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越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)年輕人選擇與父母同住

ALICIA ADAMCZYK
2023-06-02

與家人同住使得她能夠償還更多學(xué)生貸款。

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28歲的艾琳·克勞利(Erin Crawley)與父親和繼母一起生活了一年半時(shí)間。這使她能夠償還學(xué)生貸款,并開(kāi)始為買房存錢。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF ERIN CRAWLEY

2016年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,艾琳·克勞利搬到了達(dá)拉斯,她興奮地開(kāi)始精心規(guī)劃自己的成年生活,包括自己的公寓、社交安排和職業(yè)生涯。不那么令人興奮的是:隨之而來(lái)的所有賬單。

“我之前的財(cái)務(wù)狀況還不錯(cuò)。我那時(shí)正在償還學(xué)生貸款,還能夠支付房租和一切費(fèi)用。但我只支付了最低還款額?!?8歲的克勞利告訴《財(cái)富》雜志?!拔蚁霚p輕壓力?!?/p>

由于賬單吞噬了她的大部分收入,她在數(shù)年時(shí)間里做著兩份工作,只為了多進(jìn)行一點(diǎn)消費(fèi)而無(wú)需感到內(nèi)疚。到2021年底,她的壓力已經(jīng)非常大了。面對(duì)每月400美元的租金上漲,克勞利采取了傳言中的、經(jīng)常被人詬病的做法(許多千禧一代都采取了這樣的做法):她決定搬去和父親和繼母同住,以節(jié)省開(kāi)支,并償還學(xué)生貸款。在過(guò)去的一年半時(shí)間里,這是個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的安排??藙诶≡谧约旱呐P室里,無(wú)需支付租金,遠(yuǎn)程從事?tīng)I(yíng)銷工作。作為回報(bào),她偶爾會(huì)照看兩個(gè)妹妹,并負(fù)擔(dān)部分雜貨費(fèi)用和水電費(fèi)。

“在電影里,一位年輕女孩搬到大都市,擁有了自己的公寓,這就是我的夢(mèng)想。當(dāng)我做到這一點(diǎn)時(shí),我覺(jué)得自己很了不起,很有成就感。但我賺的錢遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠維持生活?!彼f(shuō)。

與家人同住使得她能夠償還更多學(xué)生貸款,今年早些時(shí)候,她償清了4.1萬(wàn)美元的全部貸款余額,比她最初每月支付最低還款額時(shí)的預(yù)期提前了七年?,F(xiàn)在,她正在為退休和旅游等其他目標(biāo)積極存錢。

她說(shuō):“與父母同住真的讓我可以把資金用在提高生活質(zhì)量上。我的生活成本很低。我很幸運(yùn)能與父母同住?!?/p>

美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,過(guò)去幾十年來(lái),美國(guó)年輕人與父母同住或住在另一種類型的多代同堂家庭中的比例一直在上升,尤其是年齡在25歲至34歲之間的年輕人。主要原因是不斷上升的學(xué)生貸款負(fù)擔(dān)和住房成本,尤其是在大城市。

盡管越來(lái)越多的千禧一代搬回家住在美國(guó)文化中會(huì)招致負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)——36%的美國(guó)人告訴皮尤研究中心(Pew),越來(lái)越多的年輕人和父母同住對(duì)社會(huì)有害,個(gè)人理財(cái)專家戴夫·拉姆齊(Dave Ramsey)稱他們?yōu)椤盎疖嚉埡 薄藙诶推渌?0多歲的人說(shuō),只要你和家人相處融洽,這是一個(gè)明智的財(cái)務(wù)決定。由于天價(jià)租金、學(xué)生貸款,以及從雜貨、汽油到水電等的價(jià)格的不斷上漲,許多年輕工作者都表示,他們過(guò)著月光族的生活,根本無(wú)法儲(chǔ)蓄,更不用說(shuō)堅(jiān)持理財(cái)顧問(wèn)建議的將20%的收入用于銀行儲(chǔ)蓄的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則了。他們說(shuō),這種經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況讓他們很難成為一個(gè)“經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的成年人”。

