雖然全球都在集中精力與新冠疫情作斗爭,但美國一直以來存在的阿片類藥物危機并未消失,而且可能正在惡化。
由美國政府資助的國家級監(jiān)督工具“藥物過量數(shù)據(jù)繪圖應用計劃”的早期數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在疫情期間用藥過量的情況正在增加,美國各地的醫(yī)療和執(zhí)法部門都報告了用藥過量和死亡人數(shù)激增的情況。
由于空前嚴重的失業(yè)危機、毒品和酒精使用量增加、國家封鎖和居家隔離令的實施,導致人們陷入孤立的狀態(tài)。公共衛(wèi)生官員擔心,疫情可能引發(fā)成癮人數(shù)大幅度攀升。美國國家公共衛(wèi)生組織Well Being Trust的一項研究估計,新冠疫情可能導致75,000名美國人死于藥物或酒精濫用,或因為疫情而自殺。
阿片類藥物成癮對企業(yè)來說雖然是一個財務問題,但人們遭受的苦難代價卻更大,更加令人不安。即使在“正常”時期,也有太多的人因為藥物成癮而獨自掙扎,他們害怕被別人評頭論足而放棄尋求幫助。根據(jù)美聯(lián)社與NORC公共事務研究中心進行的一項調(diào)查顯示,只有不到五分之一的美國人愿意與對處方藥物成癮的人做朋友、同事或鄰居。
在與我們的非營利合作伙伴Shatterproof以及因為過量用藥而失去親人的同事進行的互動中,我了解到,應對這一國家危機最有效的方法之一就是接納與成癮有關的污名。
在討論成癮時使用的語言通常包括會招致污名和羞辱的詞,例如“吸毒”、“癮君子”及“干凈和骯臟的”血液檢查。
作為首席執(zhí)行官,我已經(jīng)知道如何通過在全公司范圍內(nèi)領導對話來改變員工對成癮的看法。我鼓勵所有的公司領導者推動公司內(nèi)部的文化變革,并改變我們思考和談論成癮的方式,以便為那些可能能夠及時尋求幫助的人移除污名障礙。
首先,領導者需要進行自我教育,然后再就這個曾經(jīng)被視為禁忌的話題進行全公司范圍的對話。他們可以通過聽取當?shù)匦l(wèi)生專家意見和閱讀教育網(wǎng)站來學習。此外,他們必須確保公司中的每位員工都能夠使用這些資源。
例如,在我們公司的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上,有關阿片類藥物危機的每篇文章都包含我們的合作伙伴Shatterproof提供的教育網(wǎng)站的鏈接。公司可以通過多種方式向員工提供成癮相關資源,包括在發(fā)給所有員工的電子郵件中添加聯(lián)邦機構網(wǎng)站(例如美國疾病控制和預防中心)的鏈接。
領導者可以采取多種方式在全公司范圍內(nèi)開展有關成癮的討論,例如全員會議。對我來說,這是對公司、社區(qū)和公民采取行動的公開呼吁,呼吁大家共同努力,在2018年結束阿片類藥物危機。我概述了阿片類藥物危機給企業(yè)以及需要成癮教育和支持(例如員工援助計劃)的雇員帶來的沉重打擊。我的行動號召發(fā)布在外部雜志網(wǎng)站以及我們的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上。
因為我曾經(jīng)公開且客觀地談論過阿片類藥物的危機和成癮問題,所以哈特福德(The Hartford)的員工在談論這些話題時能夠感到更加自在。
我們的員工做出了回應,分享了他們幫助濫用藥物的家人,由于過量用藥失去至親以及自愿參加社區(qū)組織(如戒癮慢跑活動Shatterproof Rise Up Against Addiction 5K)的經(jīng)歷。他們在我們的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上撰寫博客,發(fā)布社交媒體帖子。內(nèi)網(wǎng)就像一個社交媒體平臺,讓他們可以快速創(chuàng)建和共享內(nèi)容,并與全公司分享他們的想法。一位員工向我們講述了其兒子與阿片類藥物濫用所做的斗爭。另一名員工講述了她25歲的女兒因為用藥過量而離世的故事。其他員工則回顧了其由于阿片類藥物流行而失去家人、朋友或鄰居的經(jīng)歷。
在內(nèi)網(wǎng)帖子中,曾經(jīng)在新澤西州東溫莎辦事處擔任高級法律助理的艾莉·多尼講述了其哥哥因為打曲棍球負傷后與阿片類藥物成癮進行斗爭,最終死于用藥過量的往事。她消除了對于阿片類藥物和成癮的誤解:“這種藥物的流行對每個人都一視同仁,其與年齡、民族、種族、宗教信仰、銀行存款以及你在何處長大均無關?!?/font>
