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這些“優(yōu)秀人才”都已退出特朗普經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)

Rey Mashayekhi
2019-06-20

在特朗普宣誓就職至今的兩年半里,至少有50名高官離開了他,有些人主動(dòng)辭職,另一些人則被粗暴趕走。

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今年6月初,經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問委員會(huì)主席凱文·哈塞特(右二)宣布從特朗普政府離職。圖片來源:Mark Wilson/Getty Images

現(xiàn)在看起來,特朗普政府的人員更替跟現(xiàn)代歷史上其他屆政府都不太一樣。在他宣誓就職至今的兩年半里,至少有50名高官離開了“特朗普世界”,從西翼的行政辦公人員到內(nèi)閣秘書均有離職。有些人主動(dòng)辭職,另一些人則被粗暴趕走。

今年6月初,又一位曾經(jīng)被特朗普高調(diào)任命的高官走出了賓夕法尼亞大道1600號(hào)的白宮大門,這次是總統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問委員會(huì)主席凱文·哈塞特。他曾經(jīng)在保守派領(lǐng)先智庫(kù)美國(guó)企業(yè)政策研究所(American Enterprise Institute)擔(dān)任主任,畢生致力于研究稅收政策。他在特朗普政府任首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家期間倡導(dǎo)給企業(yè)減稅,構(gòu)成了2017年《減稅和就業(yè)法案》的主要內(nèi)容,而該法案可以說是迄今為止特朗普在立法方面最重大的成就。

但與特朗普不同的是,哈塞特在貿(mào)易問題上持有更正統(tǒng)的自由市場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn),因此與特朗普政府的立場(chǎng)并不一致,特朗普政府先是采取貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義政策,對(duì)中國(guó)大幅提升關(guān)稅,最近又對(duì)墨西哥提升關(guān)稅。盡管如此,哈塞特還是向《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(New York Times)表示,自己離職與政府“政策分歧無關(guān)”。

以下是在哈塞特之前離開白宮的特朗普經(jīng)濟(jì)智囊團(tuán)成員(按離開的順序排序)以及現(xiàn)在從事的崗位。

保羅·溫弗里

國(guó)內(nèi)政策委員會(huì)副主任/預(yù)算政策主任(2017年12月辭職)

跟哈塞特一樣,溫弗里也是從華盛頓著名的保守派智囊團(tuán)進(jìn)入政府,之前擔(dān)任傳統(tǒng)基金會(huì)(Heritage Foundation)的主任。這位財(cái)政政策學(xué)者在特朗普政府制定第一份預(yù)算提案時(shí)發(fā)揮了重要作用,當(dāng)時(shí)他與管理和預(yù)算辦公室的主任米克·穆爾瓦尼(現(xiàn)任代理白宮幕僚長(zhǎng))合作。

上任不到一年,溫弗里就離開了白宮,回到傳統(tǒng)基金會(huì)主任的崗位上。他的離職比較友好,上個(gè)月還有報(bào)道稱,特朗普在提名斯蒂芬·摩爾和赫爾曼·凱恩出任美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)理事會(huì)成員失敗以后,可能會(huì)提名溫弗里。

杰里米·卡茨

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)副主任(2018年1月辭職)

卡茨曾經(jīng)是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)前主任加里·科恩(下文將介紹)的副手,在起草和推進(jìn)特朗普政府稅收改革法案方面發(fā)揮過關(guān)鍵作用,該法案于2017年年底正式通過。此后不久,卡茨于2018年1月辭職,此前有報(bào)道稱他向來計(jì)劃在政府任職不超過一年。他離開過程也比較平和,當(dāng)時(shí)科恩稱他是“研究和執(zhí)行總統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)議程的寶貴伙伴”。

迪娜·鮑威爾

經(jīng)濟(jì)倡議高級(jí)顧問/國(guó)家安全副顧問(2018年1月辭職)

鮑威爾在高盛集團(tuán)(Goldman Sachs)當(dāng)過高管,曾經(jīng)是特朗普政府中級(jí)別最高的女性之一。剛加入新政府時(shí)她擔(dān)任高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問,工作重點(diǎn)是“創(chuàng)業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和為婦女賦能”,與伊萬卡·特朗普密切合作。2017年3月,時(shí)任國(guó)家安全顧問的麥克馬斯特任命鮑威爾為副手之一,她還繼續(xù)擔(dān)任經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問,并兼任外交政策顧問,頗有影響力。

與卡茨一樣,鮑威爾也原本就計(jì)劃在政府中任職不超過一年。她在2018年1月辭職,回到紐約重新加入高盛。她離開白宮時(shí)也并無不睦,去年尼基·黑利辭職后很多人認(rèn)為她是美國(guó)駐聯(lián)合國(guó)大使的候選人,但最終她自己決定不予考慮。

加里·科恩

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)主任(2018年3月辭職)