在儲(chǔ)蓄方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)

在過(guò)去的十多年里,人們對(duì)千禧一代與父母同住以及被認(rèn)為陷入發(fā)展停滯的狀態(tài)(Z世代,下一個(gè)就是你了)感到非常絕望。

但先鋒集團(tuán)(Vanguard)的理財(cái)顧問(wèn)蒂安娜·帕蒂羅(Tiana Patillo)表示,與父母同住讓年輕人有機(jī)會(huì)為自己的資金制定計(jì)劃,同時(shí)了解作為成年人的財(cái)務(wù)義務(wù)。當(dāng)生活成本變得像如今這樣高昂,工資上漲幅度跟不上物價(jià)上漲幅度時(shí),那些得到支持的人并不是火車殘骸——他們只是在日益難以維持的情況下充分利用資源而已。

帕蒂羅說(shuō):“這給了你一個(gè)制定戰(zhàn)略、追求目標(biāo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的機(jī)會(huì)。不要操之過(guò)急。我從未想過(guò)作為一個(gè)成年人的代價(jià)。當(dāng)你急于完成這件事時(shí),有時(shí)會(huì)讓自己陷入不利境地。我們很多人都是入不敷出?!?/p>

出于隱私原因,瑪羅林(Mallory)要求隱去自己的姓氏。2019年底,她搬到了當(dāng)時(shí)男友的家里,以便在房?jī)r(jià)高昂的舊金山灣區(qū)攢錢買房。當(dāng)新冠疫情來(lái)襲時(shí),他們希望這種生活安排能持續(xù)數(shù)月。直到2021年底,他們才搬出去住。

“我們厭倦了在城里付房租生活。我們住在一個(gè)蹩腳的公寓里;那里不斷在施工,我們?yōu)樽≡谀抢镏Ц读烁甙旱淖饨?。”瑪羅林告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,他們從2021年10月開(kāi)始租了一年期的公寓,每月租金約為3500美元?!拔覀兒苄疫\(yùn)有這個(gè)選擇?!?/p>

幸運(yùn)的是(這對(duì)夫婦很快意識(shí)到),他們?cè)谝荒旰蟀峄亓怂缃竦钠牌偶?。他們現(xiàn)在還住在那里。

在與婆婆同住期間,這位27歲的年輕人和她的丈夫能夠用積蓄支付婚禮的大部分費(fèi)用,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)退休賬戶的個(gè)人供款部分達(dá)到最高限額,并實(shí)現(xiàn)其他儲(chǔ)蓄目標(biāo)。這與她大學(xué)畢業(yè)搬到舊金山,過(guò)著月光族的生活的時(shí)候有著天壤之別。

“與父母同住有著負(fù)面含義,因?yàn)槲覀儚男【捅还噍斶@樣的思想,作為成年人,要讀書(shū),還要找份工作。如果你搬回來(lái)住,你就不是在按部就班地行事。但事情不一定非得這樣?!?/p>

建立更牢固的關(guān)系

瑪羅林和她的丈夫獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的便利,而且他們真的很享受和公公、婆婆在一起的時(shí)光:他們分?jǐn)偹娰M(fèi)和雜貨費(fèi),瑪羅林經(jīng)常為大家做飯(對(duì)有環(huán)保意識(shí)的一代來(lái)說(shuō),另一大好處是:減少食物浪費(fèi))。她還喜歡和婆婆一起徒步旅行和追《繼承之戰(zhàn)》(Succession )。

她說(shuō):“如果我們不住在這里,我就不會(huì)和他們這么親近。這讓我有機(jī)會(huì)更接近他的家人,這很有意義?!?/p>

雖然瑪羅林不愿說(shuō)她目前的生活的諸多缺點(diǎn),但她很高興有一天能裝飾自己的家,重新?lián)碛凶约旱目臻g。在扮演了多年畢恭畢敬的房客之后,她期待著在忙碌一天之后,可以在水槽里留下幾個(gè)臟盤子。

