文化基本上是自上而下的命令與控制。公司內(nèi)部并不缺乏人才,我們需要做的就是釋放其才干?!钡昝娼?jīng)理如今對(duì)于Signet連鎖店的銷(xiāo)售商品擁有更大的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。這一舉措,結(jié)合重疊店面的關(guān)閉,幫助大幅提升了單店銷(xiāo)售額:Signet店面平均年銷(xiāo)售額較新冠疫情前提升了50%。

這一成功的策略反映了德羅索斯自身的歷史:她稱(chēng),自己在寶潔工作的25年期間,有求必應(yīng)的高層給予的支持讓其獲益匪淺。她提到了其導(dǎo)師雷富禮(A.G. Lafley),這位傳奇般的首席執(zhí)行官曾經(jīng)在21世紀(jì)初領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這家消費(fèi)巨頭東山再起。正是在寶潔的經(jīng)歷讓德羅索斯懂得了對(duì)一線信息進(jìn)行快速響應(yīng)的重要性。她將這些洞見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng),并因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)知名護(hù)膚品牌玉蘭油(Olay)重振雄風(fēng)而聲名鵲起。

由于深入掌握了令寶潔得以成名的市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù),德羅索斯看到了存在于奢華高價(jià)百貨店品牌與低價(jià)藥店品牌之間的護(hù)膚市場(chǎng)。玉蘭油在沃爾瑪(Walmart)或者CVS的單品售價(jià)均不超過(guò)10美元。她回憶道:“這中間存在著巨大的空白。”因此,她打造了25美元的保濕霜,并稱(chēng)其品質(zhì)可以與在尼曼百貨(Neiman Marcus)售價(jià)數(shù)百美元的奢華美容品牌海藍(lán)之謎(La Mer)媲美。這一豪賭得到了回報(bào):在其卸任時(shí),玉蘭油的年銷(xiāo)售額從其執(zhí)掌伊始的2.5億美元增至25億美元。德羅索斯說(shuō):“這一切完全在于理解消費(fèi)者的需求,并打造能夠?yàn)樽陨韼?lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的顛覆性產(chǎn)品?!?/p>

起伏不定的未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)走向

盡管Signet最近大獲成功,但宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在提醒德羅索斯及其團(tuán)隊(duì)他們所取得的成就有多脆弱。在最近的一個(gè)季度中,Signet同比銷(xiāo)售或業(yè)務(wù),不計(jì)新開(kāi)設(shè)或關(guān)閉店面和業(yè)務(wù)單元的影響,下滑了7.6%。這個(gè)成績(jī)基本上是必然的,因?yàn)樵谝荒昵?,新冠疫情緩解之后,銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)?cè)?jīng)出現(xiàn)了大幅回彈。不管怎么樣,華爾街預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)三年該公司的銷(xiāo)售增速將非常有限。分析師預(yù)計(jì)其年銷(xiāo)售額屆時(shí)將在80億美元附近徘徊。

為了挺過(guò)日趨疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,公司將不得不繼續(xù)遵循德羅索斯密切關(guān)注客戶需求的策略。公司在2022年進(jìn)一步提升了Jared的檔次,并調(diào)高了售價(jià),同時(shí),Kay將更密切地關(guān)注婚禮珠寶,Zales則主打時(shí)尚。分析師稱(chēng),類(lèi)似舉動(dòng)將有助于保護(hù)其市場(chǎng)份額和利潤(rùn)率。GlobalData的董事總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯表示:“在調(diào)整其產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)、服務(wù)和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)來(lái)更好地迎合消費(fèi)者方面,Signet還是可圈可點(diǎn)的?!?/p>

德羅索斯在2022年嘗試了Signet的婚禮戒指服務(wù),她與James Allen的員工一道在2021年自己的婚禮之前設(shè)計(jì)了其訂婚戒指。這枚戒指采用了20世紀(jì)30年代的意大利裝飾藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)。她回憶道:“一開(kāi)始,他們并沒(méi)有找到可以讓其感到足夠自豪的鑲嵌鉆石,因此他們讓我等了一段時(shí)間?!钡却侵档玫模f(shuō):“我自己也算是一個(gè)前衛(wèi)高調(diào)的人?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

購(gòu)物中心里的大多數(shù)顧客都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到,美國(guó)這家無(wú)處不在的大型珠寶連鎖店擁有各自不同的目標(biāo)群體。例如,Zales主打時(shí)尚和潮流以及個(gè)人禮物,也就是那些人們可能在辦公室或者參加鄰居普通聚會(huì)時(shí)穿戴的飾品。如果人們想購(gòu)買(mǎi)一些不同尋常的首飾,比如給紀(jì)念日或者訂婚這類(lèi)重大慶?;顒?dòng)的主角送禮,那么他們就更有可能去光顧Kay。如果人們大幅提升其購(gòu)物預(yù)算,而且將目光瞄向了準(zhǔn)奢華珠寶,愿意花費(fèi)3,000美元或者更多的資金,他們可能就會(huì)離開(kāi)商場(chǎng),并前往附近出售高端珠寶的Jared。

還有一個(gè)情況大多數(shù)購(gòu)物者同樣不怎么了解,那就是所有這三家連鎖店(每一個(gè)品牌在美國(guó)境內(nèi)都有數(shù)百家店面)都?xì)w屬于同一家公司Signet Jewelers。這家珠寶零售巨頭的總部位于美國(guó)俄亥俄州,成立于百慕大。這家公司之所以能夠東山再起,Signet的長(zhǎng)期董事、消費(fèi)品業(yè)務(wù)資深人士吉娜·德羅索斯可謂是功不可沒(méi),她于2017年開(kāi)始擔(dān)任該公司的首席執(zhí)行官。

