龐大的規(guī)?？梢詣?chuàng)造良性循環(huán)，而這個良性循環(huán)反過來又會影響企業(yè)在《財富》雜志的全球最受贊賞的公司排行榜上的表現(xiàn)。該榜單的評分系統(tǒng)對于在管理的多個方面表現(xiàn)均很出色的公司更為有利（制榜方法見后）。公司的規(guī)模越大，其同行和競爭對手就越有可能去積極地了解關于該公司成功的方法以及原因的信息，同時也會格外重視這些信息。

這一現(xiàn)象或許有助于解釋蘋果公司能夠常年位居榜首的原因。蘋果不僅是全球最大的企業(yè)之一——其2020財年的營收達2,750億美元，也是最受科技界和商業(yè)媒體密切關注的企業(yè)之一。我們請受調查者根據(jù)9項標準給各個企業(yè)打分。今年，蘋果在其中8項指標上的得分都進入了前十名，在“產品質量”和“財務狀況穩(wěn)健”這兩項指標上的得分最高。

大型零售商塔吉特同樣頗受同行贊賞，也有8項指標的得分名列前茅。一年來，塔吉特雇傭了數(shù)萬名員工，大幅擴大了路邊取貨和網(wǎng)上購物等服務的規(guī)模。受訪者在“管理質量”和“合理使用企業(yè)資產”這兩項上給了塔吉特最高的評分。與此同時，電子商務和云計算巨頭亞馬遜有6項指標的得分進入了前十名，在“創(chuàng)新力”和“長期投資價值”兩方面的排名最高。（對亞馬遜來說，在“長期投資價值”方面排名最高其實是一種比較含蓄的說法。10年前對亞馬遜價值10萬美元的投資，在今天的價值超過了160萬美元。）

除了總體的50家“全球最受贊賞的公司全明星榜”以外，《財富》雜志全球最受贊賞的公司調查還追蹤了52個行業(yè)類別——其中幾家公司的連勝紀錄相比蘋果公司來說并不遜色，甚至更勝一籌。例如，伯克希爾-哈撒韋公司已經連續(xù)23年蟬聯(lián)財產和意外傷害保險行業(yè)榜首。華特迪士尼也已經連續(xù)18年位居第一大娛樂公司。在這一年中，強生公司將企業(yè)的重要資源投入到了新冠肺炎疫苗的研發(fā)工作中，同時也第8次在制藥行業(yè)榜單上名列第一位。（伯克希爾-哈撒韋、強生與微軟、可口可樂和豐田汽車共同組成了一個精英企業(yè)類別：自1998年以來，這幾家企業(yè)每年都會出現(xiàn)在我們的“全明星”榜單上。）

不過，連續(xù)性雖然很普遍，但并未形成一種規(guī)則。部分行業(yè)的榜單上也出現(xiàn)了新的企業(yè)，比如采礦和原油生產（紐蒙特礦業(yè)勝出）、卡車運輸和物流（來自丹麥的馬士基公司排名最高）、包裝和容器（國際紙業(yè)公司）以及金融數(shù)據(jù)服務（標準普爾全球）等。今年，百事公司在消費食品行業(yè)排名第一位，結束了雀巢長達15年的統(tǒng)治。這也讓百事公司因為其種族和社會正義問題立場以及其全球品牌組合而備受關注的一年劃上了句號。

而在人壽和健康保險行業(yè)，紐約人壽第一次登上了榜首。2020年，這家擁有175年歷史的公司通過收購信諾公司的幾個業(yè)務部門，鞏固了其作為美國最大的互惠型人壽保險公司的地位。這也是該公司歷史上規(guī)模最大的一次收購。從中得到的啟示：有時，企業(yè)聲譽可以隨著業(yè)務規(guī)模的擴大而得到提升。

