為了逃離俄烏沖突,瑪麗亞·雅羅茨卡開著一輛菲亞特(Fiat)汽車,載著她的母親、女兒和狗,花了六天時(shí)間穿越歐洲,旅程的終點(diǎn)是葡萄牙的首都里斯本。然而與其他成千上萬跋涉2500英里前往葡萄牙的難民不同,她仍然能夠保住工作。
雅羅茨卡今年35歲,運(yùn)營著一家名為NEAR的區(qū)塊鏈企業(yè),其聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人是烏克蘭人,該公司正擴(kuò)大其在葡萄牙的業(yè)務(wù),并為逃離俄烏沖突的難民提供支持。
雅羅茨卡于上周在里斯本接受電話采訪時(shí)表示,她們一家暫時(shí)住在臨時(shí)住所,會(huì)繼續(xù)尋找更穩(wěn)定的住所。她還說:“我在這里有很多同事,他們會(huì)幫助我獲取居留資格,這樣我就可以留下來?!?/p>
與其他西歐國家一樣,葡萄牙也正在吸收大量涌入的難民,成為烏克蘭人的避難所。烏克蘭是加密貨幣產(chǎn)業(yè)中心,來自烏克蘭的加密貨幣從業(yè)者逃難到葡萄牙,發(fā)現(xiàn)這里比在其他歐洲國家更容易重新開始。其中一個(gè)原因是葡萄牙已經(jīng)迅速成為產(chǎn)業(yè)中心,數(shù)字貨幣收益零稅率、可負(fù)擔(dān)的生活成本和溫和的氣候相結(jié)合,吸引了一批加密貨幣擁護(hù)者。另一個(gè)原因是該國已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)成熟的烏克蘭社區(qū)。
在俄烏沖突爆發(fā)之前,烏克蘭人是葡萄牙第五大外籍人士群體。過去三周,葡萄牙政府批準(zhǔn)了一系列加快和簡(jiǎn)化逃離沖突難民的入境程序,并接收了13000多名烏克蘭難民。根據(jù)葡萄牙移民和邊境服務(wù)局(Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service)匯編的數(shù)據(jù),這與自2015年以來葡萄牙接收的難民總數(shù)大致相同。在葡萄牙的烏克蘭國民人數(shù)已經(jīng)從2021年的約27200人攀升至約40000人,成為該國第三大外籍人士群體。在外籍人士群體中,巴西人數(shù)量排名第一,其次是英國人。
在里斯本,當(dāng)局將體育館改造成接待中心,為數(shù)百名難民提供了臨時(shí)住房。市長卡洛斯·莫埃達(dá)斯稱,市政府官員還批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)旨在幫助烏克蘭難民尋找住房、工作、學(xué)校和醫(yī)療服務(wù)的計(jì)劃。
瓦倫丁·索托夫是一名軟件開發(fā)人員,他正在開發(fā)一款名為Amber的虛擬世界游戲,該游戲基于加密貨幣。今年2月底,他只帶著一個(gè)背包和一臺(tái)筆記本電腦就乘車逃離了烏克蘭的西部城市穆卡切沃,并且已經(jīng)期待著和他的兩位同事一起在辦公室外工作了,他們此行的目的地是葡萄牙的首都里斯本。這一過程并不容易:在入住愛彼迎(Airbnb)和另一個(gè)臨時(shí)住所后,他們正在尋找另一間公寓,然后發(fā)現(xiàn)事情很棘手。35歲的索托夫說:“對(duì)方要求我們必須有一年的合同、一位葡萄牙擔(dān)保人、稅號(hào),以及簽證。我們還不知道應(yīng)該怎么做,正在詢問我們的朋友?!?/p>
然而,即使目前狀況不明,生活也不太穩(wěn)定,索托夫仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)了機(jī)遇。
他說:“這里所有人都非常開放,哪國人都有?!彼魍蟹蛘J(rèn)為搬到葡萄牙“能夠讓我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)地方與眾多IT人員合作,從而為產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)造巨大的機(jī)會(huì)。”
今天,在里斯本隨處可以見到來自各行各業(yè)的數(shù)字貨幣愛好者,交流機(jī)會(huì)也更多。從一年一度的網(wǎng)絡(luò)峰會(huì)(世界上最大的技術(shù)會(huì)議之一)到每周在酒吧舉行的非正式聚會(huì),這些活動(dòng)都為數(shù)字貨幣愛好者提供機(jī)會(huì),討論加密貨幣的下一個(gè)大趨勢(shì)。
葡萄牙企業(yè)家還成立了少數(shù)獨(dú)角獸初創(chuàng)公司,或價(jià)值超過10億美元的私營公司。數(shù)字資產(chǎn)銀行Anchorage Digital的總部設(shè)在美國,在葡萄牙北部設(shè)有辦事處,是這些獨(dú)角獸創(chuàng)公司中最新的一家。葡萄牙人迪奧戈·莫尼卡是其聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司Indico Capital的總部位于里斯本,其目標(biāo)包括web3.0、金融科技、人工智能和數(shù)字公司。Indico Capital的管理合伙人斯蒂芬·莫雷斯表示:“在Telegram上,我是加密貨幣投資小組成員,我們已經(jīng)有250名工作者搬到葡萄牙或計(jì)劃搬到葡萄牙,他們來自世界各地?!?/p>
根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù),在過去十年中,居住在葡萄牙的外國居民人數(shù)上漲了40%,達(dá)到555299人。除了加密貨幣收益零稅率(除非被視為職業(yè)行為,否則出售加密貨幣產(chǎn)生的收益無需繳納個(gè)人所得稅),葡萄牙還對(duì)一些外國人的收入征收20%的固定稅或?qū)λ麄兊酿B(yǎng)老金征收10%的固定稅。