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,德羅索斯在Zoom的記者電話會(huì)議上佩戴的始終都是Zales的首飾。德羅索斯用略帶南方拖腔的口音說(shuō):“我非常欣賞將首飾作為時(shí)尚物品的理念,以及人們搭配和疊戴不同的首飾的方式?!彼龘崦约翰弊由先龡l組合金項(xiàng)鏈解釋說(shuō),Zales的咨詢師為其提供了穿搭建議,因?yàn)樗M约号宕鞯氖罪椏梢约骖櫝绷髋c職業(yè)。

Signet帝國(guó)或許并非一直走在時(shí)尚前沿,然而,自從德羅索斯這位公司的首位女性首席執(zhí)行官執(zhí)掌之后,Signet如今的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)比過(guò)去強(qiáng)勁了不少。不久之前,Signet旗下三大連鎖品牌甚至連自己的目標(biāo)群體都不是很清楚。確實(shí),自Signet在21世紀(jì)10年代陷入低谷之后,其最大的三個(gè)品牌開(kāi)始內(nèi)卷,而且各自的差異化特征幾乎消失殆盡。德羅索斯回憶道,當(dāng)時(shí),Zales的任何促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)都會(huì)導(dǎo)致Kay業(yè)務(wù)量下滑。由于這些品牌的連鎖店通常互為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系,而且在同一層級(jí)的商場(chǎng)中距離很近,上述問(wèn)題也就變得更加嚴(yán)重。德羅索斯說(shuō):“公司旗下的幾個(gè)品牌基本都在中端市場(chǎng)相互掐架?!?/p>

Signet的三大頂級(jí)品牌貢獻(xiàn)了該公司77%的銷(xiāo)售額,其各自定位的明確劃分只不過(guò)是這位首席執(zhí)行官長(zhǎng)篇工作清單中的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)罷了。雖然說(shuō)Signet是美國(guó)最大的專(zhuān)業(yè)珠寶商,但在德羅索斯接手時(shí),這家公司卻面臨著一系列嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題。Signet在2014年收購(gòu)的品牌Zales其實(shí)是一個(gè)陷阱,這家零售商負(fù)債累累,而且業(yè)績(jī)不佳的店面比比皆是,客戶和供應(yīng)商對(duì)其都沒(méi)有什么好感。Signet的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表則受累于其店面信用卡業(yè)務(wù),而且電商業(yè)務(wù)基本就是一個(gè)擺設(shè)。更為嚴(yán)重的是,公司爆出了大量的性別歧視和性騷擾案件,其影響最終導(dǎo)致了德羅索斯前任的離職。

到目前為止,德羅索斯重構(gòu)Signet的計(jì)劃已經(jīng)獲得不小的成功,而這一策略源于她在寶潔(Procter & Gamble)數(shù)十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以及她在一家基因測(cè)試初創(chuàng)企業(yè)擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官的履歷。Signet關(guān)閉了Kay和Zales旗下數(shù)百家經(jīng)營(yíng)不善的店面,并減少了其對(duì)折扣的依賴,同時(shí)出售了信用卡業(yè)務(wù)。得益于在2022年收購(gòu)的零售網(wǎng)站Blue Nile以及租賃服務(wù)Rocksbox,它終于跟上了電商時(shí)代的步伐。德羅索斯已經(jīng)開(kāi)始著手改變Signet的文化。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn),她確保那些如驚弓之鳥(niǎo)的雇員,尤其是女性,能夠獲得傾聽(tīng)和參與感,并且愿意相信管理層的愿景,此外,她還對(duì)董事會(huì)進(jìn)行了大刀闊斧的改革。

Signet的銷(xiāo)售額在2021年達(dá)到了78億美元,比德羅索斯上任第一年增長(zhǎng)了22%,較其在新冠疫情期間的低谷增長(zhǎng)了50%,并創(chuàng)下了新高。2022年12月中旬,Signet的第三季度銷(xiāo)售額和利潤(rùn)均高于預(yù)期,有力地支撐了德羅索斯的成功宣言。

與此同時(shí),Signet的挑戰(zhàn)可謂是接踵而至。銷(xiāo)售額受到了通脹的沖擊,因?yàn)榭蛻粝鳒p了對(duì)珠寶的開(kāi)支,這項(xiàng)自主性的支出就像是人間蒸發(fā)了一樣。Kay、Zales,甚至是Jared的消費(fèi)群體與蒂芙尼(Tiffany)不一樣,跟卡地亞(Cartier)就更無(wú)法比了。畢竟,這類(lèi)群體不大可能在不景氣的時(shí)期花費(fèi)大量資金來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)首飾。WSL Strategic Retail的首席執(zhí)行官溫迪·利布曼表示:“美國(guó)中低端珠寶市場(chǎng)遭遇了巨大的壓力。我們走出了新冠疫情的陰影,卻陷入了通脹,這時(shí)人們會(huì)說(shuō):‘我真的需要珠寶嗎?’”

