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隨著美國(guó)年輕一代更晚步入婚姻,與父輩相比,他們更有可能保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立。這未必是件壞事。Brighton Jones的認(rèn)證離婚財(cái)務(wù)分析師杰西卡·雷(Jesica Ray)說(shuō),對(duì)于任何一對(duì)夫婦,尤其是新婚夫婦來(lái)說(shuō),財(cái)務(wù)都是非常重要的話題。由于每對(duì)夫婦的情況不同,因此何時(shí)或是否合并財(cái)務(wù),并沒(méi)有唯一正確的答案。
雖然許多顧問(wèn)表示將資產(chǎn)合并可以建立信任,使夫妻雙方更容易參與賬單支付和制定家庭預(yù)算,但雷卻持不同意見(jiàn)。她表示,夫妻雙方應(yīng)仔細(xì)審視自己的財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu),并決定這種安排是否基于文化或社會(huì)假設(shè)(情況常常如此),而這些假設(shè)并不能反映一方或雙方的價(jià)值觀。
雷說(shuō):“如果你重視簡(jiǎn)便,那么選擇共同理財(cái)可能是適合你的路徑。但如果你不介意處理一些復(fù)雜性,那么把資產(chǎn)登記在自己名下有助于保護(hù)自己。從一開(kāi)始就應(yīng)該分開(kāi)管理財(cái)務(wù)。設(shè)立一個(gè)共同賬戶用于共同支出,然后設(shè)立自己的賬戶。把一部分資金存入共同賬戶,然后把其余的存入個(gè)人賬戶?!?/p>
雷提到的“保護(hù)”涵蓋了多個(gè)層面:它既包括在離婚時(shí)的保護(hù),也涉及到防御債權(quán)人對(duì)資產(chǎn)的追索,以及確保在晚年有資格享受政府的相關(guān)援助計(jì)劃。
她還發(fā)現(xiàn),保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立可以讓夫妻雙方都感到更獨(dú)立,尤其是女性。對(duì)于晚婚的人來(lái)說(shuō),他們有足夠的時(shí)間發(fā)展自己的職業(yè)生涯和積累儲(chǔ)蓄,因此,保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立是他們身份的重要組成部分。
她說(shuō):"我們的世界正向這樣一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)變:不共同理財(cái)變得更為常見(jiàn)和舒適,這完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。避免離婚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是原因之一,而女性自我賦權(quán)則是另一個(gè)重要因素,因?yàn)榕哉诜e極打造自己的財(cái)富。”
Equitable Advisors的注冊(cè)理財(cái)規(guī)劃師喬迪·達(dá)戈斯蒂尼(Jody D'Agostini)通常建議客戶共同處理大部分財(cái)務(wù)事宜——至少要達(dá)到雷所說(shuō)的那種程度,即設(shè)立共同賬戶,但每位伴侶也擁有自己的賬戶,這種策略在理財(cái)界被稱為“你的、我的和我們的”。但在某些情況下,這個(gè)等式會(huì)發(fā)生變化。
她告訴客戶,不要將遺產(chǎn)或家人贈(zèng)予的財(cái)產(chǎn)與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起。這意味著不要將遺產(chǎn)存入共同賬戶,也不要用這筆錢來(lái)支付共同賬單或共同債務(wù)。相反,應(yīng)將其存入只有你名字的賬戶中。
達(dá)戈斯蒂尼表示:“贈(zèng)與人將財(cái)產(chǎn)傳給你的初衷是為了你的利益,而不是你的配偶?!蓖瑯樱@是為了在離婚的情況下提供保護(hù),甚至是躲避財(cái)務(wù)虐待?!俺悄汩_(kāi)始將遺產(chǎn)與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起或從中獲取收入,否則遺產(chǎn)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被視為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)?!?/p>
在這一點(diǎn)上,在大多數(shù)州,遺產(chǎn)并不被視為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn),而是個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)(這與婚姻存續(xù)期間賺取的金錢或獲得的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)不同)。但是,如果你開(kāi)始將其與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起,之后再離婚,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。
達(dá)戈斯蒂尼還說(shuō),夫妻雙方都應(yīng)將婚前財(cái)產(chǎn)分開(kāi),哪怕只是為了在離婚時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù)。這可以通過(guò)婚前協(xié)議來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
“婚前協(xié)議可以幫助那些擁有一定資產(chǎn)的職業(yè)夫婦。”達(dá)戈斯蒂尼說(shuō),并指出,是否需要簽訂婚前協(xié)議并沒(méi)有一個(gè)特定的資產(chǎn)門檻:“這取決于你的舒適度?!?/p>
另一種情況下,分開(kāi)管理財(cái)務(wù)是明智的:配偶一方或雙方已育有子女選擇再婚。在這種情況下,將資金分開(kāi)管理可以確保在一方去世后,其在婚前獲得的資產(chǎn)(如果這是其遺愿的話)將歸其子女所有。
她說(shuō):“你不希望在遺產(chǎn)分配上出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致遺產(chǎn)繼承順位變成配偶,然后是其子女。在結(jié)婚前,就要制定遺產(chǎn)規(guī)劃?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
隨著美國(guó)年輕一代更晚步入婚姻,與父輩相比,他們更有可能保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立。這未必是件壞事。Brighton Jones的認(rèn)證離婚財(cái)務(wù)分析師杰西卡·雷(Jesica Ray)說(shuō),對(duì)于任何一對(duì)夫婦,尤其是新婚夫婦來(lái)說(shuō),財(cái)務(wù)都是非常重要的話題。由于每對(duì)夫婦的情況不同,因此何時(shí)或是否合并財(cái)務(wù),并沒(méi)有唯一正確的答案。
