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為什么楊安澤一定要參選紐約市長(zhǎng)?

NICOLE GOODKIND
2021-04-05

這是美國(guó)政界最難干的一份工作,也是風(fēng)水最差的一個(gè)職位

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很多美國(guó)人可能很難理解,為什么在這個(gè)時(shí)候還有人愿意去當(dāng)紐約市長(zhǎng)。

紐約市長(zhǎng)是一份吃力不討好的工作,紐約人對(duì)歷屆市長(zhǎng)都不太友好。(所有紐約隊(duì)主場(chǎng)的體育比賽,你都能聽見有人在噓自己的主隊(duì),這也算是紐約的一個(gè)奇景了。)

紐約市長(zhǎng)可以說是美國(guó)政界最難干的一份工作,同時(shí)也是風(fēng)水最差的一個(gè)職位。每一位還活著的紐約市長(zhǎng),都曾經(jīng)嘗試過競(jìng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng),但沒有一個(gè)成功的。

但是,剛參加完總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選的華人科技企業(yè)家楊安澤卻很想得到這份工作。

楊安澤原本只在商界小有名氣,但卻因?yàn)閰⒓痈?jìng)選,一夜之間成為美國(guó)的政治明星。特別是他在競(jìng)選辯論階段提出了要向全民提供基本收入等理念。只不過這些理念隨著他的退選而擱淺。

楊安澤在網(wǎng)上也有大量粉絲,號(hào)稱“楊派”。在他競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)期間,他還發(fā)行了一種名叫“Math”的競(jìng)選代幣。廣大粉絲高舉“Math”字樣的橫幅標(biāo)語(yǔ),為他聲援助威。

楊安澤的民調(diào)結(jié)果很好,也有足夠的資金,讓他在大選中一直走到了2020年2月。這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了此前人們的預(yù)期,同時(shí)也讓他在政界聲名鵲起。

這次新冠疫情奪走了無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人的生命,剝奪了無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人的工作,讓許多企業(yè)陷入困境,最終倒閉。

不過楊安澤認(rèn)為,隨著紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸從疫情復(fù)蘇,他看到了一個(gè)千載難逢的重塑美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)。

楊安澤以一個(gè)局外人的姿態(tài),殺入了紐約根深蒂固的政治格局,這著實(shí)震驚了一些人。而紐約當(dāng)?shù)氐娜舜蠖急е覟?zāi)樂禍的態(tài)度,準(zhǔn)備看他的笑話。但楊安澤卻確實(shí)展現(xiàn)出了贏家的底氣。

根據(jù)其競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)的內(nèi)部民調(diào),他目前在市長(zhǎng)選舉中處于領(lǐng)跑地位,獲得了25%的首選票,而且以兩位數(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)領(lǐng)先于最有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手、布魯克林大區(qū)區(qū)長(zhǎng)埃里克·亞當(dāng)斯。外部民調(diào)也顯示,楊安澤的支持率位居第一,不過領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)較小。

不過到目前為止,可能還有半數(shù)民主黨選民尚未決定他們的首選對(duì)象。

《財(cái)富》通過電話采訪了楊安澤,談?wù)摿怂蛩闳绾乌A得選民支持、他對(duì)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來(lái)規(guī)劃,以及他為什么一定要參選紐約市長(zhǎng)。

《財(cái)富》:如果你贏了這次市長(zhǎng)選舉,你將在2022年1月就職。到那時(shí),可能紐約的大部分人都已經(jīng)接種了新冠疫苗,城市也進(jìn)入了復(fù)蘇狀態(tài)。你上任后要做的事是什么?

楊安澤:我是一個(gè)喜歡數(shù)字的人,你可以從數(shù)字中看出紐約面臨的危機(jī)有多深。這里已經(jīng)失去了3萬(wàn)條生命,他們之中有些還是我們的朋友、家人和鄰居。我們還失去了60萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位、84%的通勤工作者、6000萬(wàn)游客、70%的地鐵乘客。成千上萬(wàn)的小企業(yè)要么已經(jīng)倒閉,要么瀕臨倒閉。

所以,如果你想扭轉(zhuǎn)這種局面,首要任務(wù)就是給予企業(yè)信心,讓大家回到工作崗位。因?yàn)槿绻麊T工不在辦公室里,不僅僅會(huì)傷害企業(yè)本身,還會(huì)影響到保安、清潔工、食品運(yùn)輸車司機(jī)、零售商店和餐館等各方面,因?yàn)樗麄儗]有任何業(yè)務(wù)。

希望到明年年初我上任的時(shí)候,很多人已經(jīng)接種了疫苗,而且有更多的人回到了這座城市。但我們要面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí),情況不會(huì)一下子恢復(fù)到疫情前的水平。

