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網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子是如何在遠(yuǎn)程辦公期間鉆空子的?

Jepser Andersen
2021-04-30

我們對(duì)虛擬系統(tǒng)的依賴(lài)意味著,黑客有能力造成前所未有的破壞,并以無(wú)數(shù)種新方式擾亂日常生活。

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圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF GETTY IMAGES

春天向來(lái)都是萬(wàn)物更新的時(shí)節(jié),而今年更是如此。在經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)被迫隔離的漫長(zhǎng)冬天之后,隨著安全有效的疫苗越來(lái)越容易獲得,許多人期待著關(guān)閉Zoom,穿上真實(shí)像樣的褲子,一年多來(lái)首次出門(mén)去見(jiàn)朋友和同事。正常生活,似乎就在眼前。

然而,過(guò)去一年的事件已經(jīng)讓世界發(fā)生了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化。我們重新走進(jìn)的企業(yè)、學(xué)校和其他工作場(chǎng)所,將不再是我們?nèi)ツ?月離開(kāi)的那個(gè)地方。

隨著各行各業(yè)迅速接受遠(yuǎn)程工作,并建立起基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來(lái)確保居家工作的員工保持生產(chǎn)力,新冠疫情促使這些原本就存在的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)進(jìn)一步加速。

我們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn),其中有許多進(jìn)展都相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)——員工可以在任何地方高效工作,再也無(wú)需忍受漫長(zhǎng)通勤和嘈雜的辦公室?guī)?lái)的痛苦。因此,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)踏上重啟之路,許多人正在設(shè)法讓這些臨時(shí)解決方案變得更加持久,并將其與更加“傳統(tǒng)的”工作形式結(jié)合在一起,以創(chuàng)造一種混合的工作環(huán)境。

這些新的混合型工作場(chǎng)所將為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造新的機(jī)會(huì),有助于我們創(chuàng)建比以往任何時(shí)候都更靈活、更高效、更容易接近的組織。但是,它們也會(huì)開(kāi)辟新的不確定性途徑,從而危及每個(gè)組織。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子對(duì)此心知肚明,并且正在尋找利用這些漏洞的方法。

混合模式的危險(xiǎn)

后疫情時(shí)代的工作場(chǎng)所將是一種新舊結(jié)合的混合體:?jiǎn)T工既能夠利用云技術(shù)在任何地方工作,同時(shí)還可以在必要時(shí)去辦公室上班。

然而,從網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的角度來(lái)看,這有可能演變成一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)。對(duì)那些完全利用遠(yuǎn)程方式工作的員工,企業(yè)能夠采用一種足以保護(hù)中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方式將其分割開(kāi)來(lái),但混合型員工每次返回辦公室并重新連接時(shí),都有可能攜帶他們不慎獲取的惡意軟件,從而將這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴露在更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之下。

2020年,在圖謀不軌者發(fā)送的惡意軟件中,有61%是通過(guò)云應(yīng)用發(fā)送給遠(yuǎn)程工作者的。就在一個(gè)月前,每年處理資金高達(dá)1000億美元的加利福尼亞州主計(jì)長(zhǎng)辦公室(California State Controller’s Office)遭到電子郵件釣魚(yú)攻擊——黑客經(jīng)由一位員工獲得內(nèi)部文件的云訪(fǎng)問(wèn)權(quán),并利用這個(gè)啟動(dòng)點(diǎn)對(duì)另外9000名員工進(jìn)行釣魚(yú)式攻擊。

用它乘以數(shù)百名(或數(shù)千名)每周連接和重新連接中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)好幾次的員工,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)數(shù)百個(gè)(或數(shù)千個(gè))新載體。通過(guò)這些新載體,惡意行為者可以在你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中獲得立足點(diǎn),這就讓保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶(hù)和數(shù)據(jù)的任務(wù)變得更加復(fù)雜。

黑客嗅到了機(jī)會(huì)

在過(guò)去的12個(gè)月,新冠疫情,以及技術(shù)的采用、遠(yuǎn)程工作和對(duì)廣泛數(shù)字化服務(wù)的需求所帶來(lái)的種種混亂,創(chuàng)造了一場(chǎng)讓黑客大顯身手的完美風(fēng)暴。而且,隨著組織快速轉(zhuǎn)向新的混合型工作場(chǎng)所模式,再加上我們的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)這些數(shù)字技術(shù),黑客攻擊的規(guī)模、頻率和復(fù)雜性只會(huì)不斷增強(qiáng)。