雖然許多顧問(wèn)表示將資產(chǎn)合并可以建立信任,使夫妻雙方更容易參與賬單支付和制定家庭預(yù)算,但雷卻持不同意見(jiàn)。她表示,夫妻雙方應(yīng)仔細(xì)審視自己的財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu),并決定這種安排是否基于文化或社會(huì)假設(shè)(情況常常如此),而這些假設(shè)并不能反映一方或雙方的價(jià)值觀。
雷說(shuō):“如果你重視簡(jiǎn)便,那么選擇共同理財(cái)可能是適合你的路徑。但如果你不介意處理一些復(fù)雜性,那么把資產(chǎn)登記在自己名下有助于保護(hù)自己。從一開(kāi)始就應(yīng)該分開(kāi)管理財(cái)務(wù)。設(shè)立一個(gè)共同賬戶用于共同支出,然后設(shè)立自己的賬戶。把一部分資金存入共同賬戶,然后把其余的存入個(gè)人賬戶。”
雷提到的“保護(hù)”涵蓋了多個(gè)層面:它既包括在離婚時(shí)的保護(hù),也涉及到防御債權(quán)人對(duì)資產(chǎn)的追索,以及確保在晚年有資格享受政府的相關(guān)援助計(jì)劃。
她還發(fā)現(xiàn),保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立可以讓夫妻雙方都感到更獨(dú)立,尤其是女性。對(duì)于晚婚的人來(lái)說(shuō),他們有足夠的時(shí)間發(fā)展自己的職業(yè)生涯和積累儲(chǔ)蓄,因此,保持財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立是他們身份的重要組成部分。
她說(shuō):"我們的世界正向這樣一個(gè)方向轉(zhuǎn)變:不共同理財(cái)變得更為常見(jiàn)和舒適,這完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。避免離婚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是原因之一,而女性自我賦權(quán)則是另一個(gè)重要因素,因?yàn)榕哉诜e極打造自己的財(cái)富?!?/p>
Equitable Advisors的注冊(cè)理財(cái)規(guī)劃師喬迪·達(dá)戈斯蒂尼(Jody D'Agostini)通常建議客戶共同處理大部分財(cái)務(wù)事宜——至少要達(dá)到雷所說(shuō)的那種程度,即設(shè)立共同賬戶,但每位伴侶也擁有自己的賬戶,這種策略在理財(cái)界被稱為“你的、我的和我們的”。但在某些情況下,這個(gè)等式會(huì)發(fā)生變化。
她告訴客戶,不要將遺產(chǎn)或家人贈(zèng)予的財(cái)產(chǎn)與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起。這意味著不要將遺產(chǎn)存入共同賬戶,也不要用這筆錢來(lái)支付共同賬單或共同債務(wù)。相反,應(yīng)將其存入只有你名字的賬戶中。
達(dá)戈斯蒂尼表示:“贈(zèng)與人將財(cái)產(chǎn)傳給你的初衷是為了你的利益,而不是你的配偶?!蓖瑯?,這是為了在離婚的情況下提供保護(hù),甚至是躲避財(cái)務(wù)虐待?!俺悄汩_(kāi)始將遺產(chǎn)與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起或從中獲取收入,否則遺產(chǎn)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被視為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)?!?/p>
在這一點(diǎn)上,在大多數(shù)州,遺產(chǎn)并不被視為夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn),而是個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)(這與婚姻存續(xù)期間賺取的金錢或獲得的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)不同)。但是,如果你開(kāi)始將其與夫妻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)混在一起,之后再離婚,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。
達(dá)戈斯蒂尼還說(shuō),夫妻雙方都應(yīng)將婚前財(cái)產(chǎn)分開(kāi),哪怕只是為了在離婚時(shí)簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù)。這可以通過(guò)婚前協(xié)議來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
“婚前協(xié)議可以幫助那些擁有一定資產(chǎn)的職業(yè)夫婦。”達(dá)戈斯蒂尼說(shuō),并指出,是否需要簽訂婚前協(xié)議并沒(méi)有一個(gè)特定的資產(chǎn)門檻:“這取決于你的舒適度。”
另一種情況下,分開(kāi)管理財(cái)務(wù)是明智的:配偶一方或雙方已育有子女選擇再婚。在這種情況下,將資金分開(kāi)管理可以確保在一方去世后,其在婚前獲得的資產(chǎn)(如果這是其遺愿的話)將歸其子女所有。
她說(shuō):“你不希望在遺產(chǎn)分配上出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,導(dǎo)致遺產(chǎn)繼承順位變成配偶,然后是其子女。在結(jié)婚前,就要制定遺產(chǎn)規(guī)劃?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
As younger generations of Americans marry later in life, they are more likely than their parents to keep their spousal finances separate. That’s not necessarily a bad thing. Finances are a huge discussion for any couple, particularly newlyweds, and there is no single right answer as to when—or if—to combine them since every couple’s situation is different, says Jesica Ray, a certified divorce financial analyst at Brighton Jones.
While many advisors say combining assets builds trust and makes it easier for each spouse to be part of paying bills and establishing a family budget, Ray takes a different tack. She says couples should take a closer look at how they structure their finances and decide if the arrangement is—as is often the case— based on cultural or societal assumptions that don’t reflect one or both people’s values.