假日季已經(jīng)早早地回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題:Signet的30%的年度銷(xiāo)售額通常來(lái)自于11月和12月。然而,不管珠寶購(gòu)買(mǎi)人群是感到不安,還是信心十足,或者介于兩者之間,Signet依然有很多工作需要做,更何況華爾街預(yù)計(jì)Signet的銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谖磥?lái)兩年之內(nèi)不大可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng),Signet也就更加任重道遠(yuǎn)了。

德羅索斯的計(jì)劃將不得不側(cè)重于:通過(guò)超越其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手贏得更多的市場(chǎng)份額;進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)的多元化;繼續(xù)專(zhuān)注于電商業(yè)務(wù),以防止其再次停滯不前。德羅索斯說(shuō):“我們過(guò)去奉行的老辦法在上一個(gè)十年發(fā)揮了其作用。我們當(dāng)時(shí)更加關(guān)注商品,與供應(yīng)商合作,而不是傾聽(tīng)消費(fèi)者的心聲?!眴?wèn)題在于,新的戰(zhàn)略和新的文化是否可以讓Signet在波濤洶涌的市場(chǎng)中站穩(wěn)腳跟。

這家規(guī)模最大的珠寶商仍然具有增長(zhǎng)空間

Signet所處的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)高度細(xì)分化的市場(chǎng),占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的多是小型區(qū)域連鎖店和獨(dú)立經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商。盡管該公司是美國(guó)最大的珠寶商,但其份額僅占到這個(gè)價(jià)值760億美元市場(chǎng)的9.3%。這家公司的規(guī)模源于自身160年以來(lái)的珠寶行業(yè)并購(gòu)交易。

Signet公司的資產(chǎn)組合起源于1862年成立的英國(guó)珠寶商H. Samuel。20世紀(jì)80年代,H. Samuel被英國(guó)巨頭和美國(guó)區(qū)域連鎖店Ratner Jewelers吞并,后者在那一時(shí)期又收購(gòu)了Sterling Jewelers。1993年,Ratner更名為Signet。如今,Kay(此前是Sterling帝國(guó)的支柱品牌)、Zales和Jared三大品牌的銷(xiāo)售額分別占Signet總銷(xiāo)售額的38%、22%和17%。Signet還收購(gòu)了Banter by Piercing Pagoda,后者是商場(chǎng)里的固定攤位,也是無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人第一次打耳眼的地方。Signet的6%的銷(xiāo)售額來(lái)自于英國(guó)和愛(ài)爾蘭,3%來(lái)自于加拿大,剩下的則來(lái)自美國(guó)。

得益于其規(guī)模,Signet數(shù)十年來(lái)一直在市場(chǎng)上處于主導(dǎo)地位,但與眾多行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖一樣,該公司出現(xiàn)了僵化現(xiàn)象。事后來(lái)看,公司2014年對(duì)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Zale Corp.的收購(gòu)似乎成為了一個(gè)經(jīng)典案例,即公司通過(guò)花錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)自身無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的有機(jī)增長(zhǎng)。該交易為Signet帶來(lái)了更多的債務(wù),而且該連鎖店存在大量需要翻修的實(shí)體店面,同時(shí)其地域分布和款式與Kay高度重合。這個(gè)戰(zhàn)略性的問(wèn)題很快便波及了銷(xiāo)售額:Signet的總銷(xiāo)售額在截至2016年年初的財(cái)年達(dá)到了65.5億美元的峰值,然而在接下來(lái)的五年中不斷下滑,經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)也因此江河日下。

德羅索斯正是在這一時(shí)刻挺身而出。她自2012年便擔(dān)任Signet董事,曾經(jīng)在寶潔工作了25年的時(shí)間,并升任其美妝業(yè)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人。她隨后進(jìn)軍生物科技初創(chuàng)領(lǐng)域,擔(dān)任基因測(cè)試公司Assurex Health的首席執(zhí)行官,并執(zhí)掌該公司四年時(shí)間,直到其被收購(gòu)。德羅索斯表示,這段經(jīng)歷讓她更加深刻地意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)決策的作用。事實(shí)證明,這一認(rèn)知對(duì)于她的新崗位至關(guān)重要。

擺在她眼前的其中一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的首要解決辦法就是削減Kay和Zales連鎖店的數(shù)量。德羅索斯最終關(guān)閉了1,250家店面,同時(shí)在更好的地段新開(kāi)了400家店面,主要涉及Kay和Zales這兩個(gè)最大的品牌??偟膩?lái)說(shuō),她關(guān)閉了Signet的20%的實(shí)體店面,如今其美國(guó)店面數(shù)量為2,500家。

德羅索斯還通過(guò)加大對(duì)客戶的研究力度來(lái)為其改革提供指引。盡管消費(fèi)者一直在告訴Signet自己已經(jīng)做好了在線購(gòu)物的準(zhǔn)備,但沒(méi)有得到管理層的真正重視。珠寶購(gòu)買(mǎi)是零售行業(yè)抗拒電商最后的堡壘之一,而Signet在此前卻并不怎么重視這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。[蒂芙尼在電商方面也是行動(dòng)遲緩;自兩年前收購(gòu)蒂芙尼之后,路威酩軒(LVMH)的首要任務(wù)便是把這家奢華珠寶商發(fā)展成為電商業(yè)務(wù)的巨頭。]