雖然哈塞特曾經(jīng)是特朗普的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,但曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任高盛總裁兼首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官的科恩則是特朗普最為倚重的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問,在政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策幾乎每個(gè)方面都發(fā)揮過關(guān)鍵作用。為了出任該職,科恩放棄了接替勞埃德·貝蘭克梵出任高盛首席執(zhí)行官的大好機(jī)會(huì)(最終科恩的繼任者大衛(wèi)·所羅門成功上位,去年10月接替了貝蘭克梵)。

在科恩的主持之下,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁擴(kuò)張,但他在白宮任職的經(jīng)歷卻很坎坷。從一開始,他就被視為政府“全球主義者”派系的關(guān)鍵人物,與史蒂夫·班農(nóng)和斯蒂芬·米勒等顧問代表的白宮“民粹主義”派系展開了正面交鋒。在特朗普發(fā)表爭(zhēng)議言論,將弗吉尼亞州夏洛茨維爾白人至上主義集會(huì)上爆發(fā)的暴力事件歸咎于“雙方”之后,一度有傳聞稱科恩考慮在2017年8月辭職。

7個(gè)月后,在特朗普決定對(duì)進(jìn)口鋼鋁全面征收關(guān)稅,科恩終于宣布辭職。對(duì)鋼鋁開征關(guān)稅是美國(guó)政府日趨保護(hù)主義貿(mào)易立場(chǎng)的第一步,而目前中美兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)正在不斷升級(jí)??贫鞯慕尤握邽槔铩?kù)德洛,哈佛大學(xué)約翰·肯尼迪政府學(xué)院政治研究所的訪問研究員。

埃弗雷特·艾森斯塔特

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)副主任/主管國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的總統(tǒng)副助理(2018年7月辭職)

艾森斯塔特曾經(jīng)是特朗普在貿(mào)易相關(guān)事務(wù)上的高級(jí)助理之一,他曾經(jīng)在G7、G20和亞太經(jīng)合組織峰會(huì)等會(huì)議上代表總統(tǒng)。盡管艾森斯塔特在政府日益轉(zhuǎn)向保護(hù)主義之際不斷發(fā)聲支持貿(mào)易,不過報(bào)道稱去年他離職是出于“家庭原因”。之后,他加入通用汽車(General Motors),擔(dān)任全球公共政策高級(jí)副總裁,負(fù)責(zé)通用汽車在華盛頓的游說工作,直接向該公司的董事長(zhǎng)兼首席執(zhí)行官瑪麗·巴拉匯報(bào)。

克利特·威勒姆斯

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)副主任/主管國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)的總統(tǒng)副助理(2019年3月辭職)

威勒姆斯曾經(jīng)是特朗普政府的另一位高級(jí)貿(mào)易顧問,去年夏天獲得擢升,接替艾森斯塔特的職務(wù)。8個(gè)月后,威勒姆斯也決定離開,辭去中美兩國(guó)主要貿(mào)易談判代表的職務(wù),加入艾金·崗波律師事務(wù)所,負(fù)責(zé)公共法律和政策實(shí)踐事務(wù)。雖然威勒姆斯在中美雙方貿(mào)易談判日益激烈的當(dāng)口上離職,但白宮方面表示,他辭去公職是想要有更多時(shí)間與家人團(tuán)聚。

琳達(dá)·麥克馬洪

小企業(yè)管理局局長(zhǎng)(2019年4月辭職)

琳達(dá)·麥克馬洪曾經(jīng)跟丈夫文斯一起,將美國(guó)職業(yè)摔角WWE打造成了職業(yè)摔角界的杰出企業(yè)。特朗普總統(tǒng)跟麥克馬洪一家是朋友,還曾經(jīng)在美國(guó)職業(yè)摔跤當(dāng)過上鏡名人,他在當(dāng)選以后任命麥克馬洪為小企業(yè)管理局局長(zhǎng)。今年春天,她在任職兩年多后宣布辭職,在總統(tǒng)連任競(jìng)選即將到來之際擔(dān)任親特朗普的超級(jí)政治行動(dòng)委員會(huì)主席。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:艾倫

審校:夏林

At this point, it’s well-documented that the Trump White House has seen a level of turnover unlike any other administration in modern times. At this point, no less than 50 top officials—from West Wing staffers to cabinet secretaries—have left Trumpworld in the two-and-a-half years since the President took the oath of office. Some departed on their own volition; others, for one reason or another, were unceremoniously forced out.

In the beginning of June, another high-profile appointee walk out the doors of 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue: Kevin Hassett, the chairman of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers. As the administration’s top economist, Hassett—a career tax policy wonk and former director at the American Enterprise Institute, a leading conservative think tank—advocated for the corporate tax cuts that comprised the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, arguably Trump’s most significant legislative achievement to date.

Yet unlike the President, Hassett also holds more orthodox, free-market views on trade—a position that put him at odds with the Trump administration’s protectionist, tariff-heavy trade stance toward China and, more recently, Mexico. Despite that, Hassett told The New York Times that his departure has “nothing to do with any policy disagreements” within the administration.