這方面的典型例證是個(gè)人健康數(shù)據(jù)。國(guó)際征信巨頭益博睿(Experian)將一個(gè)人的醫(yī)療保健數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值定為1000美元。網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子知道這一點(diǎn)。而且,隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療蓬勃興起,人們對(duì)醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備日益依賴(lài),黑客們感到有機(jī)會(huì)更容易地竊取敏感數(shù)據(jù),破壞關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,并勒索贖金。其結(jié)果是:根據(jù)我公司的一項(xiàng)研究,在過(guò)去12個(gè)月,超過(guò)一半的醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供商遭受數(shù)據(jù)泄露,涉及的患者醫(yī)療記錄可能高達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)份。美國(guó)猶太保健集團(tuán)Northwell Health的首席信息安全官宣稱(chēng),她所在的部門(mén)是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的頭號(hào)目標(biāo)”。她還指出,“鑒于新冠疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái),遠(yuǎn)程工作者群體不斷壯大,這已經(jīng)成為一大挑戰(zhàn)。”

這種情況將在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域重演。隨著工作場(chǎng)所轉(zhuǎn)型繼續(xù)在州和地方政府等部門(mén)蔓延,攻擊者正在發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的目標(biāo),以及可供利用的漏洞。我們對(duì)虛擬系統(tǒng)的依賴(lài)意味著,黑客有能力造成前所未有的破壞,并以無(wú)數(shù)種新方式擾亂日常生活——同時(shí)也會(huì)要求越來(lái)越多的贖金。

這些威脅并不容易應(yīng)對(duì)。好消息是,現(xiàn)有的解決方案具有足夠的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性,可以管理越來(lái)越多的遠(yuǎn)程連接——無(wú)論這些連接來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)程員工、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備,還是來(lái)自學(xué)生——并且足夠成熟,能夠自動(dòng)識(shí)別和解決用戶(hù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)所面臨的越來(lái)越多的威脅。(我的公司Infoblox致力于幫助世界各地的組織擴(kuò)展和保護(hù)其數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。)

最重要的是,企業(yè)需要徹底評(píng)估自身的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全戰(zhàn)略,并確保它為這個(gè)新世界做好了準(zhǔn)備。即使軟件即服務(wù)(SaaS)解決方案迅速崛起,向云端遷移蔚然成風(fēng),對(duì)云安全解決方案的采用仍然大大滯后,向遠(yuǎn)程工作的轉(zhuǎn)換由此變得更加昂貴、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)重重、極其困難。從一開(kāi)始就進(jìn)行這些投資,可以讓工作場(chǎng)所更加順暢、更加安全地轉(zhuǎn)向混合型模式,從源頭上堵住有可能成為攻擊載體的漏洞。

但這些解決方案要充分發(fā)揮作用,也有賴(lài)于觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變。首席信息官(CIO)和首席信息安全官(CISO)現(xiàn)在需要在決策層占據(jù)一席之地,從而讓他們能夠在重啟計(jì)劃仍在制定之際,就幫助企業(yè)識(shí)別和應(yīng)對(duì)有可能成為威脅的潛在漏洞。是的,網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全不再是一個(gè)技術(shù)或IT問(wèn)題——它需要成為一個(gè)組織和運(yùn)營(yíng)的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。

我們正準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入的世界將由我們面臨的威脅來(lái)定義。只有那些現(xiàn)在就意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),并且從一開(kāi)始就高度重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全(而不是在重啟計(jì)劃制定好之后才考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題)的企業(yè)才有望發(fā)展壯大。歡迎光臨新常態(tài)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

杰斯珀·安德森(Jesper Andersen)是Infoblox公司的首席執(zhí)行官。Infoblox是一家為1.2萬(wàn)家客戶(hù)提供核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)和安全服務(wù)的領(lǐng)先供應(yīng)商。