和瑪羅林一樣,克勞利和父母、兄弟姐妹的關(guān)系也越來(lái)越親密,她很珍惜和父母一起生活的日子。她說(shuō),在她的菲律賓家庭里,多代同堂被認(rèn)為是常態(tài)。“我的父母甚至不知道我當(dāng)初為什么要離開(kāi)?!彼_(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)。

她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“這讓我更加重視社區(qū)。我們需要其他人的支持,這就是人類的生活方式。為了在這個(gè)世界上生存下來(lái),我們需要其他人的支持。和家人同住讓我想起了這一點(diǎn)?!?/p>

但她的安排有一點(diǎn)不太理想,那就是她的社交生活。雖然她還和老朋友們聊天,但她的父母住在巴爾的摩郊區(qū)。結(jié)識(shí)新朋友或戀人并不那么容易。

克勞利說(shuō):“在我看來(lái),這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)自由而做出的暫時(shí)性讓步。未來(lái)一兩年,我可能會(huì)考慮搬回達(dá)拉斯或其他城市。因此,我可以接受自己的社交生活跌入谷底的情況?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

2016年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,艾琳·克勞利搬到了達(dá)拉斯,她興奮地開(kāi)始精心規(guī)劃自己的成年生活,包括自己的公寓、社交安排和職業(yè)生涯。不那么令人興奮的是:隨之而來(lái)的所有賬單。

“我之前的財(cái)務(wù)狀況還不錯(cuò)。我那時(shí)正在償還學(xué)生貸款,還能夠支付房租和一切費(fèi)用。但我只支付了最低還款額?!?8歲的克勞利告訴《財(cái)富》雜志?!拔蚁霚p輕壓力?!?/p>

由于賬單吞噬了她的大部分收入,她在數(shù)年時(shí)間里做著兩份工作,只為了多進(jìn)行一點(diǎn)消費(fèi)而無(wú)需感到內(nèi)疚。到2021年底,她的壓力已經(jīng)非常大了。面對(duì)每月400美元的租金上漲,克勞利采取了傳言中的、經(jīng)常被人詬病的做法(許多千禧一代都采取了這樣的做法):她決定搬去和父親和繼母同住,以節(jié)省開(kāi)支,并償還學(xué)生貸款。在過(guò)去的一年半時(shí)間里,這是個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的安排??藙诶≡谧约旱呐P室里,無(wú)需支付租金,遠(yuǎn)程從事?tīng)I(yíng)銷工作。作為回報(bào),她偶爾會(huì)照看兩個(gè)妹妹,并負(fù)擔(dān)部分雜貨費(fèi)用和水電費(fèi)。

“在電影里,一位年輕女孩搬到大都市,擁有了自己的公寓,這就是我的夢(mèng)想。當(dāng)我做到這一點(diǎn)時(shí),我覺(jué)得自己很了不起,很有成就感。但我賺的錢遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠維持生活?!彼f(shuō)。

與家人同住使得她能夠償還更多學(xué)生貸款,今年早些時(shí)候,她償清了4.1萬(wàn)美元的全部貸款余額,比她最初每月支付最低還款額時(shí)的預(yù)期提前了七年?,F(xiàn)在,她正在為退休和旅游等其他目標(biāo)積極存錢。

她說(shuō):“與父母同住真的讓我可以把資金用在提高生活質(zhì)量上。我的生活成本很低。我很幸運(yùn)能與父母同住。”

美國(guó)人口普查局(U.S. Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,過(guò)去幾十年來(lái),美國(guó)年輕人與父母同住或住在另一種類型的多代同堂家庭中的比例一直在上升,尤其是年齡在25歲至34歲之間的年輕人。主要原因是不斷上升的學(xué)生貸款負(fù)擔(dān)和住房成本,尤其是在大城市。