這位新首席執(zhí)行官意識(shí)到,電商不僅僅是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)促進(jìn)交易的網(wǎng)站,同時(shí)還要讓人們能夠在進(jìn)店前對(duì)其產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行甄選。她在擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官之后首先采取的一個(gè)舉措便是于2017年收購(gòu)了JamesAllen.com,不僅僅是因?yàn)樵摼W(wǎng)站有著龐大的業(yè)務(wù),同時(shí)還因?yàn)樗鼡碛杏型嵏层@石行業(yè)的技術(shù),這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以生成網(wǎng)站上所有販賣(mài)寶石的360度高分辨率影像,同時(shí)還能夠創(chuàng)建一個(gè)虛擬展示廳,為買(mǎi)家提供數(shù)萬(wàn)枚鉆石進(jìn)行挑選。如今,這一技術(shù)也可以被用于Jared和Kay的網(wǎng)站。德羅索斯稱(chēng):“如今,人們能夠在網(wǎng)站上更好地觀賞鉆石,而且比在店面更清楚,因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詫⑵浞糯?,并以高分辨率圖像展示?!?/p>

科技還能夠通過(guò)新奇的方式發(fā)揮作用,尤其是庫(kù)存管理方面。如果勞德代爾堡的店面的一枚戒指無(wú)人問(wèn)津,那么明尼那波利斯的銷(xiāo)售人員便可以將其銷(xiāo)售給客戶。所有這一切意味著商品的周轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)變得更快,也就會(huì)給店面帶來(lái)更多的新商品,而“新款”則會(huì)吸引客戶,并維持業(yè)務(wù)的利潤(rùn)率。

有鑒于新冠疫情帶來(lái)的巨大威脅,將電商作為業(yè)務(wù)重點(diǎn)最終為公司帶來(lái)了好運(yùn)。2020年年中,Signet一直都在應(yīng)對(duì)春末關(guān)閉店面數(shù)周所帶來(lái)的影響,畢竟,Zales、Kay和Jared都不是必需品零售商。Signet不顧一切的想要確保營(yíng)收不會(huì)大幅下滑,并加速采用虛擬銷(xiāo)售和路邊取貨等方式來(lái)迎合不愿意與其他人密切接觸的消費(fèi)者。公司2020年的總銷(xiāo)售額下滑了15%,但這段經(jīng)歷為Signet提供了一些寶貴的新力量。2017年,Signet的線上銷(xiāo)售額占比約為5%,如今這一比例達(dá)到了23%。

收購(gòu)線上珠寶零售商James Allen的交易也反映了Signet并購(gòu)策略的轉(zhuǎn)變。公司長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直專(zhuān)注于收購(gòu)實(shí)體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手;如今,它更關(guān)注于構(gòu)建其電商業(yè)務(wù)的交易,或至少能夠獲得新客戶的交易。這一舉措的核心人物便是瓊·希爾森,此前供職于維多利亞的秘密(Victoria’s Secret),自20世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始為Signet效力,德羅索斯于2018年聘請(qǐng)她擔(dān)任公司的策略與財(cái)務(wù)主管。

德羅索斯和希爾森的一個(gè)宏大目標(biāo)就是解決Signet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表存在的高杠桿問(wèn)題,并通過(guò)削減Signet經(jīng)營(yíng)構(gòu)架的成本來(lái)提振盈利能力。自2017年以來(lái),Signet將其長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)削減了80%,降至1.47億美元,公司2021年的經(jīng)營(yíng)利潤(rùn)率為11.6%,是三年前的兩倍多。這一更加強(qiáng)勁的現(xiàn)金流讓Signet能夠放心大膽地開(kāi)展收購(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)。希爾森說(shuō):“此舉為公司帶來(lái)了拓展市場(chǎng)的流動(dòng)性,并讓公司發(fā)展壯大?!?/p>

公司收購(gòu)了德羅索斯關(guān)注了數(shù)年的Blue Nile。作為首個(gè)大型專(zhuān)業(yè)線上珠寶零售商,Blue Nile在10年前便引發(fā)了業(yè)界的轟動(dòng)。然而,該品牌始終未能一飛沖天,其最高的年?duì)I收為5億美元。Signet在2022年9月以3.6億美元的現(xiàn)金收購(gòu)了該公司,拿下了這個(gè)有著出眾虛擬展示廳以及不俗年輕客戶群的電商網(wǎng)站。Signet在2022年還完成了對(duì)租賃公司Rocksbox、小型專(zhuān)營(yíng)連鎖店Diamonds Direct,以及幫助Signet提供保養(yǎng)和估值服務(wù)的多家公司的收購(gòu)。

這一系列收購(gòu)交易讓Signet這個(gè)巨頭越發(fā)龐大。該公司旗下的零售品牌從2017年的8個(gè)增至如今的11個(gè)。這一現(xiàn)象也引發(fā)了一個(gè)新問(wèn)題:Signet是否可以保持這些品牌不斷增長(zhǎng),而且不會(huì)讓顧客感到困惑或者引發(fā)品牌之間的內(nèi)卷。零售分析師利布曼表示:“這些品牌的數(shù)量著實(shí)不少。如果不小心的話,就很有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致自身業(yè)務(wù)的碎片化和相互吞噬?!辈贿^(guò)到目前為止,公司的三大連鎖品牌Kay、Jared和Zales都再次恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng),主要原因在于德羅索斯的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠下決心去關(guān)閉那些應(yīng)該關(guān)閉的店面。

應(yīng)對(duì)有害的公司文化

如果沒(méi)有改變Signet的文化,德羅索斯也就無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)Signet的翻身。與眾多零售商一樣,Signet一直都是一家以女性員工和女性客戶為主的公司,但領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層大多數(shù)都是男性。在德羅索斯擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),這種格局變得難以為繼。

