一個國家能得到的最接近于“免費午餐”的好事,就是吸引一批外國人才涌入。他們所能提供的也遠(yuǎn)不止教育水平和工作技能這兩點最明顯的好處。他們還為本國注入了活力和工作精神,激發(fā)了創(chuàng)新力、增強(qiáng)了競爭力。如果把所有新來的移民比作圣代冰淇淋,那么,那些來創(chuàng)業(yè)的企業(yè)家無疑是最重要的——就像雪頂上的櫻桃:他們能立即開始創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位。
這也就是為什么在很長一段時間內(nèi),我們一直在呼吁,要為希望在美國開展業(yè)務(wù)的外國企業(yè)家提倡“創(chuàng)業(yè)簽證”——而且我們差點就能擁有一個了。經(jīng)過多年的辯論,奧巴馬政府簽署了一項《國際企業(yè)家法規(guī)》(International Entrepreneur Rule,IER),并由國土安全部于2017年初最終敲定。然而此后,特朗普政府美國利益至上、反全球化的本土保護(hù)主義,及對待移民良莠不分、一刀切式的打擊,都使這份提案蒙受了滅頂之災(zāi)。為了消除某些移民可能帶來的隱患,他就否定了整個群體,把許多原本能為美國做出貢獻(xiàn)的外國人一并拒之門外——甚至是那些能在美國社會遭遇危機(jī)時,救之于水火的力量。
但是,正如進(jìn)步政策研究所(Progressive Policy Institute)和美國科學(xué)家聯(lián)合會(Federation of American Scientists)的研究人員克萊布?沃特尼(Caleb Watney),道格?蘭德(Doug Rand)和林賽?美利肯(Lindsay Milliken)指出的那樣,拜登政府只需要簽署一些簡單的文件,就能恢復(fù)創(chuàng)業(yè)簽證。不需要國會的批準(zhǔn),也不需要經(jīng)過漫長的聯(lián)邦法規(guī)制定程序——因為先前的《國際企業(yè)家法規(guī)》已經(jīng)解決了這個難題。
如果這項簽證能夠順利出臺,將極大地促進(jìn)美國的創(chuàng)新力和競爭力。在壯大美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程中,由雄心勃勃的外國移民企業(yè)家們建立的公司做出了超乎尋常的貢獻(xiàn)。寶潔(創(chuàng)始人來自英國和愛爾蘭),杜邦(法國),高盛(德國),諾德斯特羅姆(瑞典)和谷歌(俄羅斯)等公司都向世人證明,其外來移民創(chuàng)業(yè)者是饋贈給美國人民的了不起的禮物。是他們創(chuàng)造了上千萬的工作崗位,并為其寶貴的開放包容、鼓勵創(chuàng)新的文化環(huán)境添磚加瓦,這種巨大的影響一直持續(xù)至今。在美國市值超過10億美元的獨角獸科技公司中,超過一半的創(chuàng)始人是移民。
可能你會覺得,在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的嚴(yán)峻困境下,任何人都會對那些能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會的人來到自己的國家表示熱烈的歡迎。英國,加拿大,澳大利亞,甚至中國,都有相應(yīng)的計劃來吸引這類有價值的人群,以創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。事實證明,美國也在構(gòu)思這樣的計劃:即《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》。
作為一種能夠替代立法的繁瑣程序、落實起來更為迅速直接的方法,這項法規(guī)希望美國能給每家公司最多三位創(chuàng)始人頒發(fā)最長為五年的入境許可。法規(guī)的個中細(xì)節(jié)很復(fù)雜,但快速概括起來就是:這項法規(guī)允許國土安全局為外國移民創(chuàng)始人授予快速“假釋”(臨時入境),使他們能夠在美國開展業(yè)務(wù)。與大多數(shù)移民程序相比,這是個自由裁量范圍更大,也少了很多官僚化手續(xù)的過程,并可能帶來更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會,促進(jìn)更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。
正如進(jìn)步政策研究所的論文所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》已準(zhǔn)備就緒。該規(guī)則是在奧巴馬政府任期內(nèi)的最后幾天里出臺的,旨在應(yīng)對國會對移民政策改革的阻礙,原定于特朗普上任后不久生效。然而特朗普的反移民團(tuán)隊立即叫停了這項政策,并有意徹底取消。但幸運(yùn)的是,對拜登而言,特朗普的團(tuán)隊再也不能從中作梗了。因此,今天的《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》可以隨時發(fā)布,而不再有法律和行政上的障礙。
對新總統(tǒng)拜登而言,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》是天賜之物。在經(jīng)濟(jì)問題上,拜登希望能快速取勝,以表明他對刺激美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度。他還希望向美國商業(yè)界表明自己的立場,即站在他們一邊,并希望制定有利于商業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。對于至關(guān)重要的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,拜登則希望表明,他不僅在懲罰行為不當(dāng)?shù)目萍季揞^們。對于潛在的移民創(chuàng)始人,他也希望表示明確的歡迎。