為了以高度可見的方式繼續(xù)對話,我通過直接評論員工的帖子讓員工參與進來。這樣做很重要,因為它能夠表明我們公司的領導層對員工的支持。在一次小型的面對面會議中,我會見了艾莉和其他員工,他們都有至親因為用藥過量而離世,我請他們講講自己的故事,并談一談公司如何才可以更好地給予其支持。
企業(yè)領導者還有責任確保管理人員有權獲得有關公司福利和醫(yī)療資源的信息。他們能夠讓其人力資源和溝通團隊對管理人員進行教育,以便發(fā)現(xiàn)藥物濫用的跡象,并使員工獲得支持和治療。他們還可以讓其人力資源團隊與福利提供機構(如勞工賠償和傷殘保險公司)討論預防成癮的策略。此外,人力資源能夠與醫(yī)療保健和處方提供者就改善包括遠程醫(yī)療和數(shù)字化醫(yī)療在內(nèi)的治療機會進行交流。
最后,作為企業(yè)領導者,我們必須為解決成癮危機的有效公共政策解決方案發(fā)聲。去年,我與州和聯(lián)邦立法機構就應對阿片類藥物泛濫的公共政策進行了討論。討論的問題主要包括:阿片類藥物處方的持續(xù)使用時間和劑量限制、醫(yī)師和處方提供者接受有關處方阿片類藥物適當使用的強制性教育,以及各州的處方藥監(jiān)控計劃。該計劃包含州內(nèi)處方藥的電子數(shù)據(jù)庫,能夠幫助識別濫用藥物,并加以制止或預防;以及采用限制性藥物配方(即為特定的醫(yī)療情況指定處方的列表)。
在疫情之前,由于全國范圍內(nèi)多方利益相關者的回應,應對藥物成癮危機已經(jīng)取得了進步?,F(xiàn)在,面對新冠疫情,充足的資金仍然至關重要。令我受到鼓舞的是,在最近通過的《冠狀病毒援助、救濟和經(jīng)濟安全法案》以及其他立法提案(例如《健康和經(jīng)濟復蘇綜合緊急解決方案法案》中,聯(lián)邦立法者將優(yōu)先納入與物質使用障礙以及心理健康資助有關的內(nèi)容。
然而在個人層面上,我們還有更多工作要做。
讓我們所有人致力于從用詞中刪除污名化的詞語。無論我們在哪里居住或工作,都可以做到。
我們可以說“物質使用障礙”而不是“藥物濫用”;我們可以說“患有物質使用障礙的人”,而不是“癮君子”;我們可以說“痊愈后的人”,而不是“改造后的癮君子”。
最重要的是,我們可以培養(yǎng)同理心和希望,而不是污名化。只要一起努力,我們就能共同克服疫情加劇的藥物濫用危機。(財富中文網(wǎng))
克里斯托弗·J·斯威夫特是美國哈特福德金融服務公司的董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官。
譯者:Biz
雖然全球都在集中精力與新冠疫情作斗爭,但美國一直以來存在的阿片類藥物危機并未消失,而且可能正在惡化。
由美國政府資助的國家級監(jiān)督工具“藥物過量數(shù)據(jù)繪圖應用計劃”的早期數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在疫情期間用藥過量的情況正在增加,美國各地的醫(yī)療和執(zhí)法部門都報告了用藥過量和死亡人數(shù)激增的情況。
由于空前嚴重的失業(yè)危機、毒品和酒精使用量增加、國家封鎖和居家隔離令的實施,導致人們陷入孤立的狀態(tài)。公共衛(wèi)生官員擔心,疫情可能引發(fā)成癮人數(shù)大幅度攀升。美國國家公共衛(wèi)生組織Well Being Trust的一項研究估計,新冠疫情可能導致75,000名美國人死于藥物或酒精濫用,或因為疫情而自殺。
阿片類藥物成癮對企業(yè)來說雖然是一個財務問題,但人們遭受的苦難代價卻更大,更加令人不安。即使在“正?!睍r期,也有太多的人因為藥物成癮而獨自掙扎,他們害怕被別人評頭論足而放棄尋求幫助。根據(jù)美聯(lián)社與NORC公共事務研究中心進行的一項調(diào)查顯示,只有不到五分之一的美國人愿意與對處方藥物成癮的人做朋友、同事或鄰居。
在與我們的非營利合作伙伴Shatterproof以及因為過量用藥而失去親人的同事進行的互動中,我了解到,應對這一國家危機最有效的方法之一就是接納與成癮有關的污名。
在討論成癮時使用的語言通常包括會招致污名和羞辱的詞,例如“吸毒”、“癮君子”及“干凈和骯臟的”血液檢查。
作為首席執(zhí)行官,我已經(jīng)知道如何通過在全公司范圍內(nèi)領導對話來改變員工對成癮的看法。我鼓勵所有的公司領導者推動公司內(nèi)部的文化變革,并改變我們思考和談論成癮的方式,以便為那些可能能夠及時尋求幫助的人移除污名障礙。
