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加州通過22號提案,“零工”公司斬獲重大勝利

Danielle Abril
2020-11-05

優(yōu)步、Lyft和DoorDash這樣的零工公司就可以繼續(xù)將各自的工人歸類為獨(dú)立承包商。

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加州選民已經(jīng)鄭重表態(tài):只要提供一些額外的福利,像優(yōu)步、Lyft和DoorDash這樣的零工公司就可以繼續(xù)將各自的工人歸類為獨(dú)立承包商。

截至美國東部時(shí)間11月4日下午2點(diǎn)40分,630萬張已計(jì)選票中有58%支持該舉措。這項(xiàng)名為“22號提案”的投票倡議由此獲得通過,從而使得上述公司免受加州最近頒布的一項(xiàng)法律的約束。該法律要求這些公司將其工人歸類為雇員。相反,22號提案將為零工工人提供最低時(shí)薪保障,為至少工作15個(gè)小時(shí)的工人提供新的健康福利,為工傷和疾病提供醫(yī)療和傷殘保險(xiǎn)。對于許多零工工人來說,這些福利都是前所未聞的,但仍然低于他們被視為雇員后應(yīng)該享受的待遇。

“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)公司會在今晚松一口氣?!必?cái)富管理公司D.A. Davidson的分析師湯姆?懷特表示,“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)公司意識到,在對工人身份認(rèn)定方面需要有更多的中間地帶,所以他們會再接再厲?!?/p>

“22號提案”由受益于零工工人的公司資助和開發(fā),旨在取代《第5號議會法案》(AB 5)。1月簽署成為法律并生效后,這項(xiàng)法案使得一些公司更加難以將工人歸類為獨(dú)立承包商,并且面臨著將他們視為雇員的巨大壓力。這項(xiàng)決議為那些商業(yè)模式最近受到該法案威脅的零工公司規(guī)劃了一條成本較低的路線。

投票結(jié)果公布后,優(yōu)步在一封發(fā)送給網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)的電子郵件中表示,鑒于這項(xiàng)提案已經(jīng)通過,“未來的獨(dú)立工作將更有保障。”獲得零工公司鼎力支持的“支持22號提案運(yùn)動(dòng)”(Yes on 22)也對這場勝利稱贊有加。

“22號提案之所以成功通過,是因?yàn)樗砹巳莩汕先f網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)的最佳利益和偏好?!痹摻M織發(fā)表聲明稱,“今晚的勝利清楚地表明,這種解決方案得到了大多數(shù)司機(jī)、客戶和選民的青睞。這樣一種模式有助于保持網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)和外賣送餐員需要和想要的靈活性。 ”

但批評人士認(rèn)為,該提案對司機(jī)和送餐員的幫助還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,其中包括一個(gè)名為“零工崛起”(Gig Workers Rising),致力于倡導(dǎo)工人權(quán)益的司機(jī)團(tuán)體。該組織此前稱22提案是“企業(yè)奪權(quán)”,使工人無法享受醫(yī)保、公平工資和工傷補(bǔ)償?shù)却觥?/p>

“22號提案堪稱美國歷史上代價(jià)最高昂的投票提案。它的勝利是美國民主的失敗,很可能會為企業(yè)自己制定法律的其他嘗試打開方便之門?!绷愎め绕鸾M織發(fā)表聲明稱,“這些企業(yè)花費(fèi)數(shù)億美元來制定他們自己的勞動(dòng)法,即使我們的民選官員和公共機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)無數(shù)次地拒絕了這些法律。對于我們的政府體系和廣大勞動(dòng)人民來說,這是一次重大挫敗?!?/p>

D.A. Davidson公司的懷特指出,盡管這項(xiàng)決議為企業(yè)帶來了一絲慰藉,但它仍有可能推高消費(fèi)者的乘車成本。他說,為了支付其加州工人的新福利,這些零工公司很可能不得不將部分成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給客戶。然而,它也可能為其他考慮對零工公司實(shí)施類似新法律的州提供一個(gè)路線圖。如此一來,在司機(jī)獲得更多福利的州,乘客預(yù)計(jì)將支付更高的出行費(fèi)用。

“隨著時(shí)間的推移,我認(rèn)為在對待零工經(jīng)濟(jì)工人方面,將出現(xiàn)更多的中間地帶?!睉烟卣f,“這些工人的身份認(rèn)定,將介于《第5號議會法案》和我們過去認(rèn)為的獨(dú)立承包商之間?!?/p>