譯者:任文科

春天向來(lái)都是萬(wàn)物更新的時(shí)節(jié),而今年更是如此。在經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)被迫隔離的漫長(zhǎng)冬天之后,隨著安全有效的疫苗越來(lái)越容易獲得,許多人期待著關(guān)閉Zoom,穿上真實(shí)像樣的褲子,一年多來(lái)首次出門(mén)去見(jiàn)朋友和同事。正常生活,似乎就在眼前。

然而,過(guò)去一年的事件已經(jīng)讓世界發(fā)生了不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化。我們重新走進(jìn)的企業(yè)、學(xué)校和其他工作場(chǎng)所,將不再是我們?nèi)ツ?月離開(kāi)的那個(gè)地方。

隨著各行各業(yè)迅速接受遠(yuǎn)程工作,并建立起基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來(lái)確保居家工作的員工保持生產(chǎn)力,新冠疫情促使這些原本就存在的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)進(jìn)一步加速。

我們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn),其中有許多進(jìn)展都相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)——員工可以在任何地方高效工作,再也無(wú)需忍受漫長(zhǎng)通勤和嘈雜的辦公室?guī)?lái)的痛苦。因此,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)踏上重啟之路,許多人正在設(shè)法讓這些臨時(shí)解決方案變得更加持久,并將其與更加“傳統(tǒng)的”工作形式結(jié)合在一起,以創(chuàng)造一種混合的工作環(huán)境。

這些新的混合型工作場(chǎng)所將為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造新的機(jī)會(huì),有助于我們創(chuàng)建比以往任何時(shí)候都更靈活、更高效、更容易接近的組織。但是,它們也會(huì)開(kāi)辟新的不確定性途徑,從而危及每個(gè)組織。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子對(duì)此心知肚明,并且正在尋找利用這些漏洞的方法。

混合模式的危險(xiǎn)

后疫情時(shí)代的工作場(chǎng)所將是一種新舊結(jié)合的混合體:?jiǎn)T工既能夠利用云技術(shù)在任何地方工作,同時(shí)還可以在必要時(shí)去辦公室上班。

然而,從網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的角度來(lái)看,這有可能演變成一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)。對(duì)那些完全利用遠(yuǎn)程方式工作的員工,企業(yè)能夠采用一種足以保護(hù)中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方式將其分割開(kāi)來(lái),但混合型員工每次返回辦公室并重新連接時(shí),都有可能攜帶他們不慎獲取的惡意軟件,從而將這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴露在更大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之下。

2020年,在圖謀不軌者發(fā)送的惡意軟件中,有61%是通過(guò)云應(yīng)用發(fā)送給遠(yuǎn)程工作者的。就在一個(gè)月前,每年處理資金高達(dá)1000億美元的加利福尼亞州主計(jì)長(zhǎng)辦公室(California State Controller’s Office)遭到電子郵件釣魚(yú)攻擊——黑客經(jīng)由一位員工獲得內(nèi)部文件的云訪(fǎng)問(wèn)權(quán),并利用這個(gè)啟動(dòng)點(diǎn)對(duì)另外9000名員工進(jìn)行釣魚(yú)式攻擊。

用它乘以數(shù)百名(或數(shù)千名)每周連接和重新連接中心網(wǎng)絡(luò)好幾次的員工,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)數(shù)百個(gè)(或數(shù)千個(gè))新載體。通過(guò)這些新載體,惡意行為者可以在你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中獲得立足點(diǎn),這就讓保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶(hù)和數(shù)據(jù)的任務(wù)變得更加復(fù)雜。

黑客嗅到了機(jī)會(huì)

在過(guò)去的12個(gè)月,新冠疫情,以及技術(shù)的采用、遠(yuǎn)程工作和對(duì)廣泛數(shù)字化服務(wù)的需求所帶來(lái)的種種混亂,創(chuàng)造了一場(chǎng)讓黑客大顯身手的完美風(fēng)暴。而且,隨著組織快速轉(zhuǎn)向新的混合型工作場(chǎng)所模式,再加上我們的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)這些數(shù)字技術(shù),黑客攻擊的規(guī)模、頻率和復(fù)雜性只會(huì)不斷增強(qiáng)。