首先,領導者需要進行自我教育,然后再就這個曾經(jīng)被視為禁忌的話題進行全公司范圍的對話。他們可以通過聽取當?shù)匦l(wèi)生專家意見和閱讀教育網(wǎng)站來學習。此外,他們必須確保公司中的每位員工都能夠使用這些資源。
例如,在我們公司的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上,有關阿片類藥物危機的每篇文章都包含我們的合作伙伴Shatterproof提供的教育網(wǎng)站的鏈接。公司可以通過多種方式向員工提供成癮相關資源,包括在發(fā)給所有員工的電子郵件中添加聯(lián)邦機構網(wǎng)站(例如美國疾病控制和預防中心)的鏈接。
領導者可以采取多種方式在全公司范圍內(nèi)開展有關成癮的討論,例如全員會議。對我來說,這是對公司、社區(qū)和公民采取行動的公開呼吁,呼吁大家共同努力,在2018年結束阿片類藥物危機。我概述了阿片類藥物危機給企業(yè)以及需要成癮教育和支持(例如員工援助計劃)的雇員帶來的沉重打擊。我的行動號召發(fā)布在外部雜志網(wǎng)站以及我們的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上。
因為我曾經(jīng)公開且客觀地談論過阿片類藥物的危機和成癮問題,所以哈特福德(The Hartford)的員工在談論這些話題時能夠感到更加自在。
我們的員工做出了回應,分享了他們幫助濫用藥物的家人,由于過量用藥失去至親以及自愿參加社區(qū)組織(如戒癮慢跑活動Shatterproof Rise Up Against Addiction 5K)的經(jīng)歷。他們在我們的內(nèi)網(wǎng)上撰寫博客,發(fā)布社交媒體帖子。內(nèi)網(wǎng)就像一個社交媒體平臺,讓他們可以快速創(chuàng)建和共享內(nèi)容,并與全公司分享他們的想法。一位員工向我們講述了其兒子與阿片類藥物濫用所做的斗爭。另一名員工講述了她25歲的女兒因為用藥過量而離世的故事。其他員工則回顧了其由于阿片類藥物流行而失去家人、朋友或鄰居的經(jīng)歷。
在內(nèi)網(wǎng)帖子中,曾經(jīng)在新澤西州東溫莎辦事處擔任高級法律助理的艾莉·多尼講述了其哥哥因為打曲棍球負傷后與阿片類藥物成癮進行斗爭,最終死于用藥過量的往事。她消除了對于阿片類藥物和成癮的誤解:“這種藥物的流行對每個人都一視同仁,其與年齡、民族、種族、宗教信仰、銀行存款以及你在何處長大均無關?!?/font>
為了以高度可見的方式繼續(xù)對話,我通過直接評論員工的帖子讓員工參與進來。這樣做很重要,因為它能夠表明我們公司的領導層對員工的支持。在一次小型的面對面會議中,我會見了艾莉和其他員工,他們都有至親因為用藥過量而離世,我請他們講講自己的故事,并談一談公司如何才可以更好地給予其支持。
企業(yè)領導者還有責任確保管理人員有權獲得有關公司福利和醫(yī)療資源的信息。他們能夠讓其人力資源和溝通團隊對管理人員進行教育,以便發(fā)現(xiàn)藥物濫用的跡象,并使員工獲得支持和治療。他們還可以讓其人力資源團隊與福利提供機構(如勞工賠償和傷殘保險公司)討論預防成癮的策略。此外,人力資源能夠與醫(yī)療保健和處方提供者就改善包括遠程醫(yī)療和數(shù)字化醫(yī)療在內(nèi)的治療機會進行交流。
最后,作為企業(yè)領導者,我們必須為解決成癮危機的有效公共政策解決方案發(fā)聲。去年,我與州和聯(lián)邦立法機構就應對阿片類藥物泛濫的公共政策進行了討論。討論的問題主要包括:阿片類藥物處方的持續(xù)使用時間和劑量限制、醫(yī)師和處方提供者接受有關處方阿片類藥物適當使用的強制性教育,以及各州的處方藥監(jiān)控計劃。該計劃包含州內(nèi)處方藥的電子數(shù)據(jù)庫,能夠幫助識別濫用藥物,并加以制止或預防;以及采用限制性藥物配方(即為特定的醫(yī)療情況指定處方的列表)。
在疫情之前,由于全國范圍內(nèi)多方利益相關者的回應,應對藥物成癮危機已經(jīng)取得了進步?,F(xiàn)在,面對新冠疫情,充足的資金仍然至關重要。令我受到鼓舞的是,在最近通過的《冠狀病毒援助、救濟和經(jīng)濟安全法案》以及其他立法提案(例如《健康和經(jīng)濟復蘇綜合緊急解決方案法案》中,聯(lián)邦立法者將優(yōu)先納入與物質使用障礙以及心理健康資助有關的內(nèi)容。
然而在個人層面上,我們還有更多工作要做。
讓我們所有人致力于從用詞中刪除污名化的詞語。無論我們在哪里居住或工作,都可以做到。
