對(duì)企業(yè)提出的脫碳計(jì)劃和可持續(xù)發(fā)展倡議如今已泛濫得令人嘆為觀止。但遺憾的是,這或許只能適得其反地演變成一場(chǎng)“綠色洗白”:一家企業(yè)現(xiàn)在只要標(biāo)榜自己是一個(gè)“環(huán)保主義者”,喊喊口號(hào),就能趁機(jī)掩蓋自己過(guò)去或當(dāng)前做出的有害環(huán)境的行為。
石油巨頭雪佛龍就是一個(gè)很好的例子。該公司聲稱自己主張使用清潔能源,然而一些非政府組織對(duì)此表示嚴(yán)重懷疑,并已經(jīng)向聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)發(fā)起投訴,指責(zé)該公司“嚴(yán)重誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者”。
雪佛龍公司的表現(xiàn)絲毫不讓人意外。在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正向著“零排放”的未來(lái)過(guò)渡時(shí),它不是唯一一家宣稱自己滿足新近提出的“環(huán)境,社會(huì)治理”(ESG)要求的公司。但是此案引發(fā)了一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題,即相比這種純屬公關(guān)性質(zhì)的“環(huán)保宣言”,什么才算真實(shí)可信的環(huán)保行為?
幸運(yùn)的是,制定環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人始終密切關(guān)注著這一問(wèn)題。只要大型投資機(jī)構(gòu)和私營(yíng)企業(yè)能夠支持他們的決定,遵守他們制定的準(zhǔn)則,氣候問(wèn)題最終就可以得到解決。
歐盟在這方面的表現(xiàn)遙遙領(lǐng)先,并正在致力于頒布世界上第一部“可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的手冊(cè)。歐盟表示,這一手冊(cè)將有助于《歐洲綠色協(xié)議》的落實(shí)——該《協(xié)議》旨在讓企業(yè)遵循可持續(xù)原則發(fā)展,以實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化和增長(zhǎng)。該手冊(cè)通常也被稱為“歐盟分類法”,將基于科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),劃分哪些經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)才應(yīng)被視為“真正的可持續(xù)”。
還有一個(gè)好消息是,并非只有歐盟想加速這一進(jìn)程,國(guó)際社會(huì)也在努力建立健全法律框架,以識(shí)破那些只會(huì)空喊口號(hào)、聲稱自己遵守了“環(huán)境,社會(huì)治理”(ESG)要求的企業(yè),并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些真正有所作為的環(huán)保行動(dòng)。如果沒(méi)有新的監(jiān)管架構(gòu),世界將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)(SDG)或《巴黎協(xié)定》,因此,政治和商業(yè)界的領(lǐng)袖都應(yīng)給予支持。
最重要的是,國(guó)際財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告準(zhǔn)則(IFRS)基金會(huì)推出了一個(gè)新的可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì),其任務(wù)是“推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展問(wèn)題上達(dá)成一致”。如果一切都按計(jì)劃順利進(jìn)行,則相關(guān)工作應(yīng)在11月舉行的關(guān)鍵會(huì)議——聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約第26屆締約方大會(huì)(COP26)之前及時(shí)啟動(dòng)。
要在這方面取得進(jìn)展,關(guān)鍵任務(wù)是要將企業(yè)的社會(huì)、環(huán)保治理報(bào)告提升到與財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告相同的水平。還要建立可靠的衡量指標(biāo)、公開(kāi)企業(yè)的相關(guān)行為,評(píng)估他們?cè)诳沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響,這將對(duì)保護(hù)我們?nèi)祟惡偷厍蜃龀鼍薮蟮呢暙I(xiàn)。
到目前為止,企業(yè)的“社會(huì)、環(huán)保治理狀況”報(bào)告一直質(zhì)量不高,言行不一,企業(yè)之間也毫無(wú)可比性,讓投資人很難確定將把資金投到哪里。出臺(tái)在社會(huì)和環(huán)境治理方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將有助于釋放市場(chǎng)中的資金流動(dòng)性,這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,能支持專注于創(chuàng)造長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值的公司。這一過(guò)程還將有助于保障后疫情時(shí)代的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)能真正迎來(lái)“綠色復(fù)蘇”。