加州選民投票通過22號提案,幫助優(yōu)步和Lyft擺脫了他們在加州法院面臨的棘手局面。今年8月,在《第5號議會法案》正式實(shí)施,而優(yōu)步和Lyft仍然沒有將其司機(jī)重新歸類為雇員之后,一位加州高等法院法官批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)初步禁令。上個(gè)月,兩家公司的上訴失敗,并被給予約60天的時(shí)間要求加州最高法院進(jìn)行復(fù)審。

兩家公司此前聲稱,如果22號提案沒有通過,他們將不得不削減“數(shù)千個(gè)”工作崗位,并永久關(guān)閉許多地區(qū)的服務(wù),以避免把工人視為領(lǐng)薪員工所帶來的高昂成本。但批評人士表示,長期以來,這些零工公司對工人的補(bǔ)償極其不公,而22號提案只會允許這種情況繼續(xù)下去。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:任文科

加州選民已經(jīng)鄭重表態(tài):只要提供一些額外的福利,像優(yōu)步、Lyft和DoorDash這樣的零工公司就可以繼續(xù)將各自的工人歸類為獨(dú)立承包商。

截至美國東部時(shí)間11月4日下午2點(diǎn)40分,630萬張已計(jì)選票中有58%支持該舉措。這項(xiàng)名為“22號提案”的投票倡議由此獲得通過,從而使得上述公司免受加州最近頒布的一項(xiàng)法律的約束。該法律要求這些公司將其工人歸類為雇員。相反,22號提案將為零工工人提供最低時(shí)薪保障,為至少工作15個(gè)小時(shí)的工人提供新的健康福利,為工傷和疾病提供醫(yī)療和傷殘保險(xiǎn)。對于許多零工工人來說,這些福利都是前所未聞的,但仍然低于他們被視為雇員后應(yīng)該享受的待遇。

“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)公司會在今晚松一口氣?!必?cái)富管理公司D.A. Davidson的分析師湯姆?懷特表示,“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)公司意識到,在對工人身份認(rèn)定方面需要有更多的中間地帶,所以他們會再接再厲?!?/p>

“22號提案”由受益于零工工人的公司資助和開發(fā),旨在取代《第5號議會法案》(AB 5)。1月簽署成為法律并生效后,這項(xiàng)法案使得一些公司更加難以將工人歸類為獨(dú)立承包商,并且面臨著將他們視為雇員的巨大壓力。這項(xiàng)決議為那些商業(yè)模式最近受到該法案威脅的零工公司規(guī)劃了一條成本較低的路線。

投票結(jié)果公布后,優(yōu)步在一封發(fā)送給網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)的電子郵件中表示,鑒于這項(xiàng)提案已經(jīng)通過,“未來的獨(dú)立工作將更有保障?!鲍@得零工公司鼎力支持的“支持22號提案運(yùn)動(dòng)”(Yes on 22)也對這場勝利稱贊有加。

“22號提案之所以成功通過,是因?yàn)樗砹巳莩汕先f網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)的最佳利益和偏好。”該組織發(fā)表聲明稱,“今晚的勝利清楚地表明,這種解決方案得到了大多數(shù)司機(jī)、客戶和選民的青睞。這樣一種模式有助于保持網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)和外賣送餐員需要和想要的靈活性。 ”

但批評人士認(rèn)為,該提案對司機(jī)和送餐員的幫助還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,其中包括一個(gè)名為“零工崛起”(Gig Workers Rising),致力于倡導(dǎo)工人權(quán)益的司機(jī)團(tuán)體。該組織此前稱22提案是“企業(yè)奪權(quán)”,使工人無法享受醫(yī)保、公平工資和工傷補(bǔ)償?shù)却觥?/p>

“22號提案堪稱美國歷史上代價(jià)最高昂的投票提案。它的勝利是美國民主的失敗,很可能會為企業(yè)自己制定法律的其他嘗試打開方便之門?!绷愎め绕鸾M織發(fā)表聲明稱,“這些企業(yè)花費(fèi)數(shù)億美元來制定他們自己的勞動(dòng)法,即使我們的民選官員和公共機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)無數(shù)次地拒絕了這些法律。對于我們的政府體系和廣大勞動(dòng)人民來說,這是一次重大挫敗?!?/p>

D.A. Davidson公司的懷特指出,盡管這項(xiàng)決議為企業(yè)帶來了一絲慰藉,但它仍有可能推高消費(fèi)者的乘車成本。他說,為了支付其加州工人的新福利,這些零工公司很可能不得不將部分成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁給客戶。然而,它也可能為其他考慮對零工公司實(shí)施類似新法律的州提供一個(gè)路線圖。如此一來,在司機(jī)獲得更多福利的州,乘客預(yù)計(jì)將支付更高的出行費(fèi)用。