我們可以說“物質使用障礙”而不是“藥物濫用”;我們可以說“患有物質使用障礙的人”,而不是“癮君子”;我們可以說“痊愈后的人”,而不是“改造后的癮君子”。
最重要的是,我們可以培養(yǎng)同理心和希望,而不是污名化。只要一起努力,我們就能共同克服疫情加劇的藥物濫用危機。(財富中文網(wǎng))
克里斯托弗·J·斯威夫特是美國哈特福德金融服務公司的董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官。
譯者:Biz
While the entire globe has been focused on battling COVID-19, our nation’s ongoing opioid crisis has not disappeared. In fact, it may be worsening.
Early data from the Overdose Detection Mapping Application Program, a federally funded national surveillance tool, shows that drug overdoses are increasing during the pandemic, and local medical and law enforcement authorities across the U.S. are reporting spikes in overdose calls and deaths.
Public health officials fear the pandemic could spark a wave of new addictions due to increased drug and alcohol use linked to historic unemployment, as well as isolation fostered by state shutdowns and stay-at-home orders. One study by Well Being Trust estimated the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to 75,000 Americans dying from drug or alcohol misuse or suicide.
Opioid addictions are a financial problem for businesses, of course, but the toll in human suffering is far greater and more disturbing. Even in “normal” times, too many people who privately struggle with addiction do not reach out for help for fear of being judged. Fewer than one in five Americans are willing to be a friend, colleague, or neighbor of someone who is addicted to prescription drugs, according to a survey conducted by the Associated Press–NORC Center for Public Affairs Research.
I have learned from interactions with our nonprofit partner Shatterproof—and with colleagues who have lost loved ones to a drug overdose—that one of the most impactful ways to fight this national crisis is to take on the stigma associated with addiction.
Often, the language used when discussing addiction includes words that contribute to the stigma and shame, such as “drug abuse,” “addict,” and “clean and dirty” blood tests.
