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馬斯克應(yīng)該辭去特斯拉CEO職務(wù)嗎?

埃隆·馬斯克曾表示他從來(lái)不想擔(dān)任特斯拉CEO。專家們認(rèn)為,他是時(shí)候聽(tīng)從自己的建議了。

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圖片來(lái)源:SERGEI GAPON—AFP/GETTY IMAGES

別聲張,但專家們表示,特斯拉(Tesla)董事會(huì)是時(shí)候不再讓埃隆·馬斯克擔(dān)任CEO了。

倡議者認(rèn)為,這位富有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的創(chuàng)業(yè)者應(yīng)該放棄日常運(yùn)營(yíng)公司,充分發(fā)揮自己的長(zhǎng)處——新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新。

他在社交媒體X上已經(jīng)采用了這種做法。X的運(yùn)營(yíng)由琳達(dá)·雅卡里諾負(fù)責(zé),馬斯克則專注于推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新。

這樣一來(lái),在特斯拉開(kāi)始增長(zhǎng)乏力且股價(jià)下跌這個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),他就可以避免成為眾矢之的。特斯拉目前的處境,在一定程度上是由于糟糕的治理文化,馬斯克本人要為此負(fù)責(zé)。

Corestone Capital的董事長(zhǎng)兼CEO韋爾·麥克多諾表示:“一家公司由創(chuàng)始人掌舵,既有好處也有壞處,因?yàn)橛羞h(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的人很少能成為優(yōu)秀的CEO?!?/p>

這位理財(cái)經(jīng)理認(rèn)為,特斯拉需要找一位類似于谷歌(Google)的埃里克·施密特或Facebook的雪莉·桑德伯格這樣的人,能在馬斯克的總體戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)下,以專業(yè)的方式管理公司。

被《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》形容為“維持特斯拉運(yùn)營(yíng)的高管”的扎克·柯克霍恩,可能就是最好的人選。但在8月,這位備受尊敬的財(cái)務(wù)主管突然從特斯拉離職,且沒(méi)有解釋任何理由。

迄今為止,唯一長(zhǎng)期與馬斯克共事而且毫無(wú)怨言的人只有SpaceX的總裁格溫·肖特韋爾。

正常情況下,任命新CEO取代馬斯克,這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一種魯莽的想法,因?yàn)樗峭淮酥凶罹哂绊懥Φ钠髽I(yè)家,他執(zhí)著于追求成功,他能為自己的事業(yè)招聘到最優(yōu)秀的人才,而且他善于預(yù)測(cè)影響人類社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)。

但他也帶來(lái)了一些棘手的問(wèn)題,使經(jīng)營(yíng)特斯拉這樣一家超大規(guī)模上市公司,變得充滿挑戰(zhàn)。

馬斯克——“合規(guī)官的噩夢(mèng)”

本周,一名特拉華州法官發(fā)布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)200頁(yè)的法庭意見(jiàn)書(shū),我們從中可以看出馬斯克對(duì)公司治理的重視程度。

這份文件披露了馬斯克在2018年如何為自己制定了一份560億美元的薪酬計(jì)劃,當(dāng)時(shí)的特斯拉董事會(huì)無(wú)人敢提出異議。

倫敦商學(xué)院(London Business School)教授蘭德?tīng)枴け说蒙瓕W⒂谘芯緾EO的個(gè)性和董事會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)。他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,法官的這份裁定是對(duì)馬斯克董事會(huì)的“嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”,他認(rèn)為如果馬斯克擔(dān)任輔助崗位,就能全身心投入到開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,這對(duì)特斯拉更有好處。

彼得森在2022年參與發(fā)表了一本有關(guān)董事會(huì)失靈的書(shū)。他表示:“他們能否找到一種折中方案,讓馬斯克能留在特斯拉,但不再參與日常管理?如果他們能找到這樣的方案,公司就能繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)。否則,公司會(huì)面臨巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!?/p>

去年,馬斯克曾表示他從不關(guān)心投資者是否會(huì)因?yàn)樗麚P(yáng)沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù)的陰謀論而賠錢(qián)。

