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關(guān)于“隱形奧密克戎”,我們需要知道這些

Andrew Marquardt
2022-01-28

BA.2變異毒株在美國的確診病例數(shù)仍然很低,但衛(wèi)生專家已經(jīng)開始加強監(jiān)測。

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美國還沒送走奧密克戎,又碰上了新變異毒株。

BA.2變異又稱“隱形奧密克戎”,在美國的確診病例數(shù)仍然很低,但衛(wèi)生專家已經(jīng)開始加強監(jiān)測。據(jù)華盛頓的媒體KOMO News報道,到目前為止,美國的BA.2感染病例不到100例,華盛頓州和得克薩斯州等地已經(jīng)確認出現(xiàn)這種變異毒株。

近幾周在歐洲和亞洲部分地區(qū),該新型變異毒株導(dǎo)致的確診病例逐漸增加。在丹麥,每天新增新冠確診病例總數(shù)約為40000例,其中“隱形奧密克戎”感染病例約占65%。截至1月21日,英國已經(jīng)確診426例BA.2感染病例。上周,英國衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局已經(jīng)將BA.2列為“正在調(diào)查的變種”。

“隱形奧密克戎”在歐洲擴散的跡象預(yù)示著,這種新變異毒株今后在美國的新增病例中可能將占據(jù)更大的比例。因此,我們有必要更深入了解“隱形奧密克戎”。

新變異毒株與奧密克戎有何不同?

根據(jù)英國衛(wèi)生安全局(U.K. Health Security Agency)的說法,與主流的奧密克戎BA.1毒株(“原始”奧密克戎)相比, BA.2亞型毒株——“隱形奧密克戎”缺少了一種突變,而這種突變正是PCR檢測識別奧密克戎的關(guān)鍵。

BA.1在“S”刺突基因中缺失了一個基因,原本醫(yī)生能夠依靠該特征通過PCR檢測快速識別病毒。根據(jù)英國衛(wèi)生安全局的數(shù)據(jù),BA.2不包含該段基因缺失,因此PCR檢測中很難將新變異陽性病例判定為奧密克戎感染。

但一些專家表示,這并不意味著常規(guī)新冠檢測驗不出新的亞型毒株,只是說PCR檢測呈陽性時,判斷是否屬于奧密克戎感染有難度。

瑞士巴塞爾大學(xué)(University of Basel)的計算生物學(xué)家科尼利厄斯·羅默在推特(Twitter)上寫道:“BA.2可以通過PCR檢測到,只是可能看起來不是BA.1(另一種奧密克戎變異)。感染BA.2的人檢測結(jié)果仍然會顯示陽性?,F(xiàn)在卻有謠傳稱BA.2無法檢測,挺令人失望。”

目前尚不清楚BA.2的突變危害有多大,以及對傳染性有何影響,但研究人員注意到,新變異與BA.1(原始奧密克戎)相比可能有超過28個突變。因此,一些人呼吁將該變異毒株單獨認定為新類型,并用希臘語字母命名。

無需過度擔(dān)心?

丹麥已經(jīng)檢測到大量“隱形奧密克戎”病例,早期報告顯示,與原始奧密克戎相比,新變異病例住院率不會增加。

上周,丹麥的國家傳染病研究中心國立血清研究所(Statens Serum Institut)在一份聲明中稱:“初步分析顯示,BA.2與BA.1導(dǎo)致的住院率沒有差異,估計新冠疫苗對預(yù)防BA.2重癥也有效果。"

但一些專家仍然表示,新變異引起了一些擔(dān)憂。雖然相關(guān)研究并未明確表明新變異的傳染性比奧密克戎更強(奧密克戎本身傳染性就比之前的新冠病毒厲害),但歐洲和亞洲的病例不斷增加還是引起了專家的警惕。

倫敦帝國理工學(xué)院(Imperial College of London)的病毒學(xué)家湯姆·皮科克于1月26日在推特上寫道:“BA.2在多個國家持續(xù)蔓延,某種程度上可能說明其傳染性比BA.1更強。”

皮科克沒有立即回復(fù)《財富》雜志置評的請求。

下一步應(yīng)該怎么做?