很多企業(yè)已經(jīng)對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)流程做出了重大調(diào)整,比如引入了更高水平的遠(yuǎn)程工作。我跟一些CEO交談過,很多CEO跟我說,他們會(huì)把員工叫回辦公室上班,但可能不是一周五天,而是一周三天。所以我們必須盡量鼓勵(lì)大家通勤上班,因?yàn)檫@是我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱之一。

比如說,如果你每周到紐約上班五天,你可能會(huì)獲得一張50美元的禮品券,你可以用它去某個(gè)餐廳或酒吧消費(fèi),和朋友們聚一聚。商家可以拿這張禮品券到市政府進(jìn)行兌換。這些都是我們?yōu)榱宋藗兓貋?lái)上班而應(yīng)該采取的措施。

另外,紐約還失去了6000萬(wàn)游客,而旅游業(yè)支撐起了幾十萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位。旅游業(yè)可能還需要幾年的時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)到以前的水平,所以我們必須想方設(shè)法加快這一進(jìn)程。

比如我們可以在陣亡將士紀(jì)念日那一天和那一周實(shí)行地鐵免票政策。這樣一來(lái),很多人可能會(huì)坐地鐵探索紐約的各個(gè)地區(qū)。這可以起到鼓勵(lì)人們來(lái)紐約的作用,有些人可能已經(jīng)有幾個(gè)月沒來(lái)紐約了。

從歷史上看,紐約在鼓勵(lì)人們前來(lái)旅游方面,投入的資源相對(duì)較少,有部分原因是之前我們不需要這么做,每個(gè)人都想來(lái)這里。但是現(xiàn)在,我們必須更認(rèn)真、更持續(xù)地在這方面進(jìn)行投資。

激勵(lì)員工來(lái)上班是一個(gè)有意思的想法,但企業(yè)和CEO是怎么想的呢?如果人們不愿意來(lái)紐約,你怎樣才能讓企業(yè)留在紐約,支付高額的辦公場(chǎng)所租金呢?

我們必須證明,沒有任何地方有比紐約更好的環(huán)境來(lái)建立一家世界級(jí)的企業(yè)。而當(dāng)人們聚在一起的時(shí)候,他們的創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新能力會(huì)達(dá)到更高的水平。

有大量研究表明,當(dāng)員工們?cè)谕粋€(gè)地方工作時(shí),他們會(huì)更有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新力。

從很多方面看,這都是紐約的核心價(jià)值主張。遠(yuǎn)程辦公在某些方面確實(shí)很有好處,但它不利于文化建設(shè),不利于培養(yǎng)下一代的人才和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。雖然你可以通過Zoom完成某些工作,但你沒有辦法通過它建立一個(gè)成功的企業(yè)文化。

事實(shí)證明,在同一個(gè)地方辦公的團(tuán)隊(duì),往往具有巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這一點(diǎn)在科技、媒體或者金融等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)極其激烈的行業(yè)尤為明顯。在這些行業(yè)里,如果你比別人更具有創(chuàng)新性和創(chuàng)造力,就能獲得巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。

你對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)有何構(gòu)想?你會(huì)在紐約普及全民基本收入嗎?

我們需要盡一切所能,確保人們有安全而穩(wěn)定的生活,所以我支持定向的現(xiàn)金救濟(jì)。我支持讓更多的紐約人用上高速的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),讓更多人獲得基本的金融服務(wù)。

現(xiàn)在將近八分之一的紐約人仍然沒有銀行賬戶,這在作為世界金融之都的紐約是一個(gè)很不合理的現(xiàn)象。

我認(rèn)為,紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)重要機(jī)會(huì),是吸引下一代的企業(yè)家,將紐約打造成更高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)水平上的一個(gè)主要科技中心。我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該有“爭(zhēng)當(dāng)?shù)谝弧钡木瘛<~約的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟(jì)的多樣化水平要超過美國(guó)任何地方。

如果紐約是一個(gè)國(guó)家,它將相當(dāng)于世界第11大經(jīng)濟(jì)體??萍脊驹谶@里能找到巨大的商機(jī),特別是消費(fèi)品、媒體、金融、文化和時(shí)尚領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者大量聚集在紐約,科技公司可以利用這種“近水樓臺(tái)”的優(yōu)勢(shì)打造下一代企業(yè)。

我認(rèn)為下一批創(chuàng)新者會(huì)把科技融合到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)中,而紐約正是這方面的一個(gè)理想平臺(tái)。

你是想為廣大初創(chuàng)公司打造一個(gè)科技中心嗎?或者,你有沒有想過讓谷歌和蘋果等知名科技公司把總部搬到紐約?

