近日,特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)布的競(jìng)選廣告中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)“紅色倒三角”標(biāo)志,這個(gè)標(biāo)志與當(dāng)初納粹集中營(yíng)里的政治犯代號(hào)如出一轍。如今,這些轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)量很大的廣告都已經(jīng)被Facebook撤下平臺(tái)。
原廣告中的文字警告稱“極左團(tuán)體里的危險(xiǎn)暴徒”正在四處亂跑,以至于“造成騷亂”。事實(shí)上,在1930年,相同的標(biāo)志曾經(jīng)被用來(lái)指代反對(duì)納粹統(tǒng)治的團(tuán)體。集中營(yíng)里的政治犯在當(dāng)時(shí)不得不被迫戴上一個(gè)鑲嵌著“倒三角”的五角星標(biāo)志。
在廣告中,特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)呼吁其支持者一起聯(lián)合起來(lái),簽署一份“反Antifa組織”的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗!癆ntifa”是“反法西斯主義”(anti-fascist)的英文縮寫,具體是指近幾年秘密集結(jié)的一群激進(jìn)分子,組織較為松散,政治信念左傾。特朗普在最近將其定義為“恐怖組織”,并試圖將美國(guó)近期發(fā)生的種族主義騷亂歸咎于他們的身上。
在Facebook上,有近90個(gè)像這樣的廣告,其瀏覽量達(dá)到了100萬(wàn)到180萬(wàn)次。
一位Facebook的發(fā)言人告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“這些廣告帖子違反了公司的‘反仇視政策’。如果要使用已被禁止的標(biāo)志,那么發(fā)布者必須寫明自己本身對(duì)于這個(gè)標(biāo)志的譴責(zé)和反思,像現(xiàn)在這樣單獨(dú)使用是不被允許的?!?
在6月18日舉辦的眾議院情報(bào)委員會(huì)聽證會(huì)上,F(xiàn)acebook的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全政策負(fù)責(zé)人納撒尼爾?格萊謝爾表示,該公司的人工智能系統(tǒng)會(huì)把特朗普競(jìng)選廣告中的此類圖片存儲(chǔ)至屏蔽清單當(dāng)中,以防它們?cè)俅纬霈F(xiàn)在平臺(tái)上。
“我們的平臺(tái)是不允許出現(xiàn)帶有仇恨組織、或者帶有仇恨性意識(shí)形態(tài)的標(biāo)志的,就算用戶想要借用這個(gè)標(biāo)志去譴責(zé)、反思一些事情,我們也會(huì)謹(jǐn)慎地去審查,何況特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)布的這些競(jìng)選廣告并不帶有反思性質(zhì),所以它們是不被允許的,我們選擇刪除它們。這就是我們的態(tài)度。”
面對(duì)質(zhì)疑,特朗普競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)回應(yīng)稱,這個(gè)標(biāo)志是從Antifa組織自己發(fā)布過(guò)的圖片里截取下來(lái)的。五天前,在一家T恤售賣網(wǎng)站上,就有自稱來(lái)自西班牙的用戶正在出售印有這個(gè)標(biāo)志的T恤衫,上面還有“Antifa”的字樣。該團(tuán)隊(duì)還表示,反詆毀聯(lián)盟(Anti-Defamation League)的“仇視性符號(hào)”數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中并沒有這個(gè)標(biāo)志。
然而,南方貧困法律中心(Southern Poverty Law Center)的高級(jí)調(diào)查記者邁克爾?愛迪生?海登告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,自己從未見過(guò)Antifa組織使用過(guò)這個(gè)標(biāo)志。“我也不知道特朗普競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)是從哪里找來(lái)的這些古怪圖片?!?