1月24日,世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)建議官員采取額外措施,以確定與原始奧密克戎相比,BA.2是否會帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。

世界衛(wèi)生組織寫道:“研究BA.2的免疫逃逸特性和毒性等特征,應(yīng)該優(yōu)先于BA.1 (相對而言)?!?/p>

至于美國的BA.2與原始奧密克戎傳染情況具體有何區(qū)別,只有時間能夠給出答案。

目前,BA.2的病例數(shù)仍然遠低于BA.1,美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)表示,將持續(xù)監(jiān)測該變異在國內(nèi)外傳播情況。

“盡管最近BA.2譜系在一些國家的病例中比例有所增加,但在美國以及全球流行病毒中的比例仍然很低。目前還沒有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)判定BA.2譜系是否比BA.1譜系傳染性更強,或者適應(yīng)能力更強?!泵绹膊】刂婆c預(yù)防中心的發(fā)言人克里斯汀·諾德倫德在給《華盛頓郵報》(The Washington Post)的一份聲明中說。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

美國還沒送走奧密克戎,又碰上了新變異毒株。

BA.2變異又稱“隱形奧密克戎”,在美國的確診病例數(shù)仍然很低,但衛(wèi)生專家已經(jīng)開始加強監(jiān)測。據(jù)華盛頓的媒體KOMO News報道,到目前為止,美國的BA.2感染病例不到100例,華盛頓州和得克薩斯州等地已經(jīng)確認出現(xiàn)這種變異毒株。

近幾周在歐洲和亞洲部分地區(qū),該新型變異毒株導(dǎo)致的確診病例逐漸增加。在丹麥,每天新增新冠確診病例總數(shù)約為40000例,其中“隱形奧密克戎”感染病例約占65%。截至1月21日,英國已經(jīng)確診426例BA.2感染病例。上周,英國衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局已經(jīng)將BA.2列為“正在調(diào)查的變種”。

“隱形奧密克戎”在歐洲擴散的跡象預(yù)示著,這種新變異毒株今后在美國的新增病例中可能將占據(jù)更大的比例。因此,我們有必要更深入了解“隱形奧密克戎”。

新變異毒株與奧密克戎有何不同?

根據(jù)英國衛(wèi)生安全局(U.K. Health Security Agency)的說法,與主流的奧密克戎BA.1毒株(“原始”奧密克戎)相比, BA.2亞型毒株——“隱形奧密克戎”缺少了一種突變,而這種突變正是PCR檢測識別奧密克戎的關(guān)鍵。

BA.1在“S”刺突基因中缺失了一個基因,原本醫(yī)生能夠依靠該特征通過PCR檢測快速識別病毒。根據(jù)英國衛(wèi)生安全局的數(shù)據(jù),BA.2不包含該段基因缺失,因此PCR檢測中很難將新變異陽性病例判定為奧密克戎感染。

但一些專家表示,這并不意味著常規(guī)新冠檢測驗不出新的亞型毒株,只是說PCR檢測呈陽性時,判斷是否屬于奧密克戎感染有難度。

瑞士巴塞爾大學(xué)(University of Basel)的計算生物學(xué)家科尼利厄斯·羅默在推特(Twitter)上寫道:“BA.2可以通過PCR檢測到,只是可能看起來不是BA.1(另一種奧密克戎變異)。感染BA.2的人檢測結(jié)果仍然會顯示陽性?,F(xiàn)在卻有謠傳稱BA.2無法檢測,挺令人失望。”

目前尚不清楚BA.2的突變危害有多大,以及對傳染性有何影響,但研究人員注意到,新變異與BA.1(原始奧密克戎)相比可能有超過28個突變。因此,一些人呼吁將該變異毒株單獨認定為新類型,并用希臘語字母命名。

無需過度擔(dān)心?

丹麥已經(jīng)檢測到大量“隱形奧密克戎”病例,早期報告顯示,與原始奧密克戎相比,新變異病例住院率不會增加。

上周,丹麥的國家傳染病研究中心國立血清研究所(Statens Serum Institut)在一份聲明中稱:“初步分析顯示,BA.2與BA.1導(dǎo)致的住院率沒有差異,估計新冠疫苗對預(yù)防BA.2重癥也有效果。"

但一些專家仍然表示,新變異引起了一些擔(dān)憂。雖然相關(guān)研究并未明確表明新變異的傳染性比奧密克戎更強(奧密克戎本身傳染性就比之前的新冠病毒厲害),但歐洲和亞洲的病例不斷增加還是引起了專家的警惕。

倫敦帝國理工學(xué)院(Imperial College of London)的病毒學(xué)家湯姆·皮科克于1月26日在推特上寫道:“BA.2在多個國家持續(xù)蔓延,某種程度上可能說明其傳染性比BA.1更強?!?/p>

皮科克沒有立即回復(fù)《財富》雜志置評的請求。

下一步應(yīng)該怎么做?