2021年,在政府強(qiáng)制要求西班牙公民申報(bào)加密貨幣資產(chǎn)以打擊稅務(wù)欺詐后,如今,甚至連氣候相似的鄰國西班牙的加密貨幣愛好者也開始越過邊境進(jìn)入葡萄牙。被問及葡萄牙加密貨幣規(guī)則的可能發(fā)生任何變化時(shí),葡萄牙財(cái)政部的一位女發(fā)言人拒絕發(fā)表評(píng)論,她表示新政府預(yù)計(jì)將在未來幾周內(nèi)接管葡萄牙。
西班牙城市比戈專門研究區(qū)塊鏈和加密貨幣立法的律師瑪麗亞·??怂固乩遵R多羅指出:“每三個(gè)來咨詢我的人中就有兩個(gè)離開西班牙,有很多人才離開西班牙前往葡萄牙?!?/p>
雖然葡萄牙歡迎烏克蘭人,成為許多烏克蘭人的避難所,但語言障礙和在陌生地方生活帶來種種的不便意味著他們可能需要一段時(shí)間才會(huì)有家的感覺。雅羅茨卡找到了住處,9歲的女兒已經(jīng)開始在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校上學(xué),這讓她慢慢體會(huì)到家的感覺。
雅羅茨卡本周在Telegram消息中說:“我過得還好,我女兒在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校上了兩天課,她很開心,我也終于找到了一間公寓,周一就搬過去?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
——克拉拉·埃爾南斯·利薩拉加對(duì)本文亦有貢獻(xiàn)。
譯者:ZHY
為了逃離俄烏沖突,瑪麗亞·雅羅茨卡開著一輛菲亞特(Fiat)汽車,載著她的母親、女兒和狗,花了六天時(shí)間穿越歐洲,旅程的終點(diǎn)是葡萄牙的首都里斯本。然而與其他成千上萬跋涉2500英里前往葡萄牙的難民不同,她仍然能夠保住工作。
雅羅茨卡今年35歲,運(yùn)營著一家名為NEAR的區(qū)塊鏈企業(yè),其聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人是烏克蘭人,該公司正擴(kuò)大其在葡萄牙的業(yè)務(wù),并為逃離俄烏沖突的難民提供支持。
雅羅茨卡于上周在里斯本接受電話采訪時(shí)表示,她們一家暫時(shí)住在臨時(shí)住所,會(huì)繼續(xù)尋找更穩(wěn)定的住所。她還說:“我在這里有很多同事,他們會(huì)幫助我獲取居留資格,這樣我就可以留下來?!?/p>
與其他西歐國家一樣,葡萄牙也正在吸收大量涌入的難民,成為烏克蘭人的避難所。烏克蘭是加密貨幣產(chǎn)業(yè)中心,來自烏克蘭的加密貨幣從業(yè)者逃難到葡萄牙,發(fā)現(xiàn)這里比在其他歐洲國家更容易重新開始。其中一個(gè)原因是葡萄牙已經(jīng)迅速成為產(chǎn)業(yè)中心,數(shù)字貨幣收益零稅率、可負(fù)擔(dān)的生活成本和溫和的氣候相結(jié)合,吸引了一批加密貨幣擁護(hù)者。另一個(gè)原因是該國已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)成熟的烏克蘭社區(qū)。
在俄烏沖突爆發(fā)之前,烏克蘭人是葡萄牙第五大外籍人士群體。過去三周,葡萄牙政府批準(zhǔn)了一系列加快和簡(jiǎn)化逃離沖突難民的入境程序,并接收了13000多名烏克蘭難民。根據(jù)葡萄牙移民和邊境服務(wù)局(Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service)匯編的數(shù)據(jù),這與自2015年以來葡萄牙接收的難民總數(shù)大致相同。在葡萄牙的烏克蘭國民人數(shù)已經(jīng)從2021年的約27200人攀升至約40000人,成為該國第三大外籍人士群體。在外籍人士群體中,巴西人數(shù)量排名第一,其次是英國人。
在里斯本,當(dāng)局將體育館改造成接待中心,為數(shù)百名難民提供了臨時(shí)住房。市長卡洛斯·莫埃達(dá)斯稱,市政府官員還批準(zhǔn)了一項(xiàng)旨在幫助烏克蘭難民尋找住房、工作、學(xué)校和醫(yī)療服務(wù)的計(jì)劃。
瓦倫丁·索托夫是一名軟件開發(fā)人員,他正在開發(fā)一款名為Amber的虛擬世界游戲,該游戲基于加密貨幣。今年2月底,他只帶著一個(gè)背包和一臺(tái)筆記本電腦就乘車逃離了烏克蘭的西部城市穆卡切沃,并且已經(jīng)期待著和他的兩位同事一起在辦公室外工作了,他們此行的目的地是葡萄牙的首都里斯本。這一過程并不容易:在入住愛彼迎(Airbnb)和另一個(gè)臨時(shí)住所后,他們正在尋找另一間公寓,然后發(fā)現(xiàn)事情很棘手。35歲的索托夫說:“對(duì)方要求我們必須有一年的合同、一位葡萄牙擔(dān)保人、稅號(hào),以及簽證。我們還不知道應(yīng)該怎么做,正在詢問我們的朋友?!?/p>
然而,即使目前狀況不明,生活也不太穩(wěn)定,索托夫仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)了機(jī)遇。
他說:“這里所有人都非常開放,哪國人都有?!彼魍蟹蛘J(rèn)為搬到葡萄牙“能夠讓我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)地方與眾多IT人員合作,從而為產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)造巨大的機(jī)會(huì)?!?/p>
今天,在里斯本隨處可以見到來自各行各業(yè)的數(shù)字貨幣愛好者,交流機(jī)會(huì)也更多。從一年一度的網(wǎng)絡(luò)峰會(huì)(世界上最大的技術(shù)會(huì)議之一)到每周在酒吧舉行的非正式聚會(huì),這些活動(dòng)都為數(shù)字貨幣愛好者提供機(jī)會(huì),討論加密貨幣的下一個(gè)大趨勢(shì)。