去年11月,迪士尼(Disney)CEO鮑勃·艾格因擔(dān)心其品牌在X上不安全,因此停止在X上投放廣告,當(dāng)時(shí)馬斯克直接對(duì)艾格爆出粗口。

麥克多諾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“馬斯克口無(wú)遮攔,所以他是合規(guī)官的噩夢(mèng)?!?/p>

挾持特斯拉董事會(huì)

馬斯克決定公開(kāi)談判他未來(lái)的薪酬方案后,也引起了一些爭(zhēng)議。他表示,他不會(huì)在特斯拉內(nèi)部開(kāi)發(fā)人工智能,除非董事會(huì)保證他能獲得25%有否決權(quán)的少數(shù)股份,這相當(dāng)于賦予他對(duì)某些股東決定的否決權(quán)。

去年3月,馬斯克直接開(kāi)啟了他的宏圖計(jì)劃的第三階段,盡管他在第二階段提出的四個(gè)主要目標(biāo)均未實(shí)現(xiàn)。即便如此,他還是提出了這樣的要求。

雖然馬斯克眼睜睜看著他的非營(yíng)利組織OpenAI變成了微軟(Microsoft)的商業(yè)附屬物,還有人對(duì)他表示同情,但他任性的態(tài)度和對(duì)董事們赤裸裸的勒索,只會(huì)讓他變成無(wú)理取鬧。

投資銀行杰富瑞集團(tuán)(Jefferies)的資深汽車行業(yè)分析師菲利普·霍喬斯表示:“他的說(shuō)法很危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)檫@相當(dāng)于挾持了董事會(huì)。如果你開(kāi)始在公司內(nèi)部開(kāi)發(fā)某項(xiàng)技術(shù),不能威脅要把它拿走?!?/p>

“你在什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為特斯拉比馬斯克更重要?”

一個(gè)馬斯克不擔(dān)任CEO的特斯拉似乎難以想象,其中一個(gè)原因是多年來(lái)他都是特斯拉公開(kāi)的形象代言人,而且公司股價(jià)在一定程度上得益于他富有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。

但華爾街不再愿意幫助馬斯克。

雖然特斯拉在疫情期間表現(xiàn)出色,但自2021年初以來(lái),特斯拉股價(jià)下跌了20%,而納斯達(dá)克100指數(shù)同期上漲了35%。

相比之下,英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)、微軟和Meta等公司的股價(jià)最近幾天均創(chuàng)下歷史新高。

杰富瑞集團(tuán)分析師霍喬斯表示:“過(guò)去兩年,許多投資決策讓特斯拉偏離了正軌,這是董事會(huì)的問(wèn)題。你在什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為特斯拉比馬斯克更重要?”

這位創(chuàng)業(yè)者曾多次表示,他從來(lái)不想擔(dān)任CEO,他希望在六年前的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期解決了Model 3最初的生產(chǎn)問(wèn)題之后就辭去CEO,擔(dān)任首席產(chǎn)品架構(gòu)師。

特斯拉董事詹姆斯·默多克甚至證實(shí),公司已經(jīng)確定了繼任者人選。

現(xiàn)在董事會(huì)有獨(dú)一無(wú)二的機(jī)會(huì)重新樹(shù)立自己的權(quán)威,減輕52歲的馬斯克的負(fù)擔(dān),并在下一次法庭敗訴之前徹底修復(fù)特斯拉在治理方面的嚴(yán)重缺陷。

電動(dòng)汽車媒體網(wǎng)站Electrek的總編表示,這位極富魅力但性格多變的CEO是時(shí)候下臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他的產(chǎn)品架構(gòu)師的愿景了。這位總編作為特斯拉股東,曾投票支持馬斯克560億美元的薪酬計(jì)劃。

他在周三寫(xiě)道:“你知道是誰(shuí)首先想到的這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?是一個(gè)叫埃隆·馬斯克的家伙?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

別聲張,但專家們表示,特斯拉(Tesla)董事會(huì)是時(shí)候不再讓埃隆·馬斯克擔(dān)任CEO了。

倡議者認(rèn)為,這位富有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的創(chuàng)業(yè)者應(yīng)該放棄日常運(yùn)營(yíng)公司,充分發(fā)揮自己的長(zhǎng)處——新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新。