這方面的典型例證是個(gè)人健康數(shù)據(jù)。國(guó)際征信巨頭益博睿(Experian)將一個(gè)人的醫(yī)療保健數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值定為1000美元。網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子知道這一點(diǎn)。而且,隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療蓬勃興起,人們對(duì)醫(yī)療物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備日益依賴(lài),黑客們感到有機(jī)會(huì)更容易地竊取敏感數(shù)據(jù),破壞關(guān)鍵的數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,并勒索贖金。其結(jié)果是:根據(jù)我公司的一項(xiàng)研究,在過(guò)去12個(gè)月,超過(guò)一半的醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供商遭受數(shù)據(jù)泄露,涉及的患者醫(yī)療記錄可能高達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)份。美國(guó)猶太保健集團(tuán)Northwell Health的首席信息安全官宣稱(chēng),她所在的部門(mén)是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的頭號(hào)目標(biāo)”。她還指出,“鑒于新冠疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái),遠(yuǎn)程工作者群體不斷壯大,這已經(jīng)成為一大挑戰(zhàn)?!?

這種情況將在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域重演。隨著工作場(chǎng)所轉(zhuǎn)型繼續(xù)在州和地方政府等部門(mén)蔓延,攻擊者正在發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多的目標(biāo),以及可供利用的漏洞。我們對(duì)虛擬系統(tǒng)的依賴(lài)意味著,黑客有能力造成前所未有的破壞,并以無(wú)數(shù)種新方式擾亂日常生活——同時(shí)也會(huì)要求越來(lái)越多的贖金。

這些威脅并不容易應(yīng)對(duì)。好消息是,現(xiàn)有的解決方案具有足夠的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性,可以管理越來(lái)越多的遠(yuǎn)程連接——無(wú)論這些連接來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)程員工、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備,還是來(lái)自學(xué)生——并且足夠成熟,能夠自動(dòng)識(shí)別和解決用戶(hù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)所面臨的越來(lái)越多的威脅。(我的公司Infoblox致力于幫助世界各地的組織擴(kuò)展和保護(hù)其數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。)

最重要的是,企業(yè)需要徹底評(píng)估自身的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全戰(zhàn)略,并確保它為這個(gè)新世界做好了準(zhǔn)備。即使軟件即服務(wù)(SaaS)解決方案迅速崛起,向云端遷移蔚然成風(fēng),對(duì)云安全解決方案的采用仍然大大滯后,向遠(yuǎn)程工作的轉(zhuǎn)換由此變得更加昂貴、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)重重、極其困難。從一開(kāi)始就進(jìn)行這些投資,可以讓工作場(chǎng)所更加順暢、更加安全地轉(zhuǎn)向混合型模式,從源頭上堵住有可能成為攻擊載體的漏洞。

但這些解決方案要充分發(fā)揮作用,也有賴(lài)于觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變。首席信息官(CIO)和首席信息安全官(CISO)現(xiàn)在需要在決策層占據(jù)一席之地,從而讓他們能夠在重啟計(jì)劃仍在制定之際,就幫助企業(yè)識(shí)別和應(yīng)對(duì)有可能成為威脅的潛在漏洞。是的,網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全不再是一個(gè)技術(shù)或IT問(wèn)題——它需要成為一個(gè)組織和運(yùn)營(yíng)的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。

我們正準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入的世界將由我們面臨的威脅來(lái)定義。只有那些現(xiàn)在就意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn),并且從一開(kāi)始就高度重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全(而不是在重啟計(jì)劃制定好之后才考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題)的企業(yè)才有望發(fā)展壯大。歡迎光臨新常態(tài)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

杰斯珀·安德森(Jesper Andersen)是Infoblox公司的首席執(zhí)行官。Infoblox是一家為1.2萬(wàn)家客戶(hù)提供核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)和安全服務(wù)的領(lǐng)先供應(yīng)商。

譯者:任文科

Spring is always a time of renewal, but never more so than this year. After our long winter of forced isolation, the increased accessibility of safe and effective vaccines has many looking forward to shutting off Zoom, putting on some real pants, and emerging to see friends and colleagues in person for the first time in more than a year. Normality, it seems, is just around the corner.

Yet the world has been irrevocably changed by the past year, and the businesses, schools, and other workplaces that we enter back into won’t be the same as the ones we left last March.

The pandemic accelerated long-standing trends in workplaces across sectors as companies quickly embraced remote work and stood up infrastructure to enable their employees to remain productive while working from home.