有件事很讓人高興,谷歌剛剛為它的紐約辦事處投資了2億多美元。

另外,我還有一個(gè)叫艾略特·霍洛維茨的朋友,他是一個(gè)很成功的創(chuàng)業(yè)者。他在紐約市創(chuàng)辦了一家新的科技公司。他表示,在紐約創(chuàng)業(yè)有很大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),因?yàn)檫@里的優(yōu)秀人才很多,畢竟人才都對(duì)紐約感興趣。

另外,亞馬遜公司在紐約有26000個(gè)工作崗位,我們不可能讓他們離開紐約。所以我要讓紐約成為大企業(yè)、小企業(yè)、新公司和老公司都想來(lái)的地方。

你曾說過,要把紐約變成一個(gè)數(shù)字貨幣中心。那將會(huì)是什么樣子?你打算如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃?

我要再次強(qiáng)調(diào),紐約是世界金融之都。目前,數(shù)字貨幣和比特幣已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)具有上萬(wàn)億美元規(guī)模的資產(chǎn)類別。紐約的很多大公司、大銀行都在投資數(shù)字貨幣及其應(yīng)用。

我的目標(biāo)是,支持這些技術(shù)的研發(fā),找到區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的更多用途,以促進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。

作為世界金融之都,對(duì)這個(gè)上萬(wàn)億美元資產(chǎn)類別的創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行投資,是毫無(wú)疑問的。

我們談了很多關(guān)于創(chuàng)新和金融的問題。接下來(lái),你打算怎樣保護(hù)自由職業(yè)者呢?你打算做些工作來(lái)保護(hù)和提高自由職業(yè)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全水平嗎?特別是紐約的自由職業(yè)者。

我們可以做一些事情來(lái)更好地保護(hù)自由職業(yè)者,比如在需要簽訂合同的時(shí)候,適當(dāng)降低門檻,并且向自由職業(yè)者預(yù)付一定比例的報(bào)酬等等。我認(rèn)為,這樣可以把一些不懷好意的人篩選出去。

另外,我們還應(yīng)該讓自由職業(yè)者享有以往只有全職員工才能享受的一些福利待遇。首先自然是醫(yī)保,其次是各種勞動(dòng)保護(hù)。

我的目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)福利項(xiàng)目,通過一個(gè)基金來(lái)幫助向自由職業(yè)者提供福利,同時(shí)消化一部分雇傭自由職業(yè)者的成本,從而讓這個(gè)計(jì)劃更加具有可持續(xù)性。

紐約好像已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)大麻合法化的政策,這是一個(gè)潛在規(guī)模達(dá)42億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)。如果你當(dāng)選了市長(zhǎng),你會(huì)怎樣對(duì)待這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)?

我很高興紐約州也加入了大麻合法化的行列。我也認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì),很多創(chuàng)業(yè)者都可以利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。我希望紐約市能成為這方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

我認(rèn)為,我們首先要確保一些以往受相關(guān)執(zhí)法活動(dòng)影響的群體,能夠從大麻合法化中直接受益。這種情況可能不會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)生,所以我們可能需要提供一些幫助,以確保這些群體真正參與到這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中來(lái)。

我認(rèn)為大麻合法化可以給當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)數(shù)億美元的收入。另外,我之所以支持大麻合法化,還因?yàn)樵谥委熖弁捶矫?,它比一些已?jīng)奪走了很多美國(guó)人生命的物質(zhì)更安全。

很多前任的紐約市長(zhǎng)都競(jìng)選過美國(guó)總統(tǒng),但最后都以失敗告終。都說紐約市長(zhǎng)是一份不好干的工作,而且在政治上好像也是一份沒有前途的工作。你除了當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)以外,還有什么政治目標(biāo)嗎?

在這場(chǎng)百年不遇的危機(jī)中,作為全世界最偉大城市的市長(zhǎng),我認(rèn)為除了考慮工作本身的職責(zé),考慮其他事情都是愚蠢的。

如果我能加快紐約的復(fù)蘇,帶領(lǐng)大家共克時(shí)艱,我會(huì)說:“這是我做過的最有意義的事。”我會(huì)把這段經(jīng)歷視為我人生的高光時(shí)刻。

我認(rèn)為對(duì)于任何一個(gè)從事類似工作的人來(lái)說,這都是唯一的選擇。

我的精力都集中在讓這座城市盡快復(fù)蘇上,我希望讓企業(yè)仍然愿意在這里投資,父母仍然愿意在這里養(yǎng)育子女,人們?nèi)匀荒茉谶@里出人頭地——就像25年前的我一樣,人們可以在這里,過上在美國(guó)其他地方夢(mèng)想中的生活。

能幫助這座城市復(fù)蘇,這本身就是一件令人激動(dòng)的事情。如果這時(shí)你還在考慮別的,那你就錯(cuò)了。

你在推特上很活躍,也有很多粉絲。你是如何使用這個(gè)媒介的?