在《華盛頓郵報(bào)》(Washington Post)2017年2月一則令人極為震驚的報(bào)道發(fā)布之后,轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)了。當(dāng)時(shí),這則報(bào)道稱(chēng)性騷擾在Signet已經(jīng)成為一種猖獗的系統(tǒng)性現(xiàn)象,而且從上到下的男性主管皆是如此。該報(bào)道明確提到了2014年擔(dān)任Signet首席執(zhí)行官的Signet終身員工馬克·萊特。除了其他的指控之外,報(bào)道稱(chēng)有人看到萊特在企業(yè)活動(dòng)中與“全裸和半裸的女性雇員”待在泳池里。萊特和Signet一再否認(rèn)這項(xiàng)指控。然而,萊特以未詳細(xì)說(shuō)明的健康問(wèn)題為由,于2017年夏季離開(kāi)了公司。與此同時(shí),其他有牽連的經(jīng)理也相繼離職。2022年,Signet和解了有關(guān)起訴公司在招聘和薪酬制度中存在性別歧視的集體訴訟案,并向6.8萬(wàn)名現(xiàn)任和前雇員賠償了1.75億美元。

這種有害的文化并非只涉及猖獗的品行不端行為,它還滋生了業(yè)務(wù)方面的獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行,以男性為主導(dǎo)的管理者們并不會(huì)傾聽(tīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)員工所反映的問(wèn)題,也就是Signet以女性為主導(dǎo)的員工。德羅索斯稱(chēng),自2012年成為公司董事以來(lái),她一直在推動(dòng)Signet員工和文化的多元化舉措。她表示,在她擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官之后,董事會(huì)讓其加速這一舉措。

修復(fù)充滿恐懼和厭惡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的文化是一件異常困難的事情。德羅索斯說(shuō):“這也是在接受這份工作時(shí)令我感到最緊張的事情之一?!彼钕炔扇〉钠渲幸粋€(gè)舉措就是,將多元化和包容性目標(biāo)融入每一位管理者的評(píng)估指標(biāo),并制定了性騷擾零容忍政策。她回憶道:“我打算從零開(kāi)始。我不會(huì)重蹈覆轍?!比缃?,42%的副總裁級(jí)別以上雇員都是女性,在店面層面,76%的副經(jīng)理以上職員都是女性。她指出:“這個(gè)水平的占比讓所有雇員對(duì)未來(lái)的可能性充滿了憧憬?!?/p>

另一個(gè)重要的拯救措施是,將更多的自主權(quán)和管理權(quán)限下放至店面。當(dāng)?shù)铝_索斯開(kāi)始擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官時(shí),她讓各個(gè)店面召開(kāi)團(tuán)隊(duì)會(huì)議,甚至傾聽(tīng)客戶服務(wù)電話,從而了解都有哪些需要真正改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題。德羅索斯表示:“我很快意識(shí)到,公司的文化基本上是自上而下的命令與控制。公司內(nèi)部并不缺乏人才,我們需要做的就是釋放其才干?!钡昝娼?jīng)理如今對(duì)于Signet連鎖店的銷(xiāo)售商品擁有更大的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。這一舉措,結(jié)合重疊店面的關(guān)閉,幫助大幅提升了單店銷(xiāo)售額:Signet店面平均年銷(xiāo)售額較新冠疫情前提升了50%。

這一成功的策略反映了德羅索斯自身的歷史:她稱(chēng),自己在寶潔工作的25年期間,有求必應(yīng)的高層給予的支持讓其獲益匪淺。她提到了其導(dǎo)師雷富禮(A.G. Lafley),這位傳奇般的首席執(zhí)行官曾經(jīng)在21世紀(jì)初領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這家消費(fèi)巨頭東山再起。正是在寶潔的經(jīng)歷讓德羅索斯懂得了對(duì)一線信息進(jìn)行快速響應(yīng)的重要性。她將這些洞見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng),并因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)知名護(hù)膚品牌玉蘭油(Olay)重振雄風(fēng)而聲名鵲起。

由于深入掌握了令寶潔得以成名的市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù),德羅索斯看到了存在于奢華高價(jià)百貨店品牌與低價(jià)藥店品牌之間的護(hù)膚市場(chǎng)。玉蘭油在沃爾瑪(Walmart)或者CVS的單品售價(jià)均不超過(guò)10美元。她回憶道:“這中間存在著巨大的空白?!币虼?,她打造了25美元的保濕霜,并稱(chēng)其品質(zhì)可以與在尼曼百貨(Neiman Marcus)售價(jià)數(shù)百美元的奢華美容品牌海藍(lán)之謎(La Mer)媲美。這一豪賭得到了回報(bào):在其卸任時(shí),玉蘭油的年銷(xiāo)售額從其執(zhí)掌伊始的2.5億美元增至25億美元。德羅索斯說(shuō):“這一切完全在于理解消費(fèi)者的需求,并打造能夠?yàn)樽陨韼?lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的顛覆性產(chǎn)品。”

起伏不定的未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)走向

盡管Signet最近大獲成功,但宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)一直在提醒德羅索斯及其團(tuán)隊(duì)他們所取得的成就有多脆弱。在最近的一個(gè)季度中,Signet同比銷(xiāo)售或業(yè)務(wù),不計(jì)新開(kāi)設(shè)或關(guān)閉店面和業(yè)務(wù)單元的影響,下滑了7.6%。這個(gè)成績(jī)基本上是必然的,因?yàn)樵谝荒昵埃鹿谝咔榫徑庵?,銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)?cè)?jīng)出現(xiàn)了大幅回彈。不管怎么樣,華爾街預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)三年該公司的銷(xiāo)售增速將非常有限。分析師預(yù)計(jì)其年銷(xiāo)售額屆時(shí)將在80億美元附近徘徊。