他在社交媒體X上已經(jīng)采用了這種做法。X的運(yùn)營(yíng)由琳達(dá)·雅卡里諾負(fù)責(zé),馬斯克則專注于推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新。

這樣一來(lái),在特斯拉開(kāi)始增長(zhǎng)乏力且股價(jià)下跌這個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),他就可以避免成為眾矢之的。特斯拉目前的處境,在一定程度上是由于糟糕的治理文化,馬斯克本人要為此負(fù)責(zé)。

Corestone Capital的董事長(zhǎng)兼CEO韋爾·麥克多諾表示:“一家公司由創(chuàng)始人掌舵,既有好處也有壞處,因?yàn)橛羞h(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的人很少能成為優(yōu)秀的CEO?!?/p>

這位理財(cái)經(jīng)理認(rèn)為,特斯拉需要找一位類似于谷歌(Google)的埃里克·施密特或Facebook的雪莉·桑德伯格這樣的人,能在馬斯克的總體戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)下,以專業(yè)的方式管理公司。

被《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》形容為“維持特斯拉運(yùn)營(yíng)的高管”的扎克·柯克霍恩,可能就是最好的人選。但在8月,這位備受尊敬的財(cái)務(wù)主管突然從特斯拉離職,且沒(méi)有解釋任何理由。

迄今為止,唯一長(zhǎng)期與馬斯克共事而且毫無(wú)怨言的人只有SpaceX的總裁格溫·肖特韋爾。

正常情況下,任命新CEO取代馬斯克,這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一種魯莽的想法,因?yàn)樗峭淮酥凶罹哂绊懥Φ钠髽I(yè)家,他執(zhí)著于追求成功,他能為自己的事業(yè)招聘到最優(yōu)秀的人才,而且他善于預(yù)測(cè)影響人類社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)。

但他也帶來(lái)了一些棘手的問(wèn)題,使經(jīng)營(yíng)特斯拉這樣一家超大規(guī)模上市公司,變得充滿挑戰(zhàn)。

馬斯克——“合規(guī)官的噩夢(mèng)”

本周,一名特拉華州法官發(fā)布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)200頁(yè)的法庭意見(jiàn)書(shū),我們從中可以看出馬斯克對(duì)公司治理的重視程度。

這份文件披露了馬斯克在2018年如何為自己制定了一份560億美元的薪酬計(jì)劃,當(dāng)時(shí)的特斯拉董事會(huì)無(wú)人敢提出異議。

倫敦商學(xué)院(London Business School)教授蘭德?tīng)枴け说蒙瓕W⒂谘芯緾EO的個(gè)性和董事會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)。他對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,法官的這份裁定是對(duì)馬斯克董事會(huì)的“嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)”,他認(rèn)為如果馬斯克擔(dān)任輔助崗位,就能全身心投入到開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,這對(duì)特斯拉更有好處。

彼得森在2022年參與發(fā)表了一本有關(guān)董事會(huì)失靈的書(shū)。他表示:“他們能否找到一種折中方案,讓馬斯克能留在特斯拉,但不再參與日常管理?如果他們能找到這樣的方案,公司就能繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)。否則,公司會(huì)面臨巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”

去年,馬斯克曾表示他從不關(guān)心投資者是否會(huì)因?yàn)樗麚P(yáng)沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù)的陰謀論而賠錢(qián)。

去年11月,迪士尼(Disney)CEO鮑勃·艾格因擔(dān)心其品牌在X上不安全,因此停止在X上投放廣告,當(dāng)時(shí)馬斯克直接對(duì)艾格爆出粗口。

麥克多諾對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“馬斯克口無(wú)遮攔,所以他是合規(guī)官的噩夢(mèng)?!?/p>

挾持特斯拉董事會(huì)

馬斯克決定公開(kāi)談判他未來(lái)的薪酬方案后,也引起了一些爭(zhēng)議。他表示,他不會(huì)在特斯拉內(nèi)部開(kāi)發(fā)人工智能,除非董事會(huì)保證他能獲得25%有否決權(quán)的少數(shù)股份,這相當(dāng)于賦予他對(duì)某些股東決定的否決權(quán)。

