由于2020年各國實施了疫情相關(guān)限制措施,能源利用造成的二氧化碳污染自二戰(zhàn)以來出現(xiàn)絕對最大幅度下降。但封鎖禁令最終得以解除,隨著經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇,碳排放在年底迅速回升。根據(jù)國際能源署(International Energy Agency)的最新數(shù)據(jù),去年12月,全球碳排放量比2019年同月高出2%。
2020年,能源消耗碳排放總量較上年減少約20億公噸,降幅為5.8%。如此大幅度的下降“在人類歷史上還是首次出現(xiàn)。這大致上相當(dāng)于將歐盟排放量從全球排放總量中移除,”筆者這樣寫道。
美國和歐盟的排放量都下降了10%,降幅最大的時間段集中在3、4、5月。中國是唯一一個碳排放量增長的大型經(jīng)濟體,年增長率為0.8%。其中大部分的增長是在快到年底時發(fā)生的。2020年12月,中國的碳排放量較2019年同比增長7%。
受到工作者被隔離、業(yè)務(wù)放緩或暫停等因素的影響,交通運輸業(yè)成為能源消耗碳排放量下降幅度最大的行業(yè)。石油消耗減少引起的碳排放量下降(其中一半源自道路交通,另外35%源自飛機停飛)占碳排放減少總量的一半以上。
而在可再生能源領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了一些亮點。太陽能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電量在全球能源組合中所占的比例首次達到創(chuàng)紀錄的20%,電動汽車的銷量也創(chuàng)下了紀錄。
雖然世界各地在努力兼顧經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇和長期減少碳排放,國際能源署擔(dān)心后疫情時代二氧化碳排放會出現(xiàn)井噴式增長。國際能源署認為,隨著疫情限制性措施的解除,能源需求回升的速度“突顯了今年二氧化碳排放將顯著增加的風(fēng)險”。
據(jù)科學(xué)家估計,只有碳排放在本年內(nèi)大幅下降10%,他們才能夠檢測到大氣中二氧化碳濃度的下降,而二氧化碳濃度已經(jīng)連續(xù)數(shù)十年持續(xù)上升。(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
由于2020年各國實施了疫情相關(guān)限制措施,能源利用造成的二氧化碳污染自二戰(zhàn)以來出現(xiàn)絕對最大幅度下降。但封鎖禁令最終得以解除,隨著經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇,碳排放在年底迅速回升。根據(jù)國際能源署(International Energy Agency)的最新數(shù)據(jù),去年12月,全球碳排放量比2019年同月高出2%。
2020年,能源消耗碳排放總量較上年減少約20億公噸,降幅為5.8%。如此大幅度的下降“在人類歷史上還是首次出現(xiàn)。這大致上相當(dāng)于將歐盟排放量從全球排放總量中移除,”筆者這樣寫道。
美國和歐盟的排放量都下降了10%,降幅最大的時間段集中在3、4、5月。中國是唯一一個碳排放量增長的大型經(jīng)濟體,年增長率為0.8%。其中大部分的增長是在快到年底時發(fā)生的。2020年12月,中國的碳排放量較2019年同比增長7%。
受到工作者被隔離、業(yè)務(wù)放緩或暫停等因素的影響,交通運輸業(yè)成為能源消耗碳排放量下降幅度最大的行業(yè)。石油消耗減少引起的碳排放量下降(其中一半源自道路交通,另外35%源自飛機停飛)占碳排放減少總量的一半以上。
而在可再生能源領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)了一些亮點。太陽能和風(fēng)能發(fā)電量在全球能源組合中所占的比例首次達到創(chuàng)紀錄的20%,電動汽車的銷量也創(chuàng)下了紀錄。
雖然世界各地在努力兼顧經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇和長期減少碳排放,國際能源署擔(dān)心后疫情時代二氧化碳排放會出現(xiàn)井噴式增長。國際能源署認為,隨著疫情限制性措施的解除,能源需求回升的速度“突顯了今年二氧化碳排放將顯著增加的風(fēng)險”。
據(jù)科學(xué)家估計,只有碳排放在本年內(nèi)大幅下降10%,他們才能夠檢測到大氣中二氧化碳濃度的下降,而二氧化碳濃度已經(jīng)連續(xù)數(shù)十年持續(xù)上升。(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
Pandemic restrictions in 2020 caused the largest absolute drop in carbon-dioxide pollution from energy use since World War II. But lockdowns eventually lifted, and as economic activity picked up, emissions resumed very quickly by year's end. In December, worldwide emissions were 2% higher than the same month in 2019, according to new data from the International Energy Agency.
Emissions from energy fell by about 2 billion metric tons, or 5.8% in 2020, from the prior year. Such a plunge "is without precedent in human history — broadly speaking, this is the equivalent of removing all of the European Union's emissions from the global total," the authors wrote.
Both the U.S. and EU saw emissions fall by 10%, with the steepest reductions concentrated in March, April, and May. China was the only large economy that saw emissions increase, by 0.8% on an annual basis. Much of that rise came toward the end of the year. China’s emissions were 7% higher in December 2020 than they were in December 2019.
The category with the biggest drop in energy-use emissions was transportation, as workers quarantined and business slowed or halted. The decline in oil use contributed more than half of the overall total, with half of that coming from road traffic and another 35% from grounded airplanes.
The bright spots—there were some—came in the renewables space. Electricity generated from the sun and wind reached a record 20% of the mix of global energy sources for the first time, and electric vehicles sold in record numbers.
While the world simultaneously struggles to both return to normal and cut emissions permanently, the IEA is concerned about a post-pandemic CO2 gusher. The speed with which energy demand returned as pandemic restrictions lifted "underscores the risk that CO? emissions will increase significantly this year," the IEA wrote.
Scientists estimate that emissions would have to plummet by 10% for the year before scientists could detect the reduction in the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere, which has risen every year for decades.