為了挺過(guò)日趨疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,公司將不得不繼續(xù)遵循德羅索斯密切關(guān)注客戶需求的策略。公司在2022年進(jìn)一步提升了Jared的檔次,并調(diào)高了售價(jià),同時(shí),Kay將更密切地關(guān)注婚禮珠寶,Zales則主打時(shí)尚。分析師稱(chēng),類(lèi)似舉動(dòng)將有助于保護(hù)其市場(chǎng)份額和利潤(rùn)率。GlobalData的董事總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯表示:“在調(diào)整其產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)、服務(wù)和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)來(lái)更好地迎合消費(fèi)者方面,Signet還是可圈可點(diǎn)的?!?/p>

德羅索斯在2022年嘗試了Signet的婚禮戒指服務(wù),她與James Allen的員工一道在2021年自己的婚禮之前設(shè)計(jì)了其訂婚戒指。這枚戒指采用了20世紀(jì)30年代的意大利裝飾藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)。她回憶道:“一開(kāi)始,他們并沒(méi)有找到可以讓其感到足夠自豪的鑲嵌鉆石,因此他們讓我等了一段時(shí)間?!钡却侵档玫模f(shuō):“我自己也算是一個(gè)前衛(wèi)高調(diào)的人。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

Most passersby at the mall don’t realize it, but America’s big, ubiquitous jewelry store chains are designed to serve different needs. Zales, for example, is more focused on fashion and trends and gifts for oneself—the kind of jewelry you might wear to the office, or to a casual party in your neighborhood. If you were looking for something more out of the ordinary, a gift for someone to celebrate a big life event like an anniversary or an engagement, you’d probably be more likely to go to Kay. And if you were going shopping with a substantially bigger budget and dip into quasi-luxury, willing to spend, say, $3,000 or more, you might leave the mall and go to a nearby Jared, which tracks higher-end.

Another thing most shoppers don’t realize is that all three of those chains—each a national brand with hundreds of stores—are owned by the same company: Signet Jewelers, a jewelry-retail behemoth headquartered in Ohio and incorporated in Bermuda. It’s a company celebrating a resurgence, thanks in no small part to Gina Drosos, a longtime Signet board member and consumer-goods veteran who became CEO in 2017.

And for the record, the jewelry Drosos is wearing—on a Zoom call with a reporter—is Zales all the way. “I really enjoy the idea of jewelry as a fashion item, and how you stack and layer different pieces,” Drosos says, her voice revealing a slight Southern drawl. She runs her fingers across her set of three gold necklaces and explains that a Zales consultant gave her pointers on how to get the look she wanted—trendy, but still professional.

The Signet empire may not always be trendy, but it has considerably 1more momentum these days than it did when Drosos, the company’s first female CEO, took the helm. Not so long ago, it was not nearly as clear-cut what purpose each of Signet’s three biggest chains were most suitable for. Indeed, as Signet fell into a rut during the 2010s, its biggest banners cannibalized each other and started to become almost indistinguishable. Drosos recalls a time when any sales event at Zales would mean a corresponding drop in business at Kay, a problem made all the worse given that the chains often operated rival stores within yards of each other at the same tired malls. “We had all of our banners pretty much on top of each other in the middle tier,” says Drosos.

A clearer delineation between Signet’s top three brands, which together generate 77% of company sales, was just one item on the CEO’s long to-do list. Despite being the single largest jeweler in the country, Signet was dealing with a litany of major problems when Drosos took over. Zales, which Signet had acquired in 2014, turned out to be booby-trapped—a debt-laden retailer with too many terrible stores, losing favor with both customers and suppliers. Signet’s balance sheet was being dragged down by its store credit-card business; and it had all but ignored e-commerce. Overlaid on all that was the fallout from massive sexual discrimination and sexual harassment cases that culminated with the departure of Drosos’s predecessor.

So far, Drosos’s plan to reinvent Signet—a strategy shaped by her decades of experience at Procter & Gamble, as well as by a stint as CEO of a genetic-testing startup—has registered some big successes. Signet has shed hundreds of weak stores in the Kay and Zales chains and reduced its reliance on discounting. It sold off that credit-card business. And it has finally adapted to the e-commerce era, thanks to deals such as its recent acquisitions of retail site Blue Nile and the rental service Rocksbox. Drosos has also begun to change Signet’s culture—by making sure shell-shocked employees, primarily women, feel heard and included and are willing to buy into management’s vision, and by dramatically overhauling the board.

Signet sales hit $7.8 billion in 2021—up 22% from Drosos’s first year in the corner office, and up 50% from their pandemic lows—to reach a new record. In mid-December 2022, Signet reported better than expected sales and profits results for its third quarter, bolstering Drosos’s claims of success.

At the same time, there has been no shortage of reminders of Signet’s challenges. Sales have been hit by inflation as customers have pared back on jewelry, a discretionary category if ever there was one. Kay, Zales, and even Jared shoppers are not Tiffany shoppers, let alone Cartier, after all—they’re not the kinds of people likely to spend big on jewelry when times get tight. The mid- and lower tiers of the U.S. jewelry market are under enormous pressure, says Wendy Liebmann, CEO of WSL Strategic Retail: “We have come out of the pandemic and into inflation, where people are saying, ‘Do I really need it?’”

This holiday season could provide an early answer to that question: Signet typically gets 30% of annual sales in November and December. But whether jewelry shoppers show themselves to be skittish, bullish, or somewhere in between, there’s much work left to be done, all the more given that Wall Street is expecting hardly any sales growth in the next two years for Signet.