我的推特是我在總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選期間,用來(lái)激發(fā)能量、讓大家認(rèn)識(shí)我的一個(gè)工具。但是現(xiàn)在,我認(rèn)為它確實(shí)能讓大家了解我的一些工作,所以我覺得它是有用的。

但我也認(rèn)為,不管出于什么原因,有些人可能對(duì)它感興趣過頭了(笑),他們好像是要分析出我每一句話背后的潛臺(tái)詞——不管我到底有沒有那個(gè)意思。其實(shí)我們只是想把我們的愿景和信息傳達(dá)出來(lái)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

很多美國(guó)人可能很難理解,為什么在這個(gè)時(shí)候還有人愿意去當(dāng)紐約市長(zhǎng)。

紐約市長(zhǎng)是一份吃力不討好的工作,紐約人對(duì)歷屆市長(zhǎng)都不太友好。(所有紐約隊(duì)主場(chǎng)的體育比賽,你都能聽見有人在噓自己的主隊(duì),這也算是紐約的一個(gè)奇景了。)

紐約市長(zhǎng)可以說是美國(guó)政界最難干的一份工作,同時(shí)也是風(fēng)水最差的一個(gè)職位。每一位還活著的紐約市長(zhǎng),都曾經(jīng)嘗試過競(jìng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng),但沒有一個(gè)成功的。

但是,剛參加完總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選的華人科技企業(yè)家楊安澤卻很想得到這份工作。

楊安澤原本只在商界小有名氣,但卻因?yàn)閰⒓痈?jìng)選,一夜之間成為美國(guó)的政治明星。特別是他在競(jìng)選辯論階段提出了要向全民提供基本收入等理念。只不過這些理念隨著他的退選而擱淺。

楊安澤在網(wǎng)上也有大量粉絲,號(hào)稱“楊派”。在他競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)期間,他還發(fā)行了一種名叫“Math”的競(jìng)選代幣。廣大粉絲高舉“Math”字樣的橫幅標(biāo)語(yǔ),為他聲援助威。

楊安澤的民調(diào)結(jié)果很好,也有足夠的資金,讓他在大選中一直走到了2020年2月。這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了此前人們的預(yù)期,同時(shí)也讓他在政界聲名鵲起。

這次新冠疫情奪走了無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人的生命,剝奪了無(wú)數(shù)美國(guó)人的工作,讓許多企業(yè)陷入困境,最終倒閉。

不過楊安澤認(rèn)為,隨著紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸從疫情復(fù)蘇,他看到了一個(gè)千載難逢的重塑美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的機(jī)會(huì)。

楊安澤以一個(gè)局外人的姿態(tài),殺入了紐約根深蒂固的政治格局,這著實(shí)震驚了一些人。而紐約當(dāng)?shù)氐娜舜蠖急е覟?zāi)樂禍的態(tài)度,準(zhǔn)備看他的笑話。但楊安澤卻確實(shí)展現(xiàn)出了贏家的底氣。

根據(jù)其競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)的內(nèi)部民調(diào),他目前在市長(zhǎng)選舉中處于領(lǐng)跑地位,獲得了25%的首選票,而且以兩位數(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)領(lǐng)先于最有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手、布魯克林大區(qū)區(qū)長(zhǎng)埃里克·亞當(dāng)斯。外部民調(diào)也顯示,楊安澤的支持率位居第一,不過領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)較小。

不過到目前為止,可能還有半數(shù)民主黨選民尚未決定他們的首選對(duì)象。

《財(cái)富》通過電話采訪了楊安澤,談?wù)摿怂蛩闳绾乌A得選民支持、他對(duì)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來(lái)規(guī)劃,以及他為什么一定要參選紐約市長(zhǎng)。

《財(cái)富》:如果你贏了這次市長(zhǎng)選舉,你將在2022年1月就職。到那時(shí),可能紐約的大部分人都已經(jīng)接種了新冠疫苗,城市也進(jìn)入了復(fù)蘇狀態(tài)。你上任后要做的事是什么?

楊安澤:我是一個(gè)喜歡數(shù)字的人,你可以從數(shù)字中看出紐約面臨的危機(jī)有多深。這里已經(jīng)失去了3萬(wàn)條生命,他們之中有些還是我們的朋友、家人和鄰居。我們還失去了60萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位、84%的通勤工作者、6000萬(wàn)游客、70%的地鐵乘客。成千上萬(wàn)的小企業(yè)要么已經(jīng)倒閉,要么瀕臨倒閉。

所以,如果你想扭轉(zhuǎn)這種局面,首要任務(wù)就是給予企業(yè)信心,讓大家回到工作崗位。因?yàn)槿绻麊T工不在辦公室里,不僅僅會(huì)傷害企業(yè)本身,還會(huì)影響到保安、清潔工、食品運(yùn)輸車司機(jī)、零售商店和餐館等各方面,因?yàn)樗麄儗]有任何業(yè)務(wù)。

希望到明年年初我上任的時(shí)候,很多人已經(jīng)接種了疫苗,而且有更多的人回到了這座城市。但我們要面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí),情況不會(huì)一下子恢復(fù)到疫情前的水平。