《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》契合了拜登的整個愿望清單。落實這一法規(guī)的成本幾乎可以忽略不計。而對經(jīng)濟(jì)的積極影響將是立竿見影的。根據(jù)國土安全局的分析,在這項法規(guī)的推動下,每年將有近3000名新公司的創(chuàng)始人涌入美國。進(jìn)步政策研究所估計,由這些新來者創(chuàng)立的公司可以在10年內(nèi)創(chuàng)造多達(dá)100萬個就業(yè)機(jī)會。而且,該數(shù)字還并未考慮到移民者們最常創(chuàng)立的是STEM(科技、工程、數(shù)理)領(lǐng)域的公司——這種技術(shù)指向性的企業(yè)將為周邊社區(qū)帶來巨大的乘數(shù)效應(yīng)。
但是,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》并不能替代一系列鼓勵合法移民的法律改革。這只是權(quán)宜之計,并且可能受到法律上的挑戰(zhàn),而國會出臺的法案就不會有這種問題。這就意味著,生活在一個由總統(tǒng)政府的行政命令和國會的正式立法共同治理的時代,雙方的僵局不太可能在諸如移民之類的緊要問題上屈服。 因此,無論是對拜登還是對整個國家而言,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》會在移民政策中扮演實際上的核心角色都是不言而喻的。相信拜登的團(tuán)隊能很好地將該規(guī)則廣而告之,為美國招來更多企業(yè)家,并在創(chuàng)業(yè)移民辦理相關(guān)行政手續(xù)時,提供一個更簡便的選擇。
由于大流行和政府抗疫不力,美國已經(jīng)失去了數(shù)百萬個工作機(jī)會?,F(xiàn)在正艱難地走向復(fù)蘇。因而,沒有任何理由不抓住如此巨大的免費午餐?!秶H企業(yè)家規(guī)則》已經(jīng)箭在弦上,準(zhǔn)備好在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇中發(fā)揮重要作用。拜登,下令出臺吧。(財富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:陳聰聰
一個國家能得到的最接近于“免費午餐”的好事,就是吸引一批外國人才涌入。他們所能提供的也遠(yuǎn)不止教育水平和工作技能這兩點最明顯的好處。他們還為本國注入了活力和工作精神,激發(fā)了創(chuàng)新力、增強(qiáng)了競爭力。如果把所有新來的移民比作圣代冰淇淋,那么,那些來創(chuàng)業(yè)的企業(yè)家無疑是最重要的——就像雪頂上的櫻桃:他們能立即開始創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位。
這也就是為什么在很長一段時間內(nèi),我們一直在呼吁,要為希望在美國開展業(yè)務(wù)的外國企業(yè)家提倡“創(chuàng)業(yè)簽證”——而且我們差點就能擁有一個了。經(jīng)過多年的辯論,奧巴馬政府簽署了一項《國際企業(yè)家法規(guī)》(International Entrepreneur Rule,IER),并由國土安全部于2017年初最終敲定。然而此后,特朗普政府美國利益至上、反全球化的本土保護(hù)主義,及對待移民良莠不分、一刀切式的打擊,都使這份提案蒙受了滅頂之災(zāi)。為了消除某些移民可能帶來的隱患,他就否定了整個群體,把許多原本能為美國做出貢獻(xiàn)的外國人一并拒之門外——甚至是那些能在美國社會遭遇危機(jī)時,救之于水火的力量。
但是,正如進(jìn)步政策研究所(Progressive Policy Institute)和美國科學(xué)家聯(lián)合會(Federation of American Scientists)的研究人員克萊布?沃特尼(Caleb Watney),道格?蘭德(Doug Rand)和林賽?美利肯(Lindsay Milliken)指出的那樣,拜登政府只需要簽署一些簡單的文件,就能恢復(fù)創(chuàng)業(yè)簽證。不需要國會的批準(zhǔn),也不需要經(jīng)過漫長的聯(lián)邦法規(guī)制定程序——因為先前的《國際企業(yè)家法規(guī)》已經(jīng)解決了這個難題。
如果這項簽證能夠順利出臺,將極大地促進(jìn)美國的創(chuàng)新力和競爭力。在壯大美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程中,由雄心勃勃的外國移民企業(yè)家們建立的公司做出了超乎尋常的貢獻(xiàn)。寶潔(創(chuàng)始人來自英國和愛爾蘭),杜邦(法國),高盛(德國),諾德斯特羅姆(瑞典)和谷歌(俄羅斯)等公司都向世人證明,其外來移民創(chuàng)業(yè)者是饋贈給美國人民的了不起的禮物。是他們創(chuàng)造了上千萬的工作崗位,并為其寶貴的開放包容、鼓勵創(chuàng)新的文化環(huán)境添磚加瓦,這種巨大的影響一直持續(xù)至今。在美國市值超過10億美元的獨角獸科技公司中,超過一半的創(chuàng)始人是移民。
可能你會覺得,在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的嚴(yán)峻困境下,任何人都會對那些能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會的人來到自己的國家表示熱烈的歡迎。英國,加拿大,澳大利亞,甚至中國,都有相應(yīng)的計劃來吸引這類有價值的人群,以創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。事實證明,美國也在構(gòu)思這樣的計劃:即《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》。