葡萄牙企業(yè)家還成立了少數(shù)獨(dú)角獸初創(chuàng)公司,或價(jià)值超過10億美元的私營公司。數(shù)字資產(chǎn)銀行Anchorage Digital的總部設(shè)在美國,在葡萄牙北部設(shè)有辦事處,是這些獨(dú)角獸創(chuàng)公司中最新的一家。葡萄牙人迪奧戈·莫尼卡是其聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。
風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資公司Indico Capital的總部位于里斯本,其目標(biāo)包括web3.0、金融科技、人工智能和數(shù)字公司。Indico Capital的管理合伙人斯蒂芬·莫雷斯表示:“在Telegram上,我是加密貨幣投資小組成員,我們已經(jīng)有250名工作者搬到葡萄牙或計(jì)劃搬到葡萄牙,他們來自世界各地?!?/p>
根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù),在過去十年中,居住在葡萄牙的外國居民人數(shù)上漲了40%,達(dá)到555299人。除了加密貨幣收益零稅率(除非被視為職業(yè)行為,否則出售加密貨幣產(chǎn)生的收益無需繳納個(gè)人所得稅),葡萄牙還對(duì)一些外國人的收入征收20%的固定稅或?qū)λ麄兊酿B(yǎng)老金征收10%的固定稅。
2021年,在政府強(qiáng)制要求西班牙公民申報(bào)加密貨幣資產(chǎn)以打擊稅務(wù)欺詐后,如今,甚至連氣候相似的鄰國西班牙的加密貨幣愛好者也開始越過邊境進(jìn)入葡萄牙。被問及葡萄牙加密貨幣規(guī)則的可能發(fā)生任何變化時(shí),葡萄牙財(cái)政部的一位女發(fā)言人拒絕發(fā)表評(píng)論,她表示新政府預(yù)計(jì)將在未來幾周內(nèi)接管葡萄牙。
西班牙城市比戈專門研究區(qū)塊鏈和加密貨幣立法的律師瑪麗亞·??怂固乩遵R多羅指出:“每三個(gè)來咨詢我的人中就有兩個(gè)離開西班牙,有很多人才離開西班牙前往葡萄牙。”
雖然葡萄牙歡迎烏克蘭人,成為許多烏克蘭人的避難所,但語言障礙和在陌生地方生活帶來種種的不便意味著他們可能需要一段時(shí)間才會(huì)有家的感覺。雅羅茨卡找到了住處,9歲的女兒已經(jīng)開始在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校上學(xué),這讓她慢慢體會(huì)到家的感覺。
雅羅茨卡本周在Telegram消息中說:“我過得還好,我女兒在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校上了兩天課,她很開心,我也終于找到了一間公寓,周一就搬過去。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
——克拉拉·埃爾南斯·利薩拉加對(duì)本文亦有貢獻(xiàn)。
譯者:ZHY
Maria Yarotska drove for six days across Europe in a Fiat with her mother, daughter and dog to escape the war in Ukraine, ending her journey in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. Yet unlike the thousands of refugees who made the 2,500-mile road trip to continental Europe’s westernmost country, she will still be able to keep her job.
That’s because the 35-year-old’s employer—a blockchain effort called NEAR with a Ukrainian co-founder—is expanding its presence in Portugal and has become a supporter of refugees fleeing the war.
“I have a lot of colleagues here,” Yarotska said in a telephone interview last week from Lisbon, where she was staying in temporary housing before finding a more permanent place to live. “They'll help me legalize my documents so I can stay.”
Like other western European countries that have become havens for Ukrainians fleeing Russia’s invasion, Portugal, too, is absorbing an influx of refugees. But crypto workers from Ukraine, which had established itself as an industry hub, may find it easier to start over in Portugal than in other European destinations. One reason is that Portugal is already fast becoming a hub of its own, with zero-percent taxes on digital-currency gains, affordable living costs and mild temperatures combining to attract a cadre of crypto adherents there. Another is that the country is already home to an established community of Ukrainians.