去年3月,馬斯克直接開(kāi)啟了他的宏圖計(jì)劃的第三階段,盡管他在第二階段提出的四個(gè)主要目標(biāo)均未實(shí)現(xiàn)。即便如此,他還是提出了這樣的要求。

雖然馬斯克眼睜睜看著他的非營(yíng)利組織OpenAI變成了微軟(Microsoft)的商業(yè)附屬物,還有人對(duì)他表示同情,但他任性的態(tài)度和對(duì)董事們赤裸裸的勒索,只會(huì)讓他變成無(wú)理取鬧。

投資銀行杰富瑞集團(tuán)(Jefferies)的資深汽車行業(yè)分析師菲利普·霍喬斯表示:“他的說(shuō)法很危險(xiǎn),因?yàn)檫@相當(dāng)于挾持了董事會(huì)。如果你開(kāi)始在公司內(nèi)部開(kāi)發(fā)某項(xiàng)技術(shù),不能威脅要把它拿走?!?/p>

“你在什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為特斯拉比馬斯克更重要?”

一個(gè)馬斯克不擔(dān)任CEO的特斯拉似乎難以想象,其中一個(gè)原因是多年來(lái)他都是特斯拉公開(kāi)的形象代言人,而且公司股價(jià)在一定程度上得益于他富有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。

但華爾街不再愿意幫助馬斯克。

雖然特斯拉在疫情期間表現(xiàn)出色,但自2021年初以來(lái),特斯拉股價(jià)下跌了20%,而納斯達(dá)克100指數(shù)同期上漲了35%。

相比之下,英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)、微軟和Meta等公司的股價(jià)最近幾天均創(chuàng)下歷史新高。

杰富瑞集團(tuán)分析師霍喬斯表示:“過(guò)去兩年,許多投資決策讓特斯拉偏離了正軌,這是董事會(huì)的問(wèn)題。你在什么時(shí)候認(rèn)為特斯拉比馬斯克更重要?”

這位創(chuàng)業(yè)者曾多次表示,他從來(lái)不想擔(dān)任CEO,他希望在六年前的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期解決了Model 3最初的生產(chǎn)問(wèn)題之后就辭去CEO,擔(dān)任首席產(chǎn)品架構(gòu)師。

特斯拉董事詹姆斯·默多克甚至證實(shí),公司已經(jīng)確定了繼任者人選。

現(xiàn)在董事會(huì)有獨(dú)一無(wú)二的機(jī)會(huì)重新樹(shù)立自己的權(quán)威,減輕52歲的馬斯克的負(fù)擔(dān),并在下一次法庭敗訴之前徹底修復(fù)特斯拉在治理方面的嚴(yán)重缺陷。

電動(dòng)汽車媒體網(wǎng)站Electrek的總編表示,這位極富魅力但性格多變的CEO是時(shí)候下臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他的產(chǎn)品架構(gòu)師的愿景了。這位總編作為特斯拉股東,曾投票支持馬斯克560億美元的薪酬計(jì)劃。

他在周三寫(xiě)道:“你知道是誰(shuí)首先想到的這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?是一個(gè)叫埃隆·馬斯克的家伙。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Whisper it, but the time may have finally come for Tesla’s board to nudge Elon Musk towards stepping down as CEO, experts suggest.

Advocates argue that the visionary entrepreneur should relinquish day-to-day operations, allowing him to zero in on his forte—innovating new products.

It’s an approach he’s already adopted at his social media platform X, where Linda Yaccarino is in charge of running the company while Musk focuses on driving innovation.

By doing so, he would take himself out of the firing line during a challenging juncture when Tesla’s growth is starting to falter and its stock price has languished—in part due to a flawed governance culture, for which he is responsible.

“When you have a founder at the helm, it’s both a gift and a curse, because visionaries rarely make great CEOs,” says Corestone Capital chairman and CEO Will McDonough.