從企業(yè)自愿披露自己的行為到強(qiáng)制他們披露也勢(shì)在必行,這不僅是改善同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的手段,也是改善對(duì)董事會(huì)和高管問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制的手段——毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他們大多數(shù)人當(dāng)前在社會(huì)、環(huán)境治理方面的作為都少得可憐,而強(qiáng)制性披露將與企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力掛鉤。理想狀況是,大企業(yè)做出承諾,投資人增加投資,客戶忠誠(chéng)度更高——這是任何一家公司都?jí)裘乱郧蟮摹?/p>
最重要的是,我們必須努力讓這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能被整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)接受,因?yàn)楫?dāng)越來(lái)越多的利益相關(guān)者都同意遵守這種一視同仁的游戲規(guī)則,監(jiān)管也按這種統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行,給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的好處將成倍增長(zhǎng)。人們對(duì)是否應(yīng)將氫氣和天然氣算作“綠色”還存在很大的分歧,就說(shuō)明了為什么這種共識(shí)必不可少。此外,我們也不應(yīng)期望,公司在不同司法轄區(qū)內(nèi)還要按不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擔(dān)責(zé)。
在建設(shè)更加可持續(xù),更具包容性、更加平等的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)這一問(wèn)題上,我們不能再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。我們不能忘記,在2008年金融危機(jī)之后,這一愿景一敗涂地,當(dāng)時(shí),短期效益至上主義和股東至上主義的迅速崛起,在全球重建了自己的統(tǒng)治權(quán)。
但是,即使是最憤世嫉俗的人也不得不承認(rèn),這次,人們或許可以期待一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)。據(jù)彭博社的分析顯示,目前已有超過(guò)1,500家大公司制定了脫碳計(jì)劃,“到2025年,全球用于社會(huì)、環(huán)境治理的資產(chǎn)有望超過(guò)53萬(wàn)億美元,占企業(yè)管理的140.5萬(wàn)億美元總資產(chǎn)的三分之一以上?!?/p>
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),這些數(shù)字還有改進(jìn)的空間,但現(xiàn)在,要知道我們能否真正實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),唯一的方法就是實(shí)時(shí)衡量我們的進(jìn)度。因此,向上述的可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)提供支持,必須成為政客,商人和投資者的頭等大事。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
保羅·波爾曼(Paul Polman)是聯(lián)合利華(Unilever)的前首席執(zhí)行官,也是IMAGINE公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人和董事長(zhǎng),該公司是一家社會(huì)企業(yè),旨在加快商業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,以實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。 他還是世界基準(zhǔn)聯(lián)盟(World Benchmarking Alliance)的大使,該聯(lián)盟是一家全球性的非營(yíng)利組織,致力于開(kāi)發(fā)免費(fèi)、開(kāi)源的,評(píng)價(jià)公司可持續(xù)發(fā)展表現(xiàn)的基準(zhǔn)排名。
編譯:陳聰聰
對(duì)企業(yè)提出的脫碳計(jì)劃和可持續(xù)發(fā)展倡議如今已泛濫得令人嘆為觀止。但遺憾的是,這或許只能適得其反地演變成一場(chǎng)“綠色洗白”:一家企業(yè)現(xiàn)在只要標(biāo)榜自己是一個(gè)“環(huán)保主義者”,喊喊口號(hào),就能趁機(jī)掩蓋自己過(guò)去或當(dāng)前做出的有害環(huán)境的行為。
石油巨頭雪佛龍就是一個(gè)很好的例子。該公司聲稱自己主張使用清潔能源,然而一些非政府組織對(duì)此表示嚴(yán)重懷疑,并已經(jīng)向聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)發(fā)起投訴,指責(zé)該公司“嚴(yán)重誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者”。
雪佛龍公司的表現(xiàn)絲毫不讓人意外。在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)正向著“零排放”的未來(lái)過(guò)渡時(shí),它不是唯一一家宣稱自己滿足新近提出的“環(huán)境,社會(huì)治理”(ESG)要求的公司。但是此案引發(fā)了一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題,即相比這種純屬公關(guān)性質(zhì)的“環(huán)保宣言”,什么才算真實(shí)可信的環(huán)保行為?