盡管越來(lái)越多的千禧一代搬回家住在美國(guó)文化中會(huì)招致負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)——36%的美國(guó)人告訴皮尤研究中心(Pew),越來(lái)越多的年輕人和父母同住對(duì)社會(huì)有害,個(gè)人理財(cái)專家戴夫·拉姆齊(Dave Ramsey)稱他們?yōu)椤盎疖嚉埡 薄藙诶推渌?0多歲的人說(shuō),只要你和家人相處融洽,這是一個(gè)明智的財(cái)務(wù)決定。由于天價(jià)租金、學(xué)生貸款,以及從雜貨、汽油到水電等的價(jià)格的不斷上漲,許多年輕工作者都表示,他們過(guò)著月光族的生活,根本無(wú)法儲(chǔ)蓄,更不用說(shuō)堅(jiān)持理財(cái)顧問(wèn)建議的將20%的收入用于銀行儲(chǔ)蓄的經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則了。他們說(shuō),這種經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況讓他們很難成為一個(gè)“經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的成年人”。

在儲(chǔ)蓄方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)

在過(guò)去的十多年里,人們對(duì)千禧一代與父母同住以及被認(rèn)為陷入發(fā)展停滯的狀態(tài)(Z世代,下一個(gè)就是你了)感到非常絕望。

但先鋒集團(tuán)(Vanguard)的理財(cái)顧問(wèn)蒂安娜·帕蒂羅(Tiana Patillo)表示,與父母同住讓年輕人有機(jī)會(huì)為自己的資金制定計(jì)劃,同時(shí)了解作為成年人的財(cái)務(wù)義務(wù)。當(dāng)生活成本變得像如今這樣高昂,工資上漲幅度跟不上物價(jià)上漲幅度時(shí),那些得到支持的人并不是火車殘骸——他們只是在日益難以維持的情況下充分利用資源而已。

帕蒂羅說(shuō):“這給了你一個(gè)制定戰(zhàn)略、追求目標(biāo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的機(jī)會(huì)。不要操之過(guò)急。我從未想過(guò)作為一個(gè)成年人的代價(jià)。當(dāng)你急于完成這件事時(shí),有時(shí)會(huì)讓自己陷入不利境地。我們很多人都是入不敷出。”

出于隱私原因,瑪羅林(Mallory)要求隱去自己的姓氏。2019年底,她搬到了當(dāng)時(shí)男友的家里,以便在房?jī)r(jià)高昂的舊金山灣區(qū)攢錢買房。當(dāng)新冠疫情來(lái)襲時(shí),他們希望這種生活安排能持續(xù)數(shù)月。直到2021年底,他們才搬出去住。

“我們厭倦了在城里付房租生活。我們住在一個(gè)蹩腳的公寓里;那里不斷在施工,我們?yōu)樽≡谀抢镏Ц读烁甙旱淖饨稹!爆斄_林告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,他們從2021年10月開(kāi)始租了一年期的公寓,每月租金約為3500美元?!拔覀兒苄疫\(yùn)有這個(gè)選擇?!?/p>

幸運(yùn)的是(這對(duì)夫婦很快意識(shí)到),他們?cè)谝荒旰蟀峄亓怂缃竦钠牌偶?。他們現(xiàn)在還住在那里。

在與婆婆同住期間,這位27歲的年輕人和她的丈夫能夠用積蓄支付婚禮的大部分費(fèi)用,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)退休賬戶的個(gè)人供款部分達(dá)到最高限額,并實(shí)現(xiàn)其他儲(chǔ)蓄目標(biāo)。這與她大學(xué)畢業(yè)搬到舊金山,過(guò)著月光族的生活的時(shí)候有著天壤之別。