The wealth manager argues Tesla needs to find someone like Google’s Eric Schmidt or Facebook’s Sheryl Sandberg, who can professionally manage the company under the overarching strategic direction of Musk.

Zack Kirkhorn, described by the Wall Street Journal as the “executive who keeps Tesla rolling”, might have been exactly that individual. But the highly respected finance chief abruptly departed in August with no explanation given.

Thus far the only individual to work with him noiselessly over a long period is SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell.

Normally the idea of replacing Musk as CEO might sound foolhardy given he is the most influential entrepreneur of his generation, someone blessed with an uncanny drive to succeed, an ability to recruit the best talent to his cause, and a gift for predicting what trends will shape society.

But he also comes with a lot of sharp edges that make it challenging to run a publicly traded megacap like Tesla.

Musk ‘a(chǎn) compliance officer’s nightmare’

A 200-page court opinion from a Delaware judge this week sheds light on Musk’s degree of consideration for governance.

The document reveals how he crafted his own $56 billion compensation package in 2018, as Tesla’s directors dared not reject it.

Randall Peterson, a professor at the London Business School whose research centers on CEO personalities and boardroom dynamics, told Fortune the ruling was a “pretty damning critique” of Musk’s board and believes Tesla would be better off with him in a supporting role where he could devote himself to creating new products.

“Could they find some kind of accommodation that keeps Elon in the atmosphere but takes him out of day-to-day management of the rest of Tesla?” says Peterson, who co-authored a 2022 book on dysfunctional boards. “If they can come to that, then they’re in business. If not it’s a huge risk.”

Last year, Musk went on the record saying he did not care whether his investors lost money because he might promote unsubstantiated conspiracy theories.

In November, he then told Bob Iger to “go f*** yourself” after the Disney CEO pulled his advertising over concerns his brand might not be safe on X.

“He’s a compliance officer’s nightmare because he shoots from the hip,” McDonough tells Fortune.

Holding Tesla’s board hostage

Musk also ruffled feathers after he decided to negotiate in public over his upcoming pay package, saying he will no longer develop artificial intelligence within Tesla unless the board ensures he can gain a 25% blocking minority—essentially a power to veto certain decisions of shareholders.

This demand came even though Musk seamlessly moved onto the third part of his Master Plan this March without arguably accomplishing any of the four main targets laid out in the second one.

While there is some sympathy given he watched his non-profit OpenAI become a commercial appendage of Microsoft, the petulant attitude and unvarnished attempt to blackmail his directors only served to undermine his case.

“The way he phrased it is dangerous because it’s holding the board hostage,” says Philippe Houchois, a veteran auto analyst with investment bank Jefferies. “If you start building something inside the company, you cannot just threaten to take it out.”

‘At what point do you decide Tesla is bigger than Musk?’

Contemplating a Tesla in which he is not CEO seems impossible in part because he has been the public face of Tesla for years, and the stock price has in part been juiced by his visionary leadership.

But Wall Street isn’t helping Musk’s case any longer either.

While Tesla enjoyed a stellar pandemic year, the share has dropped 20% since the start of 2021 while the Nasdaq 100 has gained 35% during the same period.

Other companies like Nvidia, Microsoft and Meta have marked all-time highs in recent days, by comparison.

“There have been a number of investment decisions made in the last two years that have put Tesla off track, and that is the issue for the board,” says Jefferies analyst Houchois. “At what point do you decide Tesla is bigger than Musk?”

The entrepreneur has repeatedly claimed he never wanted to be CEO and hoped to step back and serve as chief product architect once the initial problems manufacturing the Model 3 were solved during the critical launch over six years ago.

Tesla director James Murdoch even testified that a successor had been identified.

Now the board has a unique chance to reassert its authority, ease the burden on the 52-year-old and overhaul its acute governance shortcomings before Tesla suffers its next courtroom defeat.

The chief editor of EV-friendly media website Electrek, who himself voted as Tesla shareholder in favor of Musk’s $56 billion pay package, argued this was the time for the charismatic yet mercurial CEO to step down to advance his vision as a product architect.

“You know who first thought of that plan?” he wrote on Wednesday. “A guy called Elon Musk.”

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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