“If you value ease, then joint finances might be the right path for you. If you’re okay with a little complexity, the advantages of keeping assets in your own name helps in the case of protection,” says Ray. “Start out separate. Have a joint account for joint expenses, and then have your own. Drive some money into the joint account, and then the rest into personal.”
By protection, Ray means in the case of divorce, but also in instances of creditors coming after assets, or to be able to qualify for governmental programs later in life.
She also finds that keeping finances separate can help each spouse feel more independent, particularly women. For people who get married later in life, when they’ve had time to build up their careers and savings on their own, keeping separate finances can be an important part of their identity.
“We’re shifting toward a world where it’s more common and comfortable to not join finances, and that’s okay,” she says. “Divorce is one of those reasons, but self-empowerment is another as women create their own wealth.”
Jody D’Agostini, a certified financial planner at Equitable Advisors, generally advises clients to have mostly joint finances—at least to the degree described by Ray above, where there is a joint account but each partner also has their own, a strategy called “yours, mine, and ours” in the financial community. But there are cases when the equation changes.
She tells her clients not to commingle inheritances or financial gifts from family with marital assets. That means not depositing the inheritance in a joint account and not using the money to pay joint bills or a joint debt. Instead, deposit it in an account with your name on it only.
“The intent from the person granting it to you is to pass it to you for your benefit, not for your spouse,” says D’Agostini. Again, this is for protection in case of divorce, or even escaping financial abuse. “Inheritance is never considered to be marital unless you start to commingle it or derive income from it.”
To that point, in most states, an inheritance is not considered part of the marital property, but rather separate property (that’s different from money earned or other property acquired during a marriage). But if you start commingling it with your marital assets and divorce later, problems can arise.
D’Agostini also says each partner should keep their premarital assets separate, if only to simplify things in case of a divorce. This can be done through a prenuptial agreement.
“A prenup can help professional couples with a certain amount of assets under their belts,” says D’Agostini, noting there’s no specific asset threshold level where it makes sense to get one: “It’s where your comfort level is.”
Another instance it makes sense to keep finances separate: a second marriage when one or both spouses has children already. Keeping money separate in this case can help ensure that the assets each spouse acquired before the marriage go to his or her children (if that is her wish) after death.
“You don’t want to make mistakes where your estate could go to your spouse and then their children,” she says. “Get your estate plan in place before you get married.”