作為一種能夠替代立法的繁瑣程序、落實起來更為迅速直接的方法,這項法規(guī)希望美國能給每家公司最多三位創(chuàng)始人頒發(fā)最長為五年的入境許可。法規(guī)的個中細(xì)節(jié)很復(fù)雜,但快速概括起來就是:這項法規(guī)允許國土安全局為外國移民創(chuàng)始人授予快速“假釋”(臨時入境),使他們能夠在美國開展業(yè)務(wù)。與大多數(shù)移民程序相比,這是個自由裁量范圍更大,也少了很多官僚化手續(xù)的過程,并可能帶來更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會,促進(jìn)更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。
正如進(jìn)步政策研究所的論文所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》已準(zhǔn)備就緒。該規(guī)則是在奧巴馬政府任期內(nèi)的最后幾天里出臺的,旨在應(yīng)對國會對移民政策改革的阻礙,原定于特朗普上任后不久生效。然而特朗普的反移民團(tuán)隊立即叫停了這項政策,并有意徹底取消。但幸運(yùn)的是,對拜登而言,特朗普的團(tuán)隊再也不能從中作梗了。因此,今天的《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》可以隨時發(fā)布,而不再有法律和行政上的障礙。
對新總統(tǒng)拜登而言,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》是天賜之物。在經(jīng)濟(jì)問題上,拜登希望能快速取勝,以表明他對刺激美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度。他還希望向美國商業(yè)界表明自己的立場,即站在他們一邊,并希望制定有利于商業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。對于至關(guān)重要的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,拜登則希望表明,他不僅在懲罰行為不當(dāng)?shù)目萍季揞^們。對于潛在的移民創(chuàng)始人,他也希望表示明確的歡迎。
《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》契合了拜登的整個愿望清單。落實這一法規(guī)的成本幾乎可以忽略不計。而對經(jīng)濟(jì)的積極影響將是立竿見影的。根據(jù)國土安全局的分析,在這項法規(guī)的推動下,每年將有近3000名新公司的創(chuàng)始人涌入美國。進(jìn)步政策研究所估計,由這些新來者創(chuàng)立的公司可以在10年內(nèi)創(chuàng)造多達(dá)100萬個就業(yè)機(jī)會。而且,該數(shù)字還并未考慮到移民者們最常創(chuàng)立的是STEM(科技、工程、數(shù)理)領(lǐng)域的公司——這種技術(shù)指向性的企業(yè)將為周邊社區(qū)帶來巨大的乘數(shù)效應(yīng)。
但是,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》并不能替代一系列鼓勵合法移民的法律改革。這只是權(quán)宜之計,并且可能受到法律上的挑戰(zhàn),而國會出臺的法案就不會有這種問題。這就意味著,生活在一個由總統(tǒng)政府的行政命令和國會的正式立法共同治理的時代,雙方的僵局不太可能在諸如移民之類的緊要問題上屈服。 因此,無論是對拜登還是對整個國家而言,《國際企業(yè)家規(guī)則》會在移民政策中扮演實際上的核心角色都是不言而喻的。相信拜登的團(tuán)隊能很好地將該規(guī)則廣而告之,為美國招來更多企業(yè)家,并在創(chuàng)業(yè)移民辦理相關(guān)行政手續(xù)時,提供一個更簡便的選擇。
由于大流行和政府抗疫不力,美國已經(jīng)失去了數(shù)百萬個工作機(jī)會?,F(xiàn)在正艱難地走向復(fù)蘇。因而,沒有任何理由不抓住如此巨大的免費午餐?!秶H企業(yè)家規(guī)則》已經(jīng)箭在弦上,準(zhǔn)備好在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇中發(fā)揮重要作用。拜登,下令出臺吧。(財富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:陳聰聰
The closest thing that a country can have to a free lunch is an influx of skilled immigrants. Education and skills are only the most obvious benefits they provide. They also bring a vitality and work ethos that inspires innovation and builds competitiveness. If new immigrants were an ice cream sundae, the cherry on top would be the entrepreneurs who come to start companies: They immediately start creating jobs.