很多企業(yè)已經(jīng)對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)流程做出了重大調(diào)整,比如引入了更高水平的遠(yuǎn)程工作。我跟一些CEO交談過,很多CEO跟我說,他們會(huì)把員工叫回辦公室上班,但可能不是一周五天,而是一周三天。所以我們必須盡量鼓勵(lì)大家通勤上班,因?yàn)檫@是我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱之一。

比如說,如果你每周到紐約上班五天,你可能會(huì)獲得一張50美元的禮品券,你可以用它去某個(gè)餐廳或酒吧消費(fèi),和朋友們聚一聚。商家可以拿這張禮品券到市政府進(jìn)行兌換。這些都是我們?yōu)榱宋藗兓貋?lái)上班而應(yīng)該采取的措施。

另外,紐約還失去了6000萬(wàn)游客,而旅游業(yè)支撐起了幾十萬(wàn)個(gè)工作崗位。旅游業(yè)可能還需要幾年的時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)到以前的水平,所以我們必須想方設(shè)法加快這一進(jìn)程。

比如我們可以在陣亡將士紀(jì)念日那一天和那一周實(shí)行地鐵免票政策。這樣一來(lái),很多人可能會(huì)坐地鐵探索紐約的各個(gè)地區(qū)。這可以起到鼓勵(lì)人們來(lái)紐約的作用,有些人可能已經(jīng)有幾個(gè)月沒來(lái)紐約了。

從歷史上看,紐約在鼓勵(lì)人們前來(lái)旅游方面,投入的資源相對(duì)較少,有部分原因是之前我們不需要這么做,每個(gè)人都想來(lái)這里。但是現(xiàn)在,我們必須更認(rèn)真、更持續(xù)地在這方面進(jìn)行投資。

激勵(lì)員工來(lái)上班是一個(gè)有意思的想法,但企業(yè)和CEO是怎么想的呢?如果人們不愿意來(lái)紐約,你怎樣才能讓企業(yè)留在紐約,支付高額的辦公場(chǎng)所租金呢?

我們必須證明,沒有任何地方有比紐約更好的環(huán)境來(lái)建立一家世界級(jí)的企業(yè)。而當(dāng)人們聚在一起的時(shí)候,他們的創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新能力會(huì)達(dá)到更高的水平。

有大量研究表明,當(dāng)員工們?cè)谕粋€(gè)地方工作時(shí),他們會(huì)更有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新力。

從很多方面看,這都是紐約的核心價(jià)值主張。遠(yuǎn)程辦公在某些方面確實(shí)很有好處,但它不利于文化建設(shè),不利于培養(yǎng)下一代的人才和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。雖然你可以通過Zoom完成某些工作,但你沒有辦法通過它建立一個(gè)成功的企業(yè)文化。

事實(shí)證明,在同一個(gè)地方辦公的團(tuán)隊(duì),往往具有巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這一點(diǎn)在科技、媒體或者金融等競(jìng)爭(zhēng)極其激烈的行業(yè)尤為明顯。在這些行業(yè)里,如果你比別人更具有創(chuàng)新性和創(chuàng)造力,就能獲得巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。

你對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)有何構(gòu)想?你會(huì)在紐約普及全民基本收入嗎?

我們需要盡一切所能,確保人們有安全而穩(wěn)定的生活,所以我支持定向的現(xiàn)金救濟(jì)。我支持讓更多的紐約人用上高速的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),讓更多人獲得基本的金融服務(wù)。

現(xiàn)在將近八分之一的紐約人仍然沒有銀行賬戶,這在作為世界金融之都的紐約是一個(gè)很不合理的現(xiàn)象。

我認(rèn)為,紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)重要機(jī)會(huì),是吸引下一代的企業(yè)家,將紐約打造成更高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)水平上的一個(gè)主要科技中心。我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該有“爭(zhēng)當(dāng)?shù)谝弧钡木瘛<~約的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟(jì)的多樣化水平要超過美國(guó)任何地方。

如果紐約是一個(gè)國(guó)家,它將相當(dāng)于世界第11大經(jīng)濟(jì)體??萍脊驹谶@里能找到巨大的商機(jī),特別是消費(fèi)品、媒體、金融、文化和時(shí)尚領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者大量聚集在紐約,科技公司可以利用這種“近水樓臺(tái)”的優(yōu)勢(shì)打造下一代企業(yè)。

我認(rèn)為下一批創(chuàng)新者會(huì)把科技融合到其他產(chǎn)業(yè)中,而紐約正是這方面的一個(gè)理想平臺(tái)。

你是想為廣大初創(chuàng)公司打造一個(gè)科技中心嗎?或者,你有沒有想過讓谷歌和蘋果等知名科技公司把總部搬到紐約?