另外,《財(cái)富》雜志嘗試聯(lián)系了反詆毀聯(lián)盟的首席執(zhí)行官喬納森?格林布拉特,他在采訪中對(duì)特朗普競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示了強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)?!安还苡袥]有意識(shí)到這個(gè)標(biāo)志的歷史意義和具體內(nèi)涵,對(duì)特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)而言,選擇用一個(gè)標(biāo)志去指代并攻擊自己的政治對(duì)手是非常無(wú)禮的,也是非常惡劣的,更何況這個(gè)標(biāo)志還是納粹政權(quán)用來(lái)指代集中營(yíng)里的政治犯。”
“批判自己的政治對(duì)手并不是一件難事,大可不必用納粹時(shí)期的圖片。特朗普的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該更謹(jǐn)慎一點(diǎn),在發(fā)布圖片前,首先要保證自己了解其中的歷史背景,無(wú)知并不能被用來(lái)當(dāng)作借口?!备窳植祭卣f(shuō)道。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
Danielle Abril對(duì)此文亦有貢獻(xiàn)。
編譯:陳怡軒
近日,特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)布的競(jìng)選廣告中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)“紅色倒三角”標(biāo)志,這個(gè)標(biāo)志與當(dāng)初納粹集中營(yíng)里的政治犯代號(hào)如出一轍。如今,這些轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)量很大的廣告都已經(jīng)被Facebook撤下平臺(tái)。
原廣告中的文字警告稱“極左團(tuán)體里的危險(xiǎn)暴徒”正在四處亂跑,以至于“造成騷亂”。事實(shí)上,在1930年,相同的標(biāo)志曾經(jīng)被用來(lái)指代反對(duì)納粹統(tǒng)治的團(tuán)體。集中營(yíng)里的政治犯在當(dāng)時(shí)不得不被迫戴上一個(gè)鑲嵌著“倒三角”的五角星標(biāo)志。
在廣告中,特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)呼吁其支持者一起聯(lián)合起來(lái),簽署一份“反Antifa組織”的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?。“Antifa”是“反法西斯主義”(anti-fascist)的英文縮寫,具體是指近幾年秘密集結(jié)的一群激進(jìn)分子,組織較為松散,政治信念左傾。特朗普在最近將其定義為“恐怖組織”,并試圖將美國(guó)近期發(fā)生的種族主義騷亂歸咎于他們的身上。
“極左團(tuán)體里的那些暴徒如今正在街上四處亂跑,不斷地造成暴亂。他們正在摧毀我們的城市,這真是太可怕了?,F(xiàn)在,每個(gè)美國(guó)人應(yīng)該要做的是團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)共同簽署一封聯(lián)合信,告訴這些暴徒我們?cè)僖踩淌懿涣怂麄兗みM(jìn)的行為。在此,我們希望每個(gè)人都寫一封公開聲明,再署上自己的名字,和特朗普總統(tǒng)站在一起,反對(duì)Antifa。請(qǐng)盡快署上你的名字,加入特朗普的陣營(yíng),一起把Antifa列為恐怖組織?!?
在Facebook上,有近90個(gè)像這樣的廣告,其瀏覽量達(dá)到了100萬(wàn)到180萬(wàn)次。
一位Facebook的發(fā)言人告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“這些廣告帖子違反了公司的‘反仇視政策’。如果要使用已被禁止的標(biāo)志,那么發(fā)布者必須寫明自己本身對(duì)于這個(gè)標(biāo)志的譴責(zé)和反思,像現(xiàn)在這樣單獨(dú)使用是不被允許的?!?
在6月18日舉辦的眾議院情報(bào)委員會(huì)聽證會(huì)上,F(xiàn)acebook的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全政策負(fù)責(zé)人納撒尼爾?格萊謝爾表示,該公司的人工智能系統(tǒng)會(huì)把特朗普競(jìng)選廣告中的此類圖片存儲(chǔ)至屏蔽清單當(dāng)中,以防它們?cè)俅纬霈F(xiàn)在平臺(tái)上。
“我們的平臺(tái)是不允許出現(xiàn)帶有仇恨組織、或者帶有仇恨性意識(shí)形態(tài)的標(biāo)志的,就算用戶想要借用這個(gè)標(biāo)志去譴責(zé)、反思一些事情,我們也會(huì)謹(jǐn)慎地去審查,何況特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)布的這些競(jìng)選廣告并不帶有反思性質(zhì),所以它們是不被允許的,我們選擇刪除它們。這就是我們的態(tài)度?!?