Today we are finding that many of these developments are pretty good—enabling employees to work and be productive from anywhere without the headaches of a commute or a noisy office. And so, as the economy begins to reopen, many are looking for ways to make these temporary solutions more permanent and merge them with more “traditional” forms of working to create a sort of hybrid work environment.

These new hybrid workplaces will create new opportunities for businesses and will allow us to create organizations that are more flexible, productive, and accessible than ever before. But they can also open up new avenues of uncertainty that could threaten every organization. And make no mistake—cybercriminals know this and are finding ways to take advantage of these vulnerabilities.

Dangers of the hybrid model

The post-pandemic workplace will be a hybrid of the old and the new, with employees taking advantage of cloud-based technologies to work from anywhere, while also maintaining the ability to go into an office as needed.

From a cybersecurity perspective, however, this has the potential to be a nightmare scenario. While completely remote workers can be segmented in a way that protects central networks, hybrid workers expose these networks to increased risk every time they return to the office and reconnect, potentially bringing with them malware they picked up.

In 2020, bad actors sent 61% of malware through cloud applications to target remote workers. Barely a month ago, the California State Controller’s Office, which handles $100 billion a year, suffered an email phishing attack on an employee that gave the hackers cloud access to internal documents and a launch point they used to phish another 9,000 employees.

Multiply this by hundreds (or thousands) of employees connecting and reconnecting a couple times each week and you have hundreds (or thousands) of new vectors through which malicious actors can gain a foothold in your network, making the task of securing a network, and the users and data that are on it, even more complex.

Hackers smell an opportunity

The pandemic and confusion around the adoption of technology, the remote workplace, and demand for widespread digitized services created a perfect storm that hackers have been exploiting over the past 12 months. And the scale, frequency, and sophistication of hacking are only going to grow as organizations further accelerate their transitions to new, hybrid workplace models, and our social and economic systems become increasingly dependent on these digital technologies.

A prime example of this is personal health data. Experian, the credit reporting agency, has pegged the value of an individual’s health care data at up to $1,000. Cybercriminals know this, and given the rise of telehealth and increased dependence on medical Internet of Things (IoT) devices, they sense the opportunity to more easily steal sensitive data and disrupt and hold ransom critical digital infrastructure. The result: Over half of health care providers suffered a data breach in the past 12 months, according to a study by my company, potentially exposing the records of millions of patients. The chief information security officer of Northwell Health called her sector the “No. 1 target for cybercrime” and noted, “It's become a challenge now with the expanded remote workforce that we've been living in since COVID-19."

This situation will be repeated across the economy. As workplace transformation continues to spread across sectors like state and local governments, attackers are finding a growing number of targets and vulnerabilities to exploit. And our dependence on virtual systems means that hackers have the ability to cause more havoc than ever before and to disrupt daily life in countless new ways—and to demand increasing amounts of ransom as well.

*****

Countering these threats won’t be easy. Solutions exist that are flexible and scalable enough to manage the growing number of remote connections—whether they come from remote employees, IoT devices, or students—and sophisticated enough to automatically identify and address the growing number of threats that users and networks face. (My company, Infoblox, helps organizations around the world extend and secure their digital infrastructure.)

Most importantly, companies need to thoroughly evaluate their cybersecurity strategy and make sure it is ready for this new world. Even with the rise of SaaS solutions and the widespread migration to the cloud, the adoption of cloud-based security solutions has lagged greatly, making the shift to remote work more costly, risky, and difficult. Making these investments at the outset can make the shift to a hybrid workplace smoother and more secure—sealing off possible vectors of attack before they are exploited.

But in order for these solutions to be fully effective, a shift in outlook is also necessary. CIOs and CISOs need a seat at the table now, while the plans to reopen are still being made, to help identify and plan around potential vulnerabilities before they become threats. Cybersecurity can no longer be a tech or IT problem—it needs to be an organizational and operational priority.

The world that we are preparing to enter will be defined by the threats we face. The companies that thrive in it will be the ones that recognize this now and make security an integral part of their plans from the beginning, not something that is considered after the plans have already been made. Welcome to our next “Normal.”

Jesper Andersen is the CEO of Infoblox, a leading provider of core networking and security services to more than 12,000 customers.

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專(zhuān)屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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