有件事很讓人高興,谷歌剛剛為它的紐約辦事處投資了2億多美元。

另外,我還有一個(gè)叫艾略特·霍洛維茨的朋友,他是一個(gè)很成功的創(chuàng)業(yè)者。他在紐約市創(chuàng)辦了一家新的科技公司。他表示,在紐約創(chuàng)業(yè)有很大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),因?yàn)檫@里的優(yōu)秀人才很多,畢竟人才都對(duì)紐約感興趣。

另外,亞馬遜公司在紐約有26000個(gè)工作崗位,我們不可能讓他們離開紐約。所以我要讓紐約成為大企業(yè)、小企業(yè)、新公司和老公司都想來(lái)的地方。

你曾說過,要把紐約變成一個(gè)數(shù)字貨幣中心。那將會(huì)是什么樣子?你打算如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃?

我要再次強(qiáng)調(diào),紐約是世界金融之都。目前,數(shù)字貨幣和比特幣已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)具有上萬(wàn)億美元規(guī)模的資產(chǎn)類別。紐約的很多大公司、大銀行都在投資數(shù)字貨幣及其應(yīng)用。

我的目標(biāo)是,支持這些技術(shù)的研發(fā),找到區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的更多用途,以促進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。

作為世界金融之都,對(duì)這個(gè)上萬(wàn)億美元資產(chǎn)類別的創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行投資,是毫無(wú)疑問的。

我們談了很多關(guān)于創(chuàng)新和金融的問題。接下來(lái),你打算怎樣保護(hù)自由職業(yè)者呢?你打算做些工作來(lái)保護(hù)和提高自由職業(yè)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全水平嗎?特別是紐約的自由職業(yè)者。

我們可以做一些事情來(lái)更好地保護(hù)自由職業(yè)者,比如在需要簽訂合同的時(shí)候,適當(dāng)降低門檻,并且向自由職業(yè)者預(yù)付一定比例的報(bào)酬等等。我認(rèn)為,這樣可以把一些不懷好意的人篩選出去。

另外,我們還應(yīng)該讓自由職業(yè)者享有以往只有全職員工才能享受的一些福利待遇。首先自然是醫(yī)保,其次是各種勞動(dòng)保護(hù)。

我的目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)福利項(xiàng)目,通過一個(gè)基金來(lái)幫助向自由職業(yè)者提供福利,同時(shí)消化一部分雇傭自由職業(yè)者的成本,從而讓這個(gè)計(jì)劃更加具有可持續(xù)性。

紐約好像已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)大麻合法化的政策,這是一個(gè)潛在規(guī)模達(dá)42億美元的產(chǎn)業(yè)。如果你當(dāng)選了市長(zhǎng),你會(huì)怎樣對(duì)待這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)?

我很高興紐約州也加入了大麻合法化的行列。我也認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì),很多創(chuàng)業(yè)者都可以利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。我希望紐約市能成為這方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。

我認(rèn)為,我們首先要確保一些以往受相關(guān)執(zhí)法活動(dòng)影響的群體,能夠從大麻合法化中直接受益。這種情況可能不會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)生,所以我們可能需要提供一些幫助,以確保這些群體真正參與到這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中來(lái)。

我認(rèn)為大麻合法化可以給當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)數(shù)億美元的收入。另外,我之所以支持大麻合法化,還因?yàn)樵谥委熖弁捶矫?,它比一些已?jīng)奪走了很多美國(guó)人生命的物質(zhì)更安全。

很多前任的紐約市長(zhǎng)都競(jìng)選過美國(guó)總統(tǒng),但最后都以失敗告終。都說紐約市長(zhǎng)是一份不好干的工作,而且在政治上好像也是一份沒有前途的工作。你除了當(dāng)市長(zhǎng)以外,還有什么政治目標(biāo)嗎?

在這場(chǎng)百年不遇的危機(jī)中,作為全世界最偉大城市的市長(zhǎng),我認(rèn)為除了考慮工作本身的職責(zé),考慮其他事情都是愚蠢的。

如果我能加快紐約的復(fù)蘇,帶領(lǐng)大家共克時(shí)艱,我會(huì)說:“這是我做過的最有意義的事。”我會(huì)把這段經(jīng)歷視為我人生的高光時(shí)刻。

我認(rèn)為對(duì)于任何一個(gè)從事類似工作的人來(lái)說,這都是唯一的選擇。

我的精力都集中在讓這座城市盡快復(fù)蘇上,我希望讓企業(yè)仍然愿意在這里投資,父母仍然愿意在這里養(yǎng)育子女,人們?nèi)匀荒茉谶@里出人頭地——就像25年前的我一樣,人們可以在這里,過上在美國(guó)其他地方夢(mèng)想中的生活。

能幫助這座城市復(fù)蘇,這本身就是一件令人激動(dòng)的事情。如果這時(shí)你還在考慮別的,那你就錯(cuò)了。

你在推特上很活躍,也有很多粉絲。你是如何使用這個(gè)媒介的?