——Matt Heimer, Scott DeCarlo

Computer Software

1 Microsoft

2 Adobe

3 Salesforce

4 ServiceNow

5 Intuit

6 Workday

7 Autodesk

8 Splunk

Computers

1 Apple

2 Dell Technologies

3 HP

4 Hewlett Packard Enterprise

5 Seagate Technology

6 Asustek Computer

7 Quanta Computer

8 Western Digital

Information Technology Services

1 Accenture

2 Gartner

3 IBM

4 Booz Allen Hamilton Holding

5 Leidos Holdings

6 Science Applications International

7 Insight Enterprises

8* CACI International

8* Fujitsu

Internet Services and Retailing

1 Amazon.com

2 Alphabet

3 Tencent Holdings

4 Wayfair

5 Alibaba Group Holding

6 JD.com

7 Booking Holdings

Network and Other Communications Equipment

1 Cisco Systems

2 Ciena

3 Palo Alto Networks

4 Ericsson

5 Motorola Solutions

Telecommunications

1 Verizon Communications

2 Vodafone Group

3 Telefónica

4 AT&T

5 SoftBank Group

6 Deutsche Telekom

7 NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone)

8 América Móvil

Apparel

1 Nike

2 VF

3 Levi Strauss

4 Kering

5 Adidas

Beverages

1 Coca-Cola

2 Diageo

3 Heineken Holding

4 Pernod Ricard

5 Suntory Holdings

6 Coca-Cola Consolidated

7 Anheuser-Busch InBev

8 Keurig Dr Pepper

Consumer Food Products

1 PepsiCo

2 Nestlé

3 Mondelēz International

4 General Mills

5 Danone

6 Kellogg

Food Production

1 Tyson Foods

2 Archer Daniels Midland

3 Wilmar International

4 Louis Dreyfus Company

5 Ingredion

Home Equipment, Furnishings

1 Steelcase

2 Stanley Black & Decker

3 Whirlpool

4 Haier Smart Home

5 Leggett & Platt

6 Fortune Brands Home & Security

Soaps and Cosmetics

1 Procter & Gamble

2 L'Oréal

3 Unilever

4 Estée Lauder Companies

5 Colgate-Palmolive

6 Kimberly-Clark

Diversified Outsourcing Services

1 Waste Management

2 Compass Group

3 Sodexo

4* Republic Services

4* Robert Half International

6 Aramark

Health Care: Insurance and Managed Care

1 UnitedHealth Group

2 Humana

3 Anthem

4 Centene

Health Care: Medical Facilities

1 HCA Healthcare

2 Fresenius

3 Universal Health Services

4 Encompass Health

5 DaVita

Health Care: Pharmacy and Other Services

1 CVS Health

2 IQVIA Holdings

3 Laboratory Corp. of America

4 Quest Diagnostics

5 Charles River Laboratories International

Consumer Credit Card and Related Services

1 Visa

2 Mastercard

3 PayPal Holdings

4 American Express

5 Capital One Financial

Financial Data Services

1 S&P Global

2 Automatic Data Processing

3 Fiserv

4 Fidelity National Information Services

5 Paychex

Insurance: Life and Health

1 New York Life Insurance

2 Northwestern Mutual

3 Massachusetts Mutual Life

4 MetLife

5 Prudential Financial (U.S.)

6 TIAA

7 Aflac

8 Principal Financial

Insurance: Property and Casualty

1 Berkshire Hathaway

2 U.S.A

3* Allstate

3* Chubb

5 Travelers Cos.

6 Progressive

7 Zurich Insurance Group

8 Swiss Re

Megabanks

1 JPMorgan Chase

2 Bank of America

3 Goldman Sachs Group

4 Morgan Stanley

5 Citigroup

6 Royal Bank of Canada

7 BNP Paribas

8* Société Générale

8* Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group

Securities and Asset Management

1 BlackRock

2 Charles Schwab

3 T. Rowe Price

4 Jones Financial (Edward Jones)

5 Raymond James Financial

Superregional Banks

1 U.S. Bancorp

2 PNC Financial Services Group

3 Northern Trust

4 State Street

5 Truist Financial

6 M&T Bank

Entertainment

1 Walt Disney

2 Netflix

3 Activision Blizzard

4 Electronic Arts

5 Nintendo

6 Comcast

7 Live Nation Entertainment

8* Liberty Media

8* Warner Music Group

Hotels, Casinos, and Resorts

1 Marriott International