Drosos’s game plan will have to be about winning more market share by outdoing its rivals; further diversifying its businesses; and staying committed to e-commerce, lest it fall back into stagnation. “We were running an old playbook that had worked for the previous decade,” says Drosos. “We were much more about the merchandise, and working with vendors, than we were about listening to consumers.” The question is whether a new playbook and a new culture will keep Signet on an even keel in choppier waters.

The biggest jeweler, but with room to grow

Signet competes in a highly fragmented industry, where small regional chains and independent stores dominate. While it’s America’s biggest jeweler, it controls only 9.3% of a $76 billion market. It owes its size to 160 years of jewelry M&A.

The company’s portfolio dates back to the founding in 1862 of British jeweler H. Samuel. H. Samuel was absorbed in the 1980s by Ratner Jewelers, a conglomerate of U.K. and U.S. regional chains, that around the same time also absorbed Sterling Jewelers. Ratner changed its name to Signet in 1993. Today, Kay, a former anchor of the Sterling empire, generates 38% of Signet sales, while Zales accounts for 22%, and Jared 17%. Signet also owns Banter by Piercing Pagoda, the mall kiosk fixture where countless Americans had their earlobes punctured for the first time. Signet gets about 6% of sales in Britain and Ireland, 3% in Canada, and the rest in the States.

Signet’s size made it dominant for decades—but like many industry leaders, it became sclerotic. The 2014 acquisition of Zale Corp., at the time Signet’s main rival, looks in hindsight like a classic example of a company buying the growth that it couldn’t capture organically. The deal saddled Signet with more debt, along with a chain of stores that needed a big physical fix-up job, and had massive geographic and stylistic overlap with Kay. The strategic problem soon showed in the top line: Signet’s total sales peaked at $6.55 billion in the fiscal year ended in early 2016, then declined for the next five years, taking operating profitability down in the process.

That was the point at which Drosos stepped up. Drosos, a Signet director since 2012, had spent 25 years at P&G, rising to head of its beauty business. She had then detoured into biotech startup territory, becoming CEO at Assurex Health, a genetic testing company, and guiding it for four years until it got acquired. There, she says, she deepened her understanding of the power of data in decision-making—a knowledge that would prove pivotal in her new role.

Among the first obvious fixes on her plate was the need to cut stores in the Kay and Zales chains. Drosos ended up closing 1,250 stores across the company while opening 400 in better locations, with much of that change in the two biggest banners. All told, she closed 20% of Signet’s physical locations, which now number 2,500 stores in the U.S.

Drosos also turned to deeper customer research to guide her reforms. One of the things consumers were telling Signet but that management hadn’t really heard was that they were ready to shop online. Jewelry shopping was one of the last ramparts in retail to resist e-commerce, and it was an opportunity Signet had previously seemed to yawn at. (Tiffany was also late to e-commerce; LVMH, which bought Tiffany two years ago, has made turning the luxury jeweler into an e-commerce powerhouse a top priority.)

The new CEO realized that e-commerce wasn’t just about having a site that facilitates transactions, but about enabling people to conduct research before setting foot in stores. In one of her first moves as CEO, Drosos in 2017 bought JamesAllen.com—not because the site was a big business, but because it had tech that would upend the diamond industry. Its technology generates a 360-degree, high-definition image of every stone sold on the site, creating a virtual showroom in which buyers can choose from tens of thousands of diamonds. And that tech can now be used by the websites of Jared and Kay, too. “People can now see a diamond on our website better than they can see it in person, because we can blow it up and show it to them in HD,” boasts Drosos.

Tech has also been helpful in nerdy ways, specifically inventory management. If a ring is sitting unsold in a store in Fort Lauderdale, a salesperson in Minneapolis can access it for a customer. All this has meant a faster turnover of goods, meaning more fresh inventory in stores, and “newness” to draw in customers and protect profit margins.

Making e-commerce a priority turned out to be fortuitous, given the massive threat that would come from the COVID-19 pandemic. By mid-2020, Signet was dealing with the fallout of having stores closed for weeks on end in the spring—after all, Zales, Kay, and Jared were anything but essential retailers. Desperate to make sure revenue didn’t crater, the company sped the adoption of options like virtual selling and curbside pickup to accommodate shoppers wary of being in close quarters with others. Overall sales fell 15% in 2020, but the experience gave Signet some valuable new muscles. In 2017, some 5% of Signet’s sales were online; that rate now stands at 23%.

The James Allen deal also reflected a shift in Signet’s M&A strategy. The company had long been focused on buying out brick-and-mortar rivals; now, it’s more focused on deals that build up its e-commerce firepower, or at least win new customers. Central to this effort is Joan Hilson, a Victoria’s Secret alum who worked for Signet in the 1980s and whom Drosos hired in 2018 to be her strategy and finance chief.

One of Drosos and Hilson’s big goals was to fix Signet’s balance sheet, which was highly leveraged, and to bolster profitability by taking costs out of Signet’s operating structure. Since 2017, Signet has lowered its long-term debt by 80% to $147 million; and its operating profit margin was 11.6% in 2021, more than twice what it was just three years earlier. That stronger cash flow frees Signet to make bets through acquisitions. “It has generated liquidity for us to go out and grow our company,” says Hilson.