幸運(yùn)的是,制定環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人始終密切關(guān)注著這一問(wèn)題。只要大型投資機(jī)構(gòu)和私營(yíng)企業(yè)能夠支持他們的決定,遵守他們制定的準(zhǔn)則,氣候問(wèn)題最終就可以得到解決。
歐盟在這方面的表現(xiàn)遙遙領(lǐng)先,并正在致力于頒布世界上第一部“可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的手冊(cè)。歐盟表示,這一手冊(cè)將有助于《歐洲綠色協(xié)議》的落實(shí)——該《協(xié)議》旨在讓企業(yè)遵循可持續(xù)原則發(fā)展,以實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代化和增長(zhǎng)。該手冊(cè)通常也被稱為“歐盟分類法”,將基于科學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),劃分哪些經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)才應(yīng)被視為“真正的可持續(xù)”。
還有一個(gè)好消息是,并非只有歐盟想加速這一進(jìn)程,國(guó)際社會(huì)也在努力建立健全法律框架,以識(shí)破那些只會(huì)空喊口號(hào)、聲稱自己遵守了“環(huán)境,社會(huì)治理”(ESG)要求的企業(yè),并獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些真正有所作為的環(huán)保行動(dòng)。如果沒(méi)有新的監(jiān)管架構(gòu),世界將無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)(SDG)或《巴黎協(xié)定》,因此,政治和商業(yè)界的領(lǐng)袖都應(yīng)給予支持。
最重要的是,國(guó)際財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告準(zhǔn)則(IFRS)基金會(huì)推出了一個(gè)新的可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì),其任務(wù)是“推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)在可持續(xù)發(fā)展問(wèn)題上達(dá)成一致”。如果一切都按計(jì)劃順利進(jìn)行,則相關(guān)工作應(yīng)在11月舉行的關(guān)鍵會(huì)議——聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約第26屆締約方大會(huì)(COP26)之前及時(shí)啟動(dòng)。
要在這方面取得進(jìn)展,關(guān)鍵任務(wù)是要將企業(yè)的社會(huì)、環(huán)保治理報(bào)告提升到與財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告相同的水平。還要建立可靠的衡量指標(biāo)、公開(kāi)企業(yè)的相關(guān)行為,評(píng)估他們?cè)诳沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響,這將對(duì)保護(hù)我們?nèi)祟惡偷厍蜃龀鼍薮蟮呢暙I(xiàn)。
到目前為止,企業(yè)的“社會(huì)、環(huán)保治理狀況”報(bào)告一直質(zhì)量不高,言行不一,企業(yè)之間也毫無(wú)可比性,讓投資人很難確定將把資金投到哪里。出臺(tái)在社會(huì)和環(huán)境治理方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將有助于釋放市場(chǎng)中的資金流動(dòng)性,這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要,能支持專注于創(chuàng)造長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值的公司。這一過(guò)程還將有助于保障后疫情時(shí)代的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)能真正迎來(lái)“綠色復(fù)蘇”。
從企業(yè)自愿披露自己的行為到強(qiáng)制他們披露也勢(shì)在必行,這不僅是改善同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的手段,也是改善對(duì)董事會(huì)和高管問(wèn)責(zé)機(jī)制的手段——毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),他們大多數(shù)人當(dāng)前在社會(huì)、環(huán)境治理方面的作為都少得可憐,而強(qiáng)制性披露將與企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力掛鉤。理想狀況是,大企業(yè)做出承諾,投資人增加投資,客戶忠誠(chéng)度更高——這是任何一家公司都?jí)裘乱郧蟮摹?/p>
最重要的是,我們必須努力讓這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能被整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)接受,因?yàn)楫?dāng)越來(lái)越多的利益相關(guān)者都同意遵守這種一視同仁的游戲規(guī)則,監(jiān)管也按這種統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行,給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的好處將成倍增長(zhǎng)。人們對(duì)是否應(yīng)將氫氣和天然氣算作“綠色”還存在很大的分歧,就說(shuō)明了為什么這種共識(shí)必不可少。此外,我們也不應(yīng)期望,公司在不同司法轄區(qū)內(nèi)還要按不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擔(dān)責(zé)。
在建設(shè)更加可持續(xù),更具包容性、更加平等的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)這一問(wèn)題上,我們不能再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。我們不能忘記,在2008年金融危機(jī)之后,這一愿景一敗涂地,當(dāng)時(shí),短期效益至上主義和股東至上主義的迅速崛起,在全球重建了自己的統(tǒng)治權(quán)。
但是,即使是最憤世嫉俗的人也不得不承認(rèn),這次,人們或許可以期待一個(gè)更好的未來(lái)。據(jù)彭博社的分析顯示,目前已有超過(guò)1,500家大公司制定了脫碳計(jì)劃,“到2025年,全球用于社會(huì)、環(huán)境治理的資產(chǎn)有望超過(guò)53萬(wàn)億美元,占企業(yè)管理的140.5萬(wàn)億美元總資產(chǎn)的三分之一以上?!?/p>
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),這些數(shù)字還有改進(jìn)的空間,但現(xiàn)在,要知道我們能否真正實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),唯一的方法就是實(shí)時(shí)衡量我們的進(jìn)度。因此,向上述的可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)提供支持,必須成為政客,商人和投資者的頭等大事。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
保羅·波爾曼(Paul Polman)是聯(lián)合利華(Unilever)的前首席執(zhí)行官,也是IMAGINE公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人和董事長(zhǎng),該公司是一家社會(huì)企業(yè),旨在加快商業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力,以實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。 他還是世界基準(zhǔn)聯(lián)盟(World Benchmarking Alliance)的大使,該聯(lián)盟是一家全球性的非營(yíng)利組織,致力于開(kāi)發(fā)免費(fèi)、開(kāi)源的,評(píng)價(jià)公司可持續(xù)發(fā)展表現(xiàn)的基準(zhǔn)排名。
編譯:陳聰聰
The proliferation of corporate decarbonization plans and sustainability initiatives has now reached an impressive crescendo. But regrettably, the same can also be said of greenwashing, which is when a business presents itself as environmentally friendly in an attempt to obscure its past or current practices that are harmful to the environment.