“與父母同住有著負(fù)面含義,因?yàn)槲覀儚男【捅还噍斶@樣的思想,作為成年人,要讀書(shū),還要找份工作。如果你搬回來(lái)住,你就不是在按部就班地行事。但事情不一定非得這樣?!?/p>

建立更牢固的關(guān)系

瑪羅林和她的丈夫獲得了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的便利,而且他們真的很享受和公公、婆婆在一起的時(shí)光:他們分?jǐn)偹娰M(fèi)和雜貨費(fèi),瑪羅林經(jīng)常為大家做飯(對(duì)有環(huán)保意識(shí)的一代來(lái)說(shuō),另一大好處是:減少食物浪費(fèi))。她還喜歡和婆婆一起徒步旅行和追《繼承之戰(zhàn)》(Succession )。

她說(shuō):“如果我們不住在這里,我就不會(huì)和他們這么親近。這讓我有機(jī)會(huì)更接近他的家人,這很有意義?!?/p>

雖然瑪羅林不愿說(shuō)她目前的生活的諸多缺點(diǎn),但她很高興有一天能裝飾自己的家,重新?lián)碛凶约旱目臻g。在扮演了多年畢恭畢敬的房客之后,她期待著在忙碌一天之后,可以在水槽里留下幾個(gè)臟盤子。

和瑪羅林一樣,克勞利和父母、兄弟姐妹的關(guān)系也越來(lái)越親密,她很珍惜和父母一起生活的日子。她說(shuō),在她的菲律賓家庭里,多代同堂被認(rèn)為是常態(tài)?!拔业母改干踔敛恢牢耶?dāng)初為什么要離開(kāi)?!彼_(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)。

她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“這讓我更加重視社區(qū)。我們需要其他人的支持,這就是人類的生活方式。為了在這個(gè)世界上生存下來(lái),我們需要其他人的支持。和家人同住讓我想起了這一點(diǎn)。”

但她的安排有一點(diǎn)不太理想,那就是她的社交生活。雖然她還和老朋友們聊天,但她的父母住在巴爾的摩郊區(qū)。結(jié)識(shí)新朋友或戀人并不那么容易。

克勞利說(shuō):“在我看來(lái),這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)自由而做出的暫時(shí)性讓步。未來(lái)一兩年,我可能會(huì)考慮搬回達(dá)拉斯或其他城市。因此,我可以接受自己的社交生活跌入谷底的情況。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

When Erin Crawley moved to Dallas in 2016 after graduating college, she was excited to start crafting her adult life, complete with her own apartment, social calendar, and career. Less exciting: all of the bills that come with it.

“I was in an okay financial situation before. I was making payments on my student loans, able to pay for rent and everything. But I was only paying the minimum amount,” Crawley, 28, tells Fortune. “I wanted to relieve myself of the stress.”

With her bills taking up most of her income, she worked a second job for a few years just to have a little to spend without guilt. By the end of 2021, she had stressed out enough. Facing a $400 a month rent increase, Crawley took the fabled and oft-maligned step of many a millennial before her: She decided to move in with her father and stepmother to save money and pay down her student loans. It’s been a pretty good arrangement over the past year and a half. Crawley lives rent-free with her own bedroom, working her marketing job remotely. In return, she occasionally babysits her two younger sisters and pays for some groceries and utilities.

“Watching movies, watching a young girl move to the city, get her own apartment, that was a dream of mine. When I did it, I felt cool, I felt accomplished. But I wasn’t making nearly enough money to sustain living on my own,” she says.

Living with family allowed her to put significantly more toward her student loan payments, and she was able to knock out the entire $41,000 balance earlier this year, seven years earlier than her initial projections when she was making the minimum payments each month. Now, she’s saving aggressively for retirement and other goals, like travel.

“It’s really allowed me to put my money towards quality of life goals,” she says. “My costs are so low. I’m so lucky to have them.”

The share of young adults in the U.S. living with their parents or in another type of multigenerational household—in particular, those ages 25 to 34—has been increasing over the past few decades, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Rising student loan burdens and housing costs, particularly in major cities, are big reasons why.