我的推特是我在總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選期間,用來(lái)激發(fā)能量、讓大家認(rèn)識(shí)我的一個(gè)工具。但是現(xiàn)在,我認(rèn)為它確實(shí)能讓大家了解我的一些工作,所以我覺得它是有用的。

但我也認(rèn)為,不管出于什么原因,有些人可能對(duì)它感興趣過頭了(笑),他們好像是要分析出我每一句話背后的潛臺(tái)詞——不管我到底有沒有那個(gè)意思。其實(shí)我們只是想把我們的愿景和信息傳達(dá)出來(lái)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

It’s difficult to understand why anyone would want to be the mayor of New York City.

The role is thankless, New Yorkers are typically unkind to their mayors (go to any Mets game and you’ll hear fans booing their own team, that’s the kind of city this is). The job is one of the hardest in all of politics, and it’s a known career crusher: Every living mayor of New York City has attempted a presidential run, and not one has succeeded.

And yet Andrew Yang, the former tech entrepreneur and executive fresh off of a presidential run, wants the title.

Yang shot to political stardom seemingly overnight by bringing ideas like Universal Basic Income to the presidential debate stage. And to the surprise of political pundits, his ideas stuck.

Fans of his banded together, largely online, as the “Yang Gang” and rallied behind simple phrases like “Math.” He polled well enough and brought in enough money to stay on the trail until February 2020, far surpassing earlier predictions and cementing his name in national politics.

Now, Yang says he sees a once-in-a-generation opportunity to reimagine New York’s economy as it begins to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic that took so many lives, jobs, and shuttered so many businesses.

His outsider approach to New York’s deeply-entrenched political order has shocked some, and New Yorkers are more than ready to jump on any faux pas, perceived or real. But he’s still winning. According to internal polls by the Yang campaign, he is currently polling in first, with 25% of first-choice votes, and a double-digit lead over his closest competitor, Eric Adams, the Borough President of Brooklyn. External polls also put Yang in first place, but with a smaller lead.

Still, half of likely Democratic voters are currently undecided about their top choice. Fortune spoke with Yang over the phone to discuss how he plans to win those voters over, his plans for the future of the New York economy, and why he wants the job.

Fortune: If you win this mayoral race, you’ll be taking office in January 2022. Hopefully most of the city is vaccinated by that point and we’re in COVID-19 recovery mode. What’s the first thing you do?

Yang: I'm a numbers guy, and you can see the depth of the crisis that New York City is facing in the numbers. We've lost 30,000 lives, including those of friends, family members and neighbors. We’ve lost 600,000 jobs, 84% of commuters, 60 million tourists, 70% of subway riders, and thousands of small businesses have either closed or on the verge of closing.

So, if you want to turn this around the first thing you have to do is give organizations and companies the confidence to get to go back to the office, because when workers are not in the office, it doesn’t just hurt the company. It impacts the security guards, and the cleaning staff, the food truck operators, the retail or the restaurants that are not seeing any business.

Hopefully by the time I take office early next year, many more people will be vaccinated and more people will be coming back to the city. But we should be realistic that it's not all just going to snap back to the way that it was pre-COVID. Many organizations have meaningfully adjusted their operations to include higher levels of remote work. When I talk to CEOs, many of them say to me that they're bringing people back to the office but it might not be five days a week, it might be three days a week. And so we're going to be in a position where we're going to have to encourage folks to commute as much as possible because that is one of the pillars of our economy. Imagine for example, if you were to commute into New York City five days a week, then you’d get a $50 gift certificate to a New York City restaurant or bar that you could use to stay a little bit later and get together with friends. Then the business can redeem that gift certificate with the city. Those are the kinds of measures that we actually should be adopting to encourage folks to come back.

We’re also missing 60 million tourists who supported hundreds of thousands of jobs. It's going to be, in all likelihood, a multi-year process to recover that level of tourism. So we have to try and speed it up, however we can. One thing that I championed was a subway fare holiday on Memorial Day and that whole week. A lot more people would be riding the subway and exploring different parts of New York City, and it would encourage folks to come into the city, who right now maybe haven't been in for a number of months. Historically, New York has invested relatively low levels of resources in encouraging people to visit, in part because we didn't have to. Everyone has wanted to come here anyway. But now we're going to have to invest more earnestly and consistently.

It’s an interesting idea to try to incentivize workers, but what about CEOs and businesses in general? How do you get them to stay in New York and invest in expensive office space if people aren’t coming in?

We need to make the case that there's no better environment to build a world class organization than New York City, and that innovation and creativity happen at higher levels when people are physically together, and this happens to be true. Numerous studies have demonstrated that workers are more innovative and creative when they're in the same place.

This, in many ways, is the central value proposition of New York City. Remote work is very good for some things, but it's not good for culture building, not good for grooming the next generation of talent and leadership. You can get work done over Zoom but you can’t build a winning culture, and the facts show that there's a massive advantage for teams that are in the same place. This is particularly true when you are in hyper competitive industries like technology or media or finance where there are massive economic returns to being more innovative and creative than others.