Take Blue Nile, which Drosos had been eyeing for years. Blue Nile created a sensation a decade ago as the first big online-only jewelry retailer. But the brand never truly took off, plateauing at $500 million a year in revenue. Signet bought it in September 2022 for $360 million, all cash, grabbing an e-commerce site with impressive virtual showrooms and an appealing young customer base. Other buys in 2022 include Rocksbox, a rental company; a small, specialized store chain called Diamonds Direct; and companies that help Signet offer services like maintenance and valuations.

The buying spree has made the Signet conglomerate even more sprawling: The company now has 11 retail banners under its umbrella, up from eight in 2017. That raises anew the question of whether Signet can keep the brands growing without confusing shoppers and competing against itself. “That’s an extraordinary accumulation of brands,” says Liebmann, the retail analyst. “There’s a lot of potential for fragmentation and cannibalizing your own business if you’re not careful.” But for now, the three big chains—Kay, Jared, and Zales—are growing simultaneously again, not least because Drosos’s team had the discipline to close the stores that needed to be closed.

Tackling a toxic culture

Drosos would not have been able to effect this turnaround without changing Signet’s culture. Like many retailers, Signet had long been a company with a mostly female workforce, a mostly female clientele, and mostly male leadership. By the time Drosos became CEO, that lineup had created an untenable situation.

The breaking point came after a devastating Washington Post story in February of 2017 that alleged years of systemic, rampant sexual harassment by male supervisors all the way up the chain of command. The story specifically implicated Mark Light, a Signet lifer who became CEO in 2014. Among other allegations, Light reportedly was seen in a pool with “nude and partially undressed female employees” at a corporate retreat. Light and Signet repeatedly denied the allegations. But Light left in the summer of 2017, citing unspecified health issues, and other implicated managers also departed. And in 2022, Signet settled a class action suit alleging gender bias in its hiring and compensation practices, shelling out $175 million to 68,000 current and former employees.

The toxic culture went beyond rampant misbehavior: It also took the form of a quasi-autocratic approach to business in which the bosses, disproportionately men, didn’t listen to what people in the field, the predominantly female frontline Signet workers, were seeing. Drosos, says that as a board member from 2012, she had always pushed for Signet to diversify its workforce and culture. When she became CEO, she says, the board told her to accelerate that effort.

Fixing a culture of fear and risk aversion is a tall order. “It was one of the things that made me the most nervous about taking this job,” Drosos says. Among her first moves: Making diversity and inclusion goals part of every leaders’ evaluation and creating a zero-tolerance policy for sexual harassment. “I’m going to create a clean slate. I’m not going to let history be our future,” she recalls thinking. Today, 42% of Signet employees at the vice-president level or higher are women; at the store level, 76% of assistant managers or higher are female. “Representation at that level sets a vision for all employees of what’s possible,” she said.

Another key fix: giving more autonomy and authority to store-level management. When she started as CEO, Drosos made the rounds of stores, sitting in on team meetings and even listening in on customer service calls to get a sense of what truly needed fixing. “What I realized very quickly was that it was quite a top-down culture of command and control,” she says. “We had brilliance in the organization that we just needed to unleash.” Store managers have a lot more say now in what Signet’s chains will carry. That move, combined with the closures of overlapping stores, has helped make individual stores far more productive: The average Signet store now generates 50% more in annual sales than it did pre-pandemic.

That coup reflects Drosos’s own history: She says she benefited from support from responsive higher-ups in her 25 years at Procter & Gamble. She counts among her mentors A.G. Lafley, the iconic CEO credited with leading a turnaround at the consumer giant in the early 2000s. It was at P&G that Drosos understood the importance of responding quickly to information from the front lines. She put those insights into action, and made her reputation, with her turnaround of famed skin-care brand Olay.

Armed with the in-depth market data for which P&G is famed, Drosos saw a big white space in the skin-care market between fancy, pricey department store brands, and low-price drugstore brands. Olay wasn’t selling a single product over $10 at Walmart or CVS. “There was a big gap,” she recalls. So she created a $25 moisturizer that she argued was on par with Crème de la Mer, a luxury beauty product sold at Neiman Marcus for hundreds of dollars a jar. The gambit took off: A brand that had seen $250 million in annual sales when she took it over had reached $2.5 billion a year by the time she was done with it. “It was really all about consumer understanding, and creating disruptions that would form a competitive advantage for us,” says Drosos.

A choppy economy ahead

For all of Signet’s recent success, the economy keeps reminding Drosos and her team how fragile that progress can be. In its most recent quarter, Signet’s comparable sales, or business excluding newly added or removed stores and business units, fell by 7.6%. Much of that drop was just the law of arithmetic after the dramatic sales bounce-back a year ago as the pandemic eased. Nonetheless, Wall Street is expecting very limited sales growth over the next three years, with analysts predicting that annual sales will hover at about $8 billion during that time.

To power through a softening economy, the company will have to keep following Drosos’s playbook of listening closely to what customers want. It has recently taken Jared further upscale with higher price points, and focused Kay more tightly on bridal jewelry and Zales on fashion, and analysts say moves like that could help protect its market share and margins. “Signet deserves credit for pivoting its assortment, services, and marketing to better cater to consumers,” says Neil Saunders, managing director of GlobalData.

Drosos recently got to try out Signet’s bridal-ring services, working with staff at James Allen to design her own engagement ring ahead of her marriage in 2021. The ring had an Italian Art Deco design from the 1930s. “They couldn’t find a diamond that they were proud enough of to put in the ring at first, and so they made me wait,” she recalls. The wait was well worth it, she says: “I’m a bit more of a bold statement maker myself.”

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