While the increasing number of millennials moving back home has gotten a bad rap in American culture—36% of Americans tell Pew that more young adults living with their parents is actively bad for society, and personal finance personality Dave Ramsey calls them “train wrecks”—Crawley and other twentysomethings say as long as you get along with your family, it’s a smart financial move. Many young workers report living paycheck-to-paycheck and not being able to save at all on their own, let alone adhere to the 20% of income rule of thumb financial advisors recommend, owing to astronomical rent prices, student debt, and ever-increasing prices for everything from groceries to gas to utilities. They say it’s an economy that makes it hard for them to be a “financially independent adult.”

A leg up on savings

Much hand-wringing has ensued over the past decade-plus about millennials living with their parents and their perceived state of arrested development (Gen Z, you’re next).

But Tiana Patillo, a financial advisor at Vanguard, says living with parents allows young people the chance to build a plan for their money while learning about the financial obligations of being an adult. When life gets as expensive as it has, and wages don’t keep up, those who have support aren’t train wrecks—they’re simply making the most of an increasingly untenable situation.

“It gives you an opportunity to strategize, go after your goals, and actually execute on them,” Patillo says. “Don’t rush. I never thought about the cost of being an adult. When you rush out and you do it, sometimes you’re putting yourself at a disadvantage. A lot of us spend above our means.”

Mallory, who asked that her last name be withheld for privacy reasons, moved in with her then-boyfriend’s family at the end of 2019 to save for a home in the pricey San Francisco Bay Area. The couple expected the living arrangement to last a few months, when COVID-19 hit. They didn’t move out on their own until the end of 2021.

“We were tired of paying rent in the city. We lived in such a crappy apartment; there was construction constantly, and we were paying too much to live there,” Mallory tells Fortune, noting the apartment they rented for a year starting in October 2021 cost around $3,500 per month. “We were lucky to have this as an option.”

So lucky, the couple soon realized, that they moved back in with her now in-laws a year later. They are still there now.

While living with her in-laws, the 27-year-old and her husband were able to pay for the majority of their wedding with the money they saved, while maxing out retirement account contributions and meeting other savings goals. It’s a world of difference from when she graduated from college, moved to San Francisco, and lived paycheck-to-paycheck.

“It has such a negative connotation around it because it’s instilled from a young age that you go to school, get a job—you’re an adult. If you move back in, you don’t have your stuff together,” she says. “But it doesn’t have to be that way.”

Building stronger relationships

While Mallory and her husband reap the financial benefits, they genuinely enjoy spending time with the older couple: They split utility and grocery costs, and Mallory often cooks dinner for everyone (another benefit for an environmentally minded generation: less food waste). She also enjoys hiking and watching Succession with her mother-in-law.

“I wouldn’t be as close with them if we didn’t live here,” she says. “It’s opened that opportunity for me to be closer to his family, which is great.”

Though Mallory is hesitant to say there are many downsides to her current living situation, she is excited to decorate her own home and have her space again one day. After years of playing the respectful houseguest, she looks forward to leaving a few dirty dishes in the sink after a long day.

Like Mallory, Crawley has grown closer with her parents and siblings and cherishes the years they’ve had living together. She says that living in a multigenerational household is considered the norm in her Filipino family. “My parents didn’t even know why I really left,” she joked.

“It’s made me value community a lot more,” she added. “We need people, that’s how humans work. We need other people in order to survive in this world. Being with my family has reminded me of that.”

But the one less-than-ideal aspect of her arrangement is her social life. While she still talks with her old friends, her parents live in the suburbs of Baltimore. It’s not as easy meeting new people—or romantic partners.

“In my mind, it’s a temporary sacrifice that I’m making for the financial freedom that I want,” Crawley says. “I’m thinking in the next year or two, I’ll maybe consider moving back to Dallas or another city. So I’m okay with my social life being in the dumps.”

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