面對(duì)質(zhì)疑,特朗普競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)回應(yīng)稱,這個(gè)標(biāo)志是從Antifa組織自己發(fā)布過(guò)的圖片里截取下來(lái)的。五天前,在一家T恤售賣網(wǎng)站上,就有自稱來(lái)自西班牙的用戶正在出售印有這個(gè)標(biāo)志的T恤衫,上面還有“Antifa”的字樣。該團(tuán)隊(duì)還表示,反詆毀聯(lián)盟(Anti-Defamation League)的“仇視性符號(hào)”數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中并沒有這個(gè)標(biāo)志。
然而,南方貧困法律中心(Southern Poverty Law Center)的高級(jí)調(diào)查記者邁克爾?愛迪生?海登告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,自己從未見過(guò)Antifa組織使用過(guò)這個(gè)標(biāo)志?!拔乙膊恢捞乩势崭?jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)是從哪里找來(lái)的這些古怪圖片?!?
另外,《財(cái)富》雜志嘗試聯(lián)系了反詆毀聯(lián)盟的首席執(zhí)行官喬納森?格林布拉特,他在采訪中對(duì)特朗普競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)表示了強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)?!安还苡袥]有意識(shí)到這個(gè)標(biāo)志的歷史意義和具體內(nèi)涵,對(duì)特朗普?qǐng)F(tuán)隊(duì)而言,選擇用一個(gè)標(biāo)志去指代并攻擊自己的政治對(duì)手是非常無(wú)禮的,也是非常惡劣的,更何況這個(gè)標(biāo)志還是納粹政權(quán)用來(lái)指代集中營(yíng)里的政治犯?!?
“批判自己的政治對(duì)手并不是一件難事,大可不必用納粹時(shí)期的圖片。特朗普的競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該更謹(jǐn)慎一點(diǎn),在發(fā)布圖片前,首先要保證自己了解其中的歷史背景,無(wú)知并不能被用來(lái)當(dāng)作借口?!备窳植祭卣f(shuō)道。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
Danielle Abril對(duì)此文亦有貢獻(xiàn)。
編譯:陳怡軒
Facebook has removed advertisements created and widely shared by President Donald Trump’s reelection campaign that displayed Nazi markings meant to designate political dissidents in concentration camps.
The ads included a red inverted triangle paired with text warning of “dangerous mobs of far-left groups” running around “causing mayhem.” In the 1930s, the same badge was used to identify communists, liberals, social democrats, and others who did not agree with the politics of the Nazi party. Jewish political dissenters were forced to wear the inverted triangle over a yellow star.
The ads displayed by Trump's reelection campaign asked supporters to sign a petition against antifa, a term to describe groups of relatively unorganized anti-fascist activists, which the President has recently called a terrorist organization and has worked to tie to protests against police brutality and systemic racism around the country. There is little evidence of the connection.
Nearly 90 ads with the image were viewed on Facebook between 1 million and 1.8 million times.
A Facebook spokesperson told Fortune that the company “removed these posts and ads for violating our policy against organized hate. Our policy prohibits using a banned hate group's symbol to identify political prisoners without the context that condemns or discusses the symbol.”
In a House intelligence committee hearing on June 18, Nathaniel Gleicher, head of Facebook's cybersecurity policy, explained that his company’s artificial intelligence would bank the images shared by the Trump campaign and prevent them from resurging on the platform. “We don’t allow symbols that represent hateful organizations or hateful ideologies,” he said. “You obviously want to be careful to allow someone to put up a symbol to condemn it or to discuss it. But in a situation where we don’t see either of those we don’t allow it on the platform and we remove it. That’s what we saw in this case with this ad.”
The Trump campaign, meanwhile, claimed that the symbol had been taken from images posted by antifa. The campaign linked to items being sold by a user on spreadshirt.com with the inverted triangle and the word “antifa” over it. The items were posted just five days ago by a user who says they are from Spain. The Trump campaign added that the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) did not have the image in its hate symbols database.
“I have never seen it used by antifa, and it simply does not seem plausible to me that Trump’s team has either, based on the weird image that they shared,” Michael Edison Hayden, senior investigative reporter for the Southern Poverty Law Center, told Fortune.
In a statement to Fortune, ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt condemned the use of the image by the Trump campaign. “Whether aware of the history or meaning, for the Trump campaign to use a symbol—one which is practically identical to that used by the Nazi regime to classify political prisoners in concentration camps—to attack his opponents is offensive and deeply troubling,” he said. “It is not difficult for one to criticize their political opponent without using Nazi-era imagery. We implore the Trump campaign to take greater caution and familiarize themselves with the historical context before doing so. Ignorance is not an excuse for appropriating hateful symbols.”
Danielle Abril contributed additional reporting to this story.