What are some of your big picture ideas for the economy? Would you bring universal basic income to New York?

We need to do everything we can to help keep people in secure and stable situations, so I'm for targeted cash relief. I'm for getting more New Yorkers high speed internet. I'm for getting more people access to basic financial services. Almost one in eight New Yorkers does not have a bank account, which is unconscionable in the world financial capital.

I do think one of the major areas of opportunity for New York City is to attract the next generation of entrepreneurs and compete to make New York City a major tech hub at an even higher level than it is. I think that we should be number one, and New York City's economy is larger and more diverse than any other place in the U.S. If we were a country, we would be the 11th biggest economy in the world. There are massive opportunities for technology companies in particular to take advantage of close proximity to leaders in consumer products, media, finance, culture, and fashion to build the next generation of companies. I think the next set of innovators are going to be incorporating technology into other industries, and New York City is the ideal place for that.

Would you seek to develop a tech hub for startups or are you thinking about trying to draw already established tech companies like Google and Apple to move their headquarters here?

I'm thrilled by Google just about there investing over $200 million in their New York City office. I have a friend, Eliot Horowitz, who's a very accomplished founder, he's starting a new technology company in New York City and he says that it's a massive competitive advantage in terms of getting talented people here because people are excited about New York. Letting Amazon and its 26,000 jobs walk away from New York City was not a good thing, and so I'm going to be championing New York City as a place for companies big and small, and for companies both new and mature.

You’ve mentioned that you want to turn New York City into a hub for cryptocurrency. What would that look like and how would you make that happen?

Again, New York City is the world's financial capital, and at this point cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin are a trillion dollar asset class. Many major New York firms and banks are already investing in cryptocurrencies and their applications. My goal would be to support the development of these technologies and find more uses for blockchain technologies in order to spur adoption. If you're the world's financial capital and you have a trillion dollar asset class, it's something of a no brainer to invest in innovation in that area.

We're talking a lot about innovation and finance, but what about protections for freelance workers? What would you like to see done, particularly in New York, to protect and add to the financial security of freelancers?

There are things that we can do to better protect freelance workers like having a lower threshold for when a contract is necessary and having some proportion of payment upfront, which I think really does screen out bad actors.

A lot of what we need to do is try to develop for freelancers some of the benefits that traditionally full time employees have enjoyed. That's health care obviously, that’s various worker protections. One of my goals is to initiate a portable benefits program that will help internalize the cost of hiring freelancers to a fund that will help provide benefits to freelancers, so that it's more sustainable.

New York appears to have reached a deal to legalize recreational marijuana, that’s a potential $4.2 billion industry. How would you utilize that if elected mayor?

I’m thrilled that New York State is joining the other states utilizing marijuana. I agree that it's a massive economic opportunity, where many entrepreneurs are going to take advantage of the new status of marijuana, and I want New York City to be a leader in that.

I think that one thing we'll want to do is ensure that some of the communities that have been impacted by the way marijuana laws have been enforced are in a position to benefit directly from its legalization. That may not happen on its own, so we might need to provide some help to make sure that there's a real opportunity for folks in those communities to participate in what should be a boom. I think that it could drive hundreds of millions of dollars in the local economy. I'm excited about the legalization of marijuana in part because it's frankly safer than some of the other substances that have been taking lives away in many cases for many Americans, in terms of pain management.

Many former New York City mayors have tried, and failed, in presidential runs. It’s a tough job, and kind of a dead-end job politically, too. Do you have political ambitions beyond City Hall?

If you're going to become the mayor of the greatest city in the world during a generational crisis, I think it would be sheer folly to be thinking about anything other than that job and that role. If I'm able to speed up our recovery and bring us through this time, I would look at that and say, ‘this is the greatest thing I've ever done’ and I'm going to be thrilled with this as a high point of my working life. I think that should be the only approach someone has to this kind of job and this type of role.

I'm laser-focused on getting our city up and running again as quickly as possible and see to it that, we are still a place that businesses are excited to invest in and grow within, that families are excited to raise our kids here, that individuals can show up like I did 25 years ago and still have the kind of lives that they could only have dreamt of in another part of the country. So, it's invigorating to potentially have a hand in our city’s recovery. But I will say I think if you're thinking about anything else at this point then you are doing it wrong.

You’re pretty active on Twitter and have quite a following there. What’s your approach to the medium?

My Twitter was something that I used on the presidential trail to generate energy and awareness about the campaign, but now I think it does give you a bit of a glimpse into what I'm seeing and doing and I find that useful. I do think that for whatever reason some people are a little bit too interested (laughs) and that they seem to be trying to discern subtext that may or may not be there. In our case we're just trying to get our vision out and get our message out.

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