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Leadership Insiders網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)在線(xiàn)社區(qū)。在這里，最有思想和影響力的企業(yè)人士會(huì)回答有關(guān)職業(yè)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的問(wèn)題。今天回答的問(wèn)題是“對(duì)即將進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生有什么建議？”，答案由Sailthru人事副總裁娜塔莉·沃茲沃斯撰寫(xiě)。

對(duì)于一名剛剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，評(píng)估可能為之效力的公司會(huì)讓人感到力不從心，但事情并沒(méi)有那么困難。盡管很多公司在第一眼看起來(lái)很熟悉，但初創(chuàng)企業(yè)、規(guī)?；髽I(yè)和老牌企業(yè)之間存在著巨大的差異。在申請(qǐng)工作、衡量來(lái)自于初期和中期階段公司的工作機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，不妨問(wèn)自己以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：

該公司的產(chǎn)品是否有價(jià)值？

在評(píng)估潛在的雇主時(shí)，可以從評(píng)估其產(chǎn)品入手。如果它生產(chǎn)的是消費(fèi)品，而且你能夠購(gòu)買(mǎi)到并使用，那么就從這里入手。你喜歡這個(gè)產(chǎn)品嗎？它是否能解決你生活當(dāng)中的某個(gè)重大難題，你是否能夠聯(lián)想它會(huì)在其他人的生活中發(fā)揮同樣的作用？如果你能夠聯(lián)想到其他人的生活也會(huì)因這一產(chǎn)品或產(chǎn)品理念（即便是未上市）而改變或改善，那么你便完成了第一步。

通過(guò)閱讀評(píng)價(jià)，了解消費(fèi)者對(duì)其產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的感受。對(duì)于為企業(yè)提供服務(wù)的企業(yè)，搜索行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析或?qū)ふ乙晃徽鎸?shí)的客戶(hù)進(jìn)行交談，了解他們對(duì)公司現(xiàn)狀的看法，包括其實(shí)力、弱點(diǎn)、威脅和機(jī)遇。在該品牌官網(wǎng)或其他獨(dú)立評(píng)價(jià)網(wǎng)站查看客戶(hù)評(píng)論，搜索社交媒體查看它如何與客戶(hù)進(jìn)行接洽。你查看的所有地方是否都有產(chǎn)品的支持者？他們的生活是否受到了其產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的重大影響？

不管是哪種類(lèi)型的公司，你都應(yīng)該在完成調(diào)查后思考：這家公司提供的產(chǎn)品是否深受大家的喜愛(ài)，或正在開(kāi)發(fā)深受人們歡迎的產(chǎn)品。

自己對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和變化有著什么樣的承受力？

盡管在初創(chuàng)企業(yè)工作比在歷史悠久的老牌公司工作聽(tīng)起來(lái)更令人振奮，但是別忘了，初創(chuàng)企業(yè)與生俱來(lái)便與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相伴。美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自1994年以來(lái)，50%的新企業(yè)撐過(guò)了第四個(gè)年頭，在第十年依然存活的新企業(yè)只有1/3。不管你的評(píng)估有多么嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，有兩件事情你必須留意。第一，你在冒險(xiǎn)。第二，能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存活的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)很多時(shí)候靠的是運(yùn)氣，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)投資本家和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)無(wú)法控制外部市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。

你還應(yīng)該意識(shí)到，初創(chuàng)企業(yè)會(huì)經(jīng)常性地改變其產(chǎn)品、策略和團(tuán)隊(duì)。對(duì)于某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些公司良好的商業(yè)、職業(yè)和能力培養(yǎng)機(jī)遇比不確定性更重要。但對(duì)于某些人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種不確定的前景會(huì)讓他們感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)而不是興奮。請(qǐng)弄清楚自己的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

這一職務(wù)是否會(huì)給自己帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)？

第一份工作應(yīng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性，這一點(diǎn)十分重要。在找到最適合自己的工作之前，你可以嘗試幾份不同的工作，因此，你的早期工作應(yīng)有助于你培養(yǎng)良好的溝通、時(shí)間管理和問(wèn)題解決技巧，這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。此外，一定要接觸高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，并自愿嘗試不同部門(mén)的工作，這樣你便能獲得核心職責(zé)之外的技能。這些絕佳的方式都能夠讓你盡可能地從第一份工作中獲得最大的收益。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：馮豐

審稿：夏林

The Leadership Insiders network is an online community where the most thoughtful and influential people in business contribute answers to timely questions about careers and leadership. Today’s answer to the question, “What advice do you have for college graduates entering the workforce?” is written by Natalie Wadsworth, vice president of people at Sailthru.

As a new college graduate, evaluating potential companies to work for can be overwhelming—but it doesn’t have to be that hard. While many companies may seem similar at first glance, there are major differences between startups, scale-ups, and long-established enterprises. Here are some questions to think about when applying for jobs and considering offers from early- and mid-stage companies.

Do they offer a valuable product?

When evaluating a potential employer, start with evaluating their product. If you can buy and use the product because it’s a consumer product, start there. Do you love the product? Does it solve a major problem in your life or can you imagine that it does in the lives of many others? If you can imagine that lives will be changed or improved by this product, or by the idea of this product if it isn’t available yet, that’s a start.

Investigate what customers say about their product or service by reading reviews. For business-to-business companies, search for a competitive analysis of the industry or by finding and talking to a real customer to determine their point of view on the state of the company—including its strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Look for customer reviews on the brand’s site and on other, independent review sites to see what people are saying. Search for it on social media to see how it engages with its customers. Are there evangelists of the product everywhere you look? Could they not imagine their life without that product or service?

Regardless of what kind of company it is, you should come away from your research thinking: This company builds something lots of people really love or is developing something people will really love.

What’s your appetite for risk and change?

While working at a startup may seem more exciting than at an older, more established venture, it is critical to remember that startups by nature are inherently risky. According to the U.S. Bureau for Labor Statistics, since 1994, 50% of all new businesses made it to their fifth year and one-third made it to their 10th. No matter how rigorous an evaluation you undertake, you have to recognize two things. First, you’re taking a risk. Second, there is simply a lot of luck involved in a startup going the distance, as venture capitalists and leadership teams cannot control external market conditions.

It is also reasonable to expect that a startup will experience near-constant change to its product, strategy, and team. For some, that uncertainty might be outweighed by the great commercial, professional, and intellectual opportunities it offers. For others, that prospect may feel more terrifying than exciting. Figure out which type of person you are.

Will this position challenge me?

It's important to be challenged in your first job. You may explore a few different careers before settling on the best fit, so it is crucial that your early positions help you develop good communication, time management, and problem-solving skills. In addition, make sure to seek exposure to senior leadership and volunteer to work in different functions so you can gain skills outside of your core responsibilities. These are great ways to get everything you can out of your first experience in the workforce.