Here are the members of Trump’s economic braintrust who preceded Hassett in leaving (in the order of their departure) and where they are now.

Paul Winfree

Deputy Director of Domestic Policy Council / Director of Budget Policy (Resigned, December 2017)

Like Hassett, Winfree also came to the administration from a prominent D.C.-based conservative think tank—in his case, the Heritage Foundation, where he served as a director. The fiscal policy wonk played an important role in crafting the administration’s first budget proposal, working alongside Office of Management and Budget director (and now-acting White House chief of staff) Mick Mulvaney.

Winfree left the White House after less than a year to return to his director gig at the Heritage Foundation. He did so amicably—as evidenced by reports last month that President Trump could nominate him to the Federal Reserve’s board of governors, in the wake of the failed nominations of Stephen Moore and Herman Cain.

Jeremy Katz

Deputy Director of National Economic Council (Resigned, January 2018)

Katz was deputy to former National Economic Council director Gary Cohn (more on him soon) and played a key role in crafting and pushing through the Trump administration’s tax reform bill, which was signed into law at the end of 2017. Katz resigned from his post shortly thereafter in January 2018, having reportedly always planned to stay in the administration for no more than one year. He departed on good terms, with Cohn describing him as “an invaluable partner in the development and execution of the President’s economic agenda.”

Dina Powell

Senior Counselor for Economic Initiatives / Deputy National Security Adviser (Resigned, January 2018)

The former Goldman Sachs executive was one of the highest-ranking women in Trump’s White House, initially joining the new administration as a senior economic adviser focused on “entrepreneurship, economic growth, and the empowerment of women”—a role in which she worked closely with Ivanka Trump. In March 2017, then-National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster named Powell as one of his deputies, with Powell continuing in her economic adviser role while also pulling double-duty as an influential foreign policy adviser.

Like Katz, Powell supposedly also planned to serve no more than one year in the administration—resigning in January 2018, returning to her home in New York and rejoining Goldman Sachs. She also left the White House on good terms, and was widely mentioned as a candidate for U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations after Nikki Haley’s resignation last year; Powell eventually withdrew herself from consideration.

Gary Cohn

Director of National Economic Council (Resigned, March 2018)

Hassett may have been Trump’s top economist, but the former Goldman Sachs president and COO was the President’s top economic advisor and played a crucial role in virtually every aspect of the administration’s economic policy. For the privilege of doing so, Cohn gave up what many considered to be a good shot at replacing Lloyd Blankfein as Goldman’s CEO (the job eventually went to Cohn’s replacement, David Solomon, who succeeded Blankfein last October).

Despite presiding over a robust, expanding economy, Cohn’s tenure in the White House was a rocky one. From the outset, he was cast as a key player in the establishment, “globalist” faction of the administration, which butted heads with the “populist” wing of the White House embodied by the likes of advisers Steve Bannon and Stephen Miller. Cohn was rumored to be considering his resignation in August 2017, after Trump’s controversial statements blaming “both sides” for the violence that broke out at that month’s white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Va.

He eventually announced his resignation seven months later, in the wake of the President’s decision to impose sweeping tariffs on steel and aluminum imports—one of the first steps in the administration’s increasingly protectionist trade stance, now embodied by its escalating trade war with China. Cohn was replaced by Larry Kudlow and is now a visiting fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Everett Eissenstat

Deputy Director of National Economic Council / Deputy Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs (Resigned, July 2018)

Eissenstat was one of Trump’s top aides on trade-related matters and represented the President at the likes of the G7, G20 and APEC summits. Despite being a pro-trade voice amid the administration’s shift toward more protectionist policies, Eissenstat’s departure last year was reportedly motivated by “family reasons.” He’s since joined General Motors as senior vice president of global public policy, leading the automaker’s D.C. lobbying efforts and reporting directly to GM chair and CEO Mary Barra.

Clete Willems

Deputy Director of National Economic Council / Deputy Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs (Resigned, March 2019)

Another of the administration’s top trade advisers, Willems was promoted to the departing Eissenstat’s job last summer. Eight months later, Willems himself was on the way out—exiting a role as one of the White House’s lead trade negotiators with China to join law firm Akin Gump’s public law and policy practice. Despite Willems’ departing amid increasingly contentious trade talks with Beijing, the White House said his pivot to the private sector was motivated by a desire to spend more time with his family.

Linda McMahon

Head of Small Business Administration (Resigned, April 2019)

Alongside her husband Vince, Linda McMahon helped built World Wrestling Entertainment into the preeminent enterprise in the world of professional wrestling. After his election, President Trump—a friend of the McMahons, and himself a former WWE on-screen personality—appointed McMahon to lead the Small Business Administration. This spring, she announced her resignation after more than two years on the job, stepping down to chair a pro-Trump super PAC ahead of the President’s reelection campaign.

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