“隨著時(shí)間的推移,我認(rèn)為在對待零工經(jīng)濟(jì)工人方面,將出現(xiàn)更多的中間地帶。”懷特說,“這些工人的身份認(rèn)定,將介于《第5號議會法案》和我們過去認(rèn)為的獨(dú)立承包商之間。”

加州選民投票通過22號提案,幫助優(yōu)步和Lyft擺脫了他們在加州法院面臨的棘手局面。今年8月,在《第5號議會法案》正式實(shí)施,而優(yōu)步和Lyft仍然沒有將其司機(jī)重新歸類為雇員之后,一位加州高等法院法官批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)初步禁令。上個(gè)月,兩家公司的上訴失敗,并被給予約60天的時(shí)間要求加州最高法院進(jìn)行復(fù)審。

兩家公司此前聲稱,如果22號提案沒有通過,他們將不得不削減“數(shù)千個(gè)”工作崗位,并永久關(guān)閉許多地區(qū)的服務(wù),以避免把工人視為領(lǐng)薪員工所帶來的高昂成本。但批評人士表示,長期以來,這些零工公司對工人的補(bǔ)償極其不公,而22號提案只會允許這種情況繼續(xù)下去。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:任文科

California voters have spoken: Gig companies like Uber, Lyft, and DoorDash will be allowed to continue classifying their workers as independent contractors by providing them with a few additional benefits.

The ballot initiative called Prop 22 passed, with 58% of the 6.3 million votes counted by 2:40 p.m. ET supporting the measure. The initiative exempts these companies from a recent state law that would require the companies classify their workers as employees. Instead, Prop 22 will guarantee gig workers a minimum hourly wage, new health benefits for workers who log a minimum of 15 hours, and medical and disability coverage for injuries and illnesses on the job—benefits that will be new to many gig workers but still short of what they would receive as employees.

“The gig economy companies will be breathing a sigh of relief tonight,” said Tom White, analyst at D.A. Davidson. "The gig economy companies realize there needs to be more of a middle ground, so they’ll be stepping up."

Prop 22, which was funded and developed by the companies that benefit from gig workers, was posed as an alternative to Assembly Bill 5, a bill that was signed into law and took effect in January, making it harder for some companies to classify their workers as independent contractors versus employees. The decision maps a less costly course for gig companies, whose business models were recently threatened by AB 5.

Following the results, Uber sent an email to its drivers suggesting that "the future of independent work is more secure" now that the measure has passed. The Yes on 22 campaign, supported by the gig companies, also lauded the win.

“Prop 22 was successful because it represented the best interests and preferences of hundreds of thousands of app-based drivers across the state," reads a statement from the campaign. "Tonight’s victory clearly indicates this solution was preferred by a majority of drivers, customers, and voters, and a model for preserving the flexibility app-based rideshare and delivery drivers need and want."

But critics, including a group of drivers advocating for workers’ rights called Gig Workers Rising, argue that the proposition doesn’t do enough for drivers and delivery people. The group previously called Prop 22 a "corporate power grab" keeping workers from healthcare, fair wages, and workers compensation.

"The victory of Prop 22, the most expensive ballot measure in U.S. history, is a loss for our democracy that could open the door to other attempts by corporations to write their own laws," a statement from Gig Workers Rising reads. "When corporations spend hundreds of millions of dollars to write their own labor laws even after our elected officials and public institutions have, numerous times, rejected them, that is a loss for our system of government and working people."

White of D.A. Davidson said that though the decision provides some welcome relief to companies, it will still likely drive up the costs of riders’ fares. In order to cover the new benefits of their California employees, the companies will likely have to pass on some of the costs to customers, he said. However, it could also provide a roadmap for other states that may have considered imposing similar new laws on the gig companies. If that happens, riders can expect higher prices in states where drivers get more benefits.

“Over time, I think it’s inevitable that you are going to see more of a middle ground treatment of gig economy workers,” White said. “Somewhere that falls between AB 5 and what we historically think as an independent contractor.”

The vote in favor of Prop 22 removes Uber and Lyft from a sticky situation they were facing in the California courts. In August, a California Superior Court Judge granted a preliminary injunction after Uber and Lyft did not reclassify their drivers following the implementation of AB 5. Then last month, the companies lost their appeal and were given about 60 days to request a review from the California Supreme Court.

The companies previously argued that if Prop 22 hadn’t passed, they would’ve had to eliminate “thousands” of jobs and permanently shut down service in many areas to account for the higher costs associated with paying employees. But critics say that for far too long, the companies have unfairly compensated their workers and that Prop 22 only allows that to continue.

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