2 Hilton Worldwide Holdings

3 Hyatt Hotels

4 Las Vegas Sands

5 Wynn Resorts

6 MGM Resorts International

Chemicals

1 3M

2 Ecolab

3 Linde

4 PPG Industries

5 Bayer

6 BASF

7 LyondellBasell Industries

Metals

1 Steel Dynamics

2 Nucor

3 Reliance Steel & Aluminum

4 ArcelorMittal

5 Alcoa

6 Nippon Steel Corporation

7 Voestalpine

Mining, Crude-Oil Production

1 Newmont

2 ConocoPhillips

3 BHP Group

4 Anglo American

5 Occidental Petroleum

6 Freeport-McMoRan

7 Glencore

8 Apache

Packaging, Containers

1 International Paper

2 Sonoco Products

3 Ball

4 WestRock

5 Packaging Corp. of America

Pharmaceuticals

1 Johnson & Johnson

2 Merck

3 Novartis

4 Roche Group

5 Bristol-Myers Squibb

6 Pfizer

7 AbbVie

Electric and Gas Utilities

1 NextEra Energy

2 Xcel Energy

3 Dominion Energy

4 Southern Company

5 American Electric Power

6 Sempra Energy

7 Duke Energy

8 Exelon

Electronics

1 Samsung Electronics

2 Honeywell International

3 Schneider Electric

4 Sony

5 TE Connectivity

6 LG Electronics

7 Eaton

8 Flex

Medical Products and Equipment

1 Abbott Laboratories

2 Danaher

3 Thermo Fisher Scientific

4 Medtronic

5 Boston Scientific

6 Stryker

Semiconductors

1 Nvidia

2 Taiwan Semiconductor

3 Qualcomm

4 Applied Materials

5 Lam Research

6 Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)

7 Texas Instruments

Engineering, Construction

1 AECOM

2 Jacobs Engineering Group

3 Quanta Services

4 MasTec

5 KBR

Homebuilders

1 Lennar

2 Toll Brothers

3 PulteGroup

4 D.R. Horton

5 NVR

Real Estate

1 CBRE Group

2 Equinix

3 Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL)

4 Simon Property Group

5 American Tower

Food and Drugstores

1 Publix Super Markets

2 Walgreens Boots Alliance

3 Sprouts Farmers Market

4 Kroger

5 Royal Ahold Delhaize

6 Weis Markets

Food Services

1 Starbucks

2 Domino's Pizza

3 Chipotle Mexican Grill

4 McDonald's

5 Yum Brands

General Merchandisers

1 Target

2 Walmart

3 Costco Wholesale

4 Nordstrom

5 BJ's Wholesale Club

Specialty Retailers

1 Lowe's

2 Home Depot

3 Best Buy

4 AutoNation

5 Penske Automotive Group

6 TJX

7 Alimentation Couche-Tard

8 Murphy U.S.

Wholesalers: Diversified

1 W.W. Grainger

2 Graybar Electric

3 WESCO International

4 Fastenal

5 HD Supply Holdings

6 Genuine Parts

Wholesalers: Electronics and Office Equipment

1 Arrow Electronics

2 Tech Data

3 Synnex

4 ScanSource

Wholesalers: Health Care

1 Henry Schein

2 McKesson

3 AmerisourceBergen

4 Cardinal Health

Aerospace and Defense

1 Lockheed Martin

2 Northrop Grumman

3 Raytheon Technologies

4 L3Harris Technologies

5 Airbus Group

6 General Dynamics

7 BAE Systems

8 Thales Group

Airlines

1 Delta Air Lines

2 Singapore Airlines

3 Southwest Airlines

4 Air France-KLM Group

5 Lufthansa Group

6 ANA Holdings

7 Cathay Pacific Airways

8 Spirit Airlines

Construction and Farm Machinery

1 Deere

2 Caterpillar

3 Oshkosh Corporation

4 Volvo

5 Paccar

Delivery

1 UPS

2 Deutsche Post DHL Group

3 FedEx

4 La Poste

5 Nippon Express

Industrial Machinery

1 Siemens

2 Trane Technologies

3 Illinois Tool Works

4 Cummins

5 Fortive

6 Emerson Electric

Motor Vehicle Parts

1 Toyota Industries

2 Bosch

3 Michelin

4 Lear

5 ZF Friedrichshafen

6 Bridgestone

7* Continental

7* Denso

Motor Vehicles

1 BMW

2 Toyota Motor

3 Daimler

4 General Motors

5 Honda Motor

6 Tesla

7 Hyundai Motor

8 Volkswagen

Trucking, Transportation, Logistics

1 Maersk Group

2 Union Pacific

3 C.H. Robinson Worldwide

4 Ryder System

5 XPO Logistics

6 Polaris