That is why we have long been advocating a startup visa for foreign-born entrepreneurs who want to build their business in the United States. And we nearly had one. After years of debate, the Obama administration issued the International Entrepreneur Rule (IER), and the Department of Homeland Security finalized it in early 2017. Then it suffered obliteration by the nativism of the Trump administration and its indiscriminate assault on all forms of immigration, in which it threw the baby out with the bathwater and the family rescue pet.
But as Caleb Watney, Doug Rand, and Lindsay Milliken of the Progressive Policy Institute and the Federation of American Scientists have discovered, the Biden administration could resuscitate the startup visa with a few pen-strokes. It wouldn’t require congressional approval, and it wouldn’t have to go through the time-consuming federal rulemaking process, because the IER has already navigated that maze.
Instituting the visa would provide a tremendous boost to U.S. innovation and competitiveness. Ambitious immigrants have founded far more than their fair share of the companies that made America great. Immigrant founders are an incredible gift to the American people, as Procter & Gamble (whose founders came from England and Ireland), DuPont (France), Goldman Sachs (Germany), Nordstrom (Sweden), and Google (Russia) all illustrate. They have created tens of millions of jobs and contributed to our invaluable culture of openness and innovation, and this outsize impact continues today. Of the founders of U.S. “unicorns”—technology companies worth more than $1 billion—more than half are immigrants.
You would think that the dire straits of the global economy would motivate anyone to welcome to their country people who could create jobs. England, Canada, Australia, and even China have programs to attract this valuable class of job creators. As it turns out, the U.S. too has conceived such a program: the International Entrepreneur Rule.
This rule was envisaged, as a more immediate alternative to legislation, to allow the U.S. to award entry to up to three founders per company for up to five years. The specifics of the rule are complicated, but here’s the fast version: The IER allows the DHS to quickly award “parole” (temporary entry) to immigrant founders, enabling them to launch and run their businesses in the United States. This is a more discretionary and less bureaucratic process than most immigration procedures, and allows for contingencies in job creation and economic activity.
As the Progressive Policy Institute paper found, IER is ready to go. Established in the final days of the Obama administration as a work-around in response to congressional stonewalling of immigration reform, the rule was scheduled to go into effect shortly after Trump took office. Trump’s anti-immigrant team immediately suspended the policy with the intention of rescinding it. Fortunately for Joe Biden, Trump’s team never bothered to follow through. So today the IER sits ready for enactment, free of legal and executive barriers.
For President Biden, the IER is a godsend. Biden wants quick wins in order to show his seriousness about stimulating the U.S. economy. He also wants to show the U.S. business community that he is on its side and that he wants to create business-friendly policies. To the essential technology sector, Biden wants to show that he is not only about punishing Big Tech. And to potential immigrant founders, Biden wants to signal a clear welcome.
The IER fulfills the entire wish list. The cost of implementing it is negligible. And the economic impact will be immediate. According to DHS analysis, under the IER, nearly 3,000 new founders per year would stream onto our shores. The Progressive Policy Institute estimates that firms founded by these new arrivals could create as many as 1 million jobs within 10 years. And that figure does not take into account the large multipliers that STEM firms, which immigrants most commonly found, provide to their surrounding communities.
The IER is no substitute for a suite of legal reforms to encourage legal immigration. It is a stopgap measure, and it could be subject to court challenges in ways that an act of Congress would not. That said, we now live in an era of government by executive order and rulemaking, and the gridlock in Washington, D.C., is unlikely to relent on hot-button issues such as immigration. So making the IER a central player in our de facto immigration policy is a no-brainer, both for Biden and for the good of the country. Biden’s team would do well to publicize the rule broadly, recruit entrepreneurs, and make the IER an administratively easy option for entrepreneurial immigration.
As we struggle to recover the millions of jobs lost through the pandemic and government mismanagement of COVID-19 mitigation efforts, there is no excuse for not grabbing a free lunch of this magnitude. The IER is in place, ready to go, and ready to play a large part in the economic recovery of our nation. Please make it so, Joe.