成人小说亚洲一区二区三区,亚洲国产精品一区二区三区,国产精品成人精品久久久,久久综合一区二区三区,精品无码av一区二区,国产一级a毛一级a看免费视频,欧洲uv免费在线区一二区,亚洲国产欧美中日韩成人综合视频,国产熟女一区二区三区五月婷小说,亚洲一区波多野结衣在线

立即打開(kāi)
如何作決定?讓這位行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家來(lái)教你

如何作決定?讓這位行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家來(lái)教你

Laura Entis 2017-03-26
這位教授希望通過(guò)科普決策的過(guò)程,幫助大家做出更明智的決定。

杜克大學(xué)行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授丹·阿雷利一直努力研究人們做決策的過(guò)程和原因,多年研究下來(lái)在學(xué)術(shù)上有不少有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他發(fā)表了幾十篇論文,研究領(lǐng)域非常廣泛,例如發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)系親密容易“導(dǎo)致鄙視”;放棄后人們才會(huì)更珍視某樣?xùn)|西,擁有時(shí)卻不覺(jué)得;研究自私型利他主義等。最近,他突然進(jìn)入公眾視野。

十年來(lái),阿雷利逐漸學(xué)會(huì)將艱深的學(xué)術(shù)成果轉(zhuǎn)化為易于公眾理解的內(nèi)容。通過(guò)寫(xiě)書(shū)和在非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)TED組織的大會(huì)上演講,他將復(fù)雜且晦澀的研究結(jié)果簡(jiǎn)化為容易理解證據(jù)充分的要點(diǎn),解釋一些生活中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,比如為何我們愛(ài)給自己的錯(cuò)誤行動(dòng)找理由,利益沖突如何影響實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人目標(biāo)。他希望通過(guò)科普決策的過(guò)程,幫助大家做決定時(shí)更理性也明智。

阿雷利還采取了更直接的方式——涉及財(cái)務(wù)的手段?,F(xiàn)在他加入了一些初創(chuàng)公司,創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目都是幫助人們?cè)谪?cái)富、健康和保險(xiǎn)等重要方面做出更好的選擇(起碼少做些錯(cuò)誤決策)。

2015年,阿雷利加盟面向80、90后的數(shù)字理財(cái)創(chuàng)業(yè)公司Qapital,擔(dān)任“首席行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家”。他根據(jù)研究成果與合作推出一些特色功能,例如利用“愧疚的快樂(lè)”功能,用戶在星巴克買(mǎi)一杯拿鐵咖啡或者網(wǎng)購(gòu)一次就自動(dòng)存下一小筆錢(qián)。另一款“零錢(qián)隨手存”則顧名思義,會(huì)將所有零錢(qián)都轉(zhuǎn)為儲(chǔ)蓄。產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的總體目標(biāo)是讓存錢(qián)和消費(fèi)一樣輕松方便。

阿雷利還在紐約一家初創(chuàng)公司Lemonade擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)。該公司剛完成規(guī)模3400萬(wàn)美元的B輪融資。2014年第一次見(jiàn)到Lemonade的創(chuàng)始人丹尼爾·薛伯和塞伊·威靈格,阿雷利就覺(jué)得他們的技術(shù)非常先進(jìn),但對(duì)于是否加入公司比較猶疑。后來(lái)他聽(tīng)到兩位創(chuàng)始者講述創(chuàng)業(yè)目標(biāo):打造讓客戶信任不猜疑的保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng),阿雷利才決定加入。

作為行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,阿雷利覺(jué)得打造理想的保險(xiǎn)系統(tǒng)非常有意思,很想努力解決。他說(shuō):“遇到這種挑戰(zhàn)我很激動(dòng)。我研究利益沖突和欺詐15年,了解危害有多大?!?/p>