1月24日,世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)建議官員采取額外措施,以確定與原始奧密克戎相比,BA.2是否會帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。

世界衛(wèi)生組織寫道:“研究BA.2的免疫逃逸特性和毒性等特征,應(yīng)該優(yōu)先于BA.1 (相對而言)?!?/p>

至于美國的BA.2與原始奧密克戎傳染情況具體有何區(qū)別,只有時間能夠給出答案。

目前,BA.2的病例數(shù)仍然遠低于BA.1,美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)表示,將持續(xù)監(jiān)測該變異在國內(nèi)外傳播情況。

“盡管最近BA.2譜系在一些國家的病例中比例有所增加,但在美國以及全球流行病毒中的比例仍然很低。目前還沒有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)判定BA.2譜系是否比BA.1譜系傳染性更強,或者適應(yīng)能力更強。”美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心的發(fā)言人克里斯汀·諾德倫德在給《華盛頓郵報》(The Washington Post)的一份聲明中說。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

A new coronavirus variant has hit the U.S.

Case numbers of the so-called “stealth Omicron” variant remain low, but health experts are monitoring the emergence of a new strain in the country. So far, there are fewer than 100 confirmed cases of what scientists have named the BA.2 sub-variant in the U.S., according to reporting from Washington’s KOMO News. The strain has been positively identified in Washington and Texas, among others.

But in Europe and parts of Asia, the new variant has accounted for a growing number of cases in recent weeks. In Denmark—where daily COVID case totals are around 40,000—"stealth Omicron" has now been identified in around 65% of new infections. In the U.K., there were 426 confirmed cases of the new variant as of Jan. 21, prompting health authorities to classify BA.2 as “variant under investigation” last week.

If Europe is any indication, “stealth Omicron” could begin accounting for a larger percentage of cases in the U.S. So let’s take a deeper look at everything we know so far about “stealth Omicron,” the new coronavirus variant to arrive in the U.S.

How is it different from Omicron?

“Stealth Omicron,” or the the BA.2 sub-strain of coronavirus differs from the more dominant BA.1 Omicron strain (what we think of as “original” Omicron) because it lacks a mutation that made the initial strain possible to detect as Omicron in PCR tests, according to the U.K. Health Security Agency.

BA.1 contains a genetic deletion in the “S” spike gene, and allows for doctors to quickly identify and classify positive PCR tests as Omicron. BA.2 does not contain that genetic deletion, so it is harder to classify positive cases of the new variant as Omicron in PCR tests, according to the U.K. Health Security Agency.

But some experts say this does not mean the new sub-strain evades general detection in COVID tests. It just means it is harder to classify as Omicron when it appears in positive PCR tests.

“BA.2 is detectable by PCR…Depending on the PCR test used it may not look like BA.1 (the other Omicron). But it will still give a positive result," Cornelius Roemer, a computational biologist at Switzerland's University of Basel, wrote on Twitter. “[It's] frustrating to see falsehood about non-detectability still around."

It’s still unclear how much BA.2’s mutations impact it’s severity or transmissibility, but researchers have noted that the new variant may have upwards of 28 different mutations from BA.1, the original Omicron. As a result, some are calling for the new variant to be classified as its own variant, with its own Greek letter.

How worried should we be?

Early reports out of Denmark, where a large number of cases of stealth Omicron have been detected, suggest that the new variant does not cause an increase in hospitalization rates when compared to the original Omicron.

“Initial analysis shows no differences in hospitalizations for BA.2 compared to BA.1,” Denmark’s Statens Serum Institut, a government-run infectious disease research center, said in a statement?last week. “It is expected that vaccines also have an effect against severe illness upon BA.2 infection.”

But some experts still say the new variant presents some cause for concern. Research does not clearly show that the new variant is more transmissible than Omicron—which itself is more transmissible than previous coronavirus variants—but the rising case numbers in Europe and Asia have experts on alert.

"[Consistent] growth across multiple countries is evidence BA.2 may be some degree more transmissible than BA.1," Tom Peacock, a virologist from the Imperial College of London, tweeted on January 26.

Peacock did not immediately return Fortune’s request for further comment.

What's next?

On January 24, the World Health Organization recommended officials take additional measures to determine whether BA.2 poses new challenges compared to the original Omicron.

“Investigations into the characteristics of BA. 2, including immune escape properties and virulence, should be prioritized independently (and comparatively) to BA. 1,” the WHO wrote.

Only time will tell how BA.2 stacks up against the original Omicron in the U.S.

Case numbers are still far below the BA.1 Omicron strain, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it will continue to monitor the variant as it circulates in the U.S. and abroad.

“Although the BA.2 lineage has recently increased in proportion in some countries, it remains a very low proportion of circulating viruses in the United States and globally. Currently, there are insufficient data to determine whether the BA.2 lineage is more transmissible or has a fitness advantage over the BA.1 lineage,” said Kristen Nordlund, a CDC spokesperson, in a statement to The Washington Post.

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