Oil giant Chevron is a case in point. Unconvinced by the company’s clean-energy claims, NGOs have filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, accusing the firm of “egregiously misleading consumers.”
Unsurprisingly, Chevron is not the only company agitating to display its newly found environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) credentials in a global economy that’s transitioning to a net-zero future. But the case raises important questions about what counts as credible environmentally friendly activity versus pure PR bluster.
Fortunately, standard setters are holding this issue up to the magnifying glass. Provided they can win the support of large institutional investors and the private sector, they could end up becoming the ultimate climate saviors.
The European Union is already showing strong leadership and is working to produce the world’s first rulebook classifying sustainable economic activity. The EU says this rulebook will help to implement the European Green Deal, a plan to modernize and grow Europe’s economy through sustainable business practices. The rulebook, commonly referred to as the EU taxonomy, will establish science-based criteria on what should count as truly sustainable economic activity.
Encouragingly, the EU is not alone in wanting to accelerate progress, as international efforts are also underway to establish a robust legal framework to expose superficial ESG claims and reward serious action. The world will not meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) or Paris Agreement without this new regulatory architecture, so political and business leaders should lend their support.
Most significantly, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation has proposed a new sustainability standards board with a mandate to “drive international consistency of sustainability-related disclosures.” If all goes to plan, it should be launched in time for the crucial COP26 climate conference in November.
Central to making progress is elevating ESG reporting to the same level as financial reporting. Establishing robust metrics and disclosures to assess the impact of business on key sustainability issues would make a tremendous contribution in helping to protect both our people and planet.
So far, corporate ESG data has been lacking in quality, consistency, and comparability, which makes it difficult for asset managers to determine where to direct investments. Creating baseline social and environmental standards would help to unblock a vital pool of liquidity that is ready to back companies focused on long-term value creation. In the process, it would also help to underpin a genuine green recovery from COVID-19.
Shifting from voluntary to mandatory disclosures is also an imperative, not only as a means of improving peer competition in a race to the top, but also in improving board and executive accountability. There’s no escaping that the current ESG qualifications of most directors and executives is derisory, and mandatory disclosures would provide the stick to increase competency. The carrot is the promise of higher-performing businesses, increased investment from asset managers, and—top of any company’s wish list—greater customer loyalty.
Most important of all, we must work toward global standardization, since the rewards of regulatory alignment grow exponentially as more stakeholders subscribe to the same terms of engagement. The wider debate over whether hydrogen and natural gas should be labeled “green” is emblematic of why such common understandings are essential. Furthermore, we shouldn’t expect companies to shoulder the burden of different reporting requirements across multiple jurisdictions.
We don’t have any time to lose in building a more sustainable, inclusive, and equitable world economy. We can’t forget that we failed to do so miserably in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, when short-termism and shareholder primacy quickly reestablished their pervasive influence.
But even the most cynical would have to confess the omens are much better this time. Over 1,500 large companies now have decarbonization plans and, according to a Bloomberg Intelligence analysis, “global ESG assets are on track to exceed $53 trillion by 2025, representing more than a third of the $140.5 trillion in projected total assets under management.”
There’s no question that these numbers can be improved on, but the only way to know if we’re truly doing so is by measuring our progress. That’s why supporting the IFRS Foundation’s new sustainability standards board must be a top political, business, and investor priority.
Paul Polman is the former CEO of Unilever and cofounder and chair of IMAGINE, a social venture accelerating business leadership to achieve the SDGs. He is also an ambassador of the World Benchmarking Alliance, a global nonprofit working to develop free, publicly available benchmarks ranking companies on their SDG performance.