傳統(tǒng)保險(xiǎn)模式下,保險(xiǎn)公司和顧客的動(dòng)機(jī)并不一致。每宗成功的理賠都要消耗保險(xiǎn)公司的資金,因此想讓保險(xiǎn)公司接受理賠有點(diǎn)困難(這也變相鼓動(dòng)了客戶采取欺詐手段,因?yàn)榭蛻艨傆X(jué)得被保險(xiǎn)公司騙了)。為了扭轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)狀,Lemonade統(tǒng)一收取20%的保費(fèi),保單到期后,所有未領(lǐng)取的保險(xiǎn)金都會(huì)捐贈(zèng)給非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)或者慈善組織,這樣就消除了錢(qián)財(cái)方面的利益沖突,比傳統(tǒng)模式容易讓人接受。

除了在Lemonade和Qapital任職(他持有兩家公司的股權(quán)),阿雷利還聯(lián)合創(chuàng)立了兩家公司Genie和Shapa。Genie研發(fā)的廚房家電不到兩分鐘就能 “烹飪”有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的盒飯(可選套餐包括庫(kù)斯庫(kù)斯粉配蔬菜、雞肉飯、味噌拉面等)。Shapa推出一款智能體重秤,按滿分五分給身體打分顯示健康狀況,代替了傳統(tǒng)的按磅計(jì)算體重。

阿雷利的這兩個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目都滿足了日常生活需求。廚房工具解決了烹飪難題。智能秤則解決了發(fā)現(xiàn)體重增加時(shí)“厭惡減重失敗”的心理,心情變差往往會(huì)妨礙努力維持健康的決心。通過(guò)一系列溫和的改動(dòng)調(diào)整行為是阿雷利創(chuàng)業(yè)的終極目標(biāo):“先研究人們常犯哪些錯(cuò)誤,再想辦法幫人們改善。”

科技也讓阿雷利的工作更輕松了。他指出:“行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有一條原則是,環(huán)境很重要?!睕](méi)有數(shù)字技術(shù)的年代難以大規(guī)模應(yīng)用?,F(xiàn)在人人基本上都有智能手機(jī),“我們可以變成環(huán)境的一部分?!痹谑謾C(jī)上花的時(shí)間越多,阿雷利等人就可以越方便地通過(guò)各種應(yīng)用,各種追蹤器和提醒技術(shù)方便地管理個(gè)人行為。

當(dāng)然,數(shù)字時(shí)代也有負(fù)面影響。我們?cè)金ぶ謾C(jī),就越容易適得其反受其所控——注意力分散,花錢(qián)無(wú)節(jié)制,還容易因?yàn)槌撩陨暇W(wǎng)忽略身體健康。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

作者:Laura Entis

譯者:Pessy

審稿:夏林

Duke University behavioral economics professor Dan Ariely has dedicated much of his career to understanding how—and why—we make decisions. It’s a question that’s led him down some interesting roads academically: He’s authored dozens of studies on examining everything from familiarity can “breed contempt”, why we attach more value to something when we give it up versus when we acquire it, and the effects of self-serving altruism. More recently, it’s catapulted him into the public sphere.

Over the past decade, Ariely has mastered the art of making intimidating academic results more accessible. Through his books and TED talks, he turns his complex, often ambiguous research into digestible, evidence-backed takeaways on topics such as why we tend to justify our own bad behavior, or how conflicts of interest affect our personal goals. By popularizing the science driving our decision-making, he wants to help us make better ones.

He’s also taking a more direct approach—one that comes with a financial incentive. Today, Ariely is involved with a handful of startups that help us make better (or less stupid) decisions on important stuff, including money, health, and insurance.

Ariely joined Qapital, a digital financial planning startup aimed at millennials, as a “chief behavioral economist” in 2015. Drawing on his research, he worked with the company to design features such as ‘the guilty pleasure rule,’ which automatically saves a small amount each time a user orders a latte from Starbucks, say, or goes online shopping, and ‘the roundup rule,’ which does exactly what it says it will, converting odd pennies into savings. The overarching goal is to make saving money as frictionless as spending it.