I personally have seen, as CEO, how I can change the perception of addiction by leading a companywide dialogue. I encourage all business leaders to drive cultural change within their companies and change the way we think and talk about addiction so that we can remove the hurdle of stigma for those who might otherwise seek timely help.
First, leaders need to educate themselves before leading a companywide dialogue on this once-taboo topic. They can learn by listening to local health experts and reading educational websites. Then they must ensure everyone in the company has access to these resources.
For example, on our company’s intranet, every article about the opioid crisis includes a link to an educational website offered through our Shatterproof partnership. Companies can provide addiction resources to employees in a number of ways, including links to the websites of federal agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, within emails delivered to all employees.
Leaders can kick off a companywide conversation about addiction in many ways, such as an all-hands meeting. For me, it was a public call to action to companies, communities, and citizens to work together to end the opioid crisis in 2018. I outlined how the opioid crisis was taking a heavy toll on employers and employees who need addiction education and support such as employee assistance programs. My call to action was published externally on a magazine’s website, as well as on our intranet.
Because I have talked openly and nonjudgmentally about the opioid crisis and addiction, employees at The Hartford have felt more comfortable talking about these topics as well.
Our employees have responded by sharing their accounts of helping family members with substance misuse, losing loved ones to overdose, and volunteering at community organizations, such as Shatterproof Rise Up Against Addiction 5Ks. They have written blogs and social media posts on our intranet, which is like a social media platform allowing them to quickly create and share, and shared their thoughts with the entire company. One employee discussed her son’s struggle with opioid misuse. Another employee told the story of her 25-year-old daughter who died of a drug overdose. Others have reflected on losing a family member, friend, or neighbor as a result of the opioid epidemic.
In an intranet post, Allie Doney, who works as a senior legal assistant in our East Windsor, N.J., office, described her brother’s battle with opioid addiction after sustaining hockey injuries, which eventually led to him dying of a drug overdose. She tackled misconceptions about opioids and addiction: “This epidemic does not discriminate. It doesn't matter your age, your ethnicity, race, religion, how much money you have in the bank, where you grew up—nothing.”
To continue the dialogue in a highly visible way, I engaged employees by commenting directly on their posts. Doing so was important to show that our company’s leadership stood behind them. In a small face-to-face meeting, I met with Allie and other employees whose loved ones died of drug overdose, asking to hear their stories and how our company could better support them.
Business leaders also have the responsibility to ensure that managers are empowered with information about the company’s benefits and health resources. They can direct their human resources and communications teams to educate managers so they can spot the signs of substance misuse and connect employees to support and treatment. They also can instruct their HR teams to talk with benefit providers, such as workers’ compensation and disability insurers, about addiction prevention strategies. Also, HR can speak with health care and prescription providers about improving access to treatment, including telemedicine and digital options.
Finally, as business leaders, we must use our voices to champion effective public policy solutions that address the addiction crisis. Over the last year, I connected with state and federal lawmakers regarding public policies dealing with the opioid epidemic. These discussions have focused on opioid prescription duration and dosage restrictions; mandatory physician and provider education about appropriate prescription opioid use; states’ prescription drug monitoring programs, which are electronic databases of prescriptions within the state that can help identify and deter or prevent drug misuse; and the adoption of restrictive drug formularies, which are lists that designate specific prescriptions for medical conditions.
Prior to the pandemic, we saw progress resulting from our nationwide, multi-stakeholder response. Now, in the face of COVID-19, adequate funding remains critical. I am encouraged to see federal lawmakers prioritizing the inclusion of substance use disorder and mental health funding in the recently passed Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and other legislative proposals, such as the Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions (HEROES) Act.
There’s more to be done at the individual level as well.
Let us all commit to removing stigmatizing language from our vocabulary. It’s something that can be done no matter where we live or work.
Instead of “drug abuse,” we can say “substance use disorder.” Instead of “junkie,” we can say “person with a substance use disorder.” Instead of “reformed addict,” we can say “person in recovery.”
Most important, we can foster empathy and hope instead of stigma—and together, we can overcome the crisis that the pandemic has compounded.
Christopher J. Swift is chairman and CEO of The Hartford.