He’s also an advisor to Lemonade, a New York-based insurance startup that just raised $34 million in Series B funding. When he first met with founders Daniel Schreiber and Shai Wininger in 2014, he was impressed by their technology but ambivalent about joining in an official capacity. That changed when he heard their goal: to create an insurance system that fostered trust, not suspicion, among its users.

As a behavioral economist, it was an intriguing problem to try and solve. “That’s when I became very excited,” he says. “As someone who has been studying conflicts of interest and dishonesty for 15 years, and I see how corrosive it can be.”

Under the traditional model, insurer’s and users’ incentives are fundamentally misaligned. Every successfully paid claim costs the insurance company money, hence the difficulty in getting them accepted in the first place (which, in turn, encourages fraudulent behavior in users, who often assume they’re getting screwed regardless). To correct for this, Lemonade takes 20% of premiums as a flat fee; when a policy ends, all unclaimed funds are donated to a nonprofit or charity, a rather elegant solution that removes the financial conflict of interest.

In addition to his role at Lemonade and Qapital (he has an equity stake in both companies), Ariely is the co-founder of Genie, a kitchen appliance that “cooks” nutritious cartridge meals (options include couscous and vegetables, chicken with rice, and miso ramen) in less than two minutes, and Shapa, a smart scale that displays shifts in weight on a five-point scale in lieu of pounds.

Both attempt to remove every-day obstacles—cooking and the counterproductive “l(fā)oss aversion” we feel when we get on a scale and to find the number has inched up—that often stops us from making healthy decisions. This desire, to shape behavior via a series of gentle nudges, informs all of Ariely’s entrepreneurial work: “It’s about trying to take the research we know about what kind of mistakes people make, and figuring out how can we get people to make better decisions.”

Technology makes his job easier. “One of the principles from behavioral economics is that the environment matters,” he says. In a pre-digital world, this was hard to achieve at scale. But thanks to our smartphones, which, for many of us, are basically appendages at this point, “we can be part of your environment.” The more time we spend on our phones, the more seamlessly people like Ariely, through our various apps, trackers, and reminders, can control our behavior.

Of course, the reverse is also true. The more time we spend glued to our phones, the easier it is for people with the opposite goal—to distract us, to encourage spending, to keep us from going to the gym via online wormholes—to manipulate our actions.

掃描二維碼下載財(cái)富APP
国产精品无码v在线观看| 婷婷激情综合网亚州五月中文字幕 | 免费黄色网站在线观看| 熟妇高潮一区二区三区| 国产av无码专区亚洲a| 久久精品无码专区免费青青| 久久青青草原精品老司机| 大学生高潮无套内谢视频| 久久九九国产精品怡红院| 一级做a爰片久久毛片a片蜜桃| 久久精品国产亚洲AⅤ无码| 草草久久久无码国产专区| 全部古装A级毛片在线播放| 精品午夜视频一区二| 产成人影院一区二区三区| 精品国产乱码久久久久软件| 久久久精品人妻一区亚美研究所| 久久九九有精品国产免费| 精品人妻系列无码人妻漫画| JK国产精品一区二区夜夜嗨| 国产精品 1080P 在线精品视频一区二区三四| 国产精品老熟女露脸视频| 日韩av片无码一区二区三区| 欧美人与动性xxxxx杂性| 日韩精品中文字幕一区二区三区| 中文字幕乱码二区免费| 无码精品A在线观看十八禁| 免费99精品国产自在现线观看| 欧美极品欧美精品欧美视频| 国产成人无码AV在线播放不卡| 国产人成无码视频在线观看| 亚洲成a人无码,亚洲成a人无码| 柠檬AV导航国产精品久久久| 国精品无码一区二区三区左线| 亚洲中文字幕无码中文字无摸| 久久久久久久久精品免费看片| 久久精品国产99久久丝袜| A一级片中文字幕| 黑人巨大无码中文字幕无码| 亚洲理论电影在线观看| 少妇人妻无码精品视频app|