Before Russia’s invasion, Ukrainians were the fifth-largest group of foreign nationals in Portugal. In the past three weeks, the country received more than 13,000 Ukrainian refugees after the government approved measures to speed up and simplify the entry process of those fleeing the war. That's about the same as the total number of refugees that arrived in Portugal since 2015, according to data compiled by the Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service, or SEF. As a result, the number of Ukrainian nationals in Portugal has climbed to about 40,000 from about 27,200 in 2021, making it the nation’s third-largest group of ex-pats. Brazilians are No. 1, followed by the British.
In Lisbon, authorities are providing temporary housing for hundreds of refugees at a sports hall that has been turned into a reception center. City officials have also approved a plan to help find housing, jobs, schools and health care for Ukrainian refugees, according to Mayor Carlos Moedas.
Valentin Sotov, a software developer who is working on a crypto-based metaverse game called Amber, fled western Ukraine’s city of Mukachevo by car with only a backpack and a laptop at the end of February, and is already looking forward to working out of an office with the two colleagues who made the trip to Lisbon with him. It hasn’t been easy: After staying in an Airbnb and another temporary spot, they are looking for another apartment and finding it tricky. “You have to have a contract for a year, and you need to have a Portuguese guarantor, and you need to have a tax number and a visa,” Sotov, 35, said. “We don't know what to do yet, we are asking our friends."
And yet even in his precarious situation, Sotov perceives opportunity.
“All the people here are very open, it’s a parade of nations,” Sotov said. He sees the move to Portugal as “a big opportunity for our product, because we can work with a lot of IT people in one place.”
Today, the presence of digital currency enthusiasts from all walks of life is palpable in Lisbon, where networking opportunities abound. These range from the annual Web Summit, one of the world’s biggest technology conferences, to weekly informal gatherings at bars to discuss the next big trend in crypto.
Portuguese entrepreneurs have also succeeded in building a handful of unicorn startups, or privately held companies worth more than $1 billion. Anchorage Digital, a U.S.-based digital asset bank with offices in northern Portugal, is the latest of these unicorns and was co-founded by Diogo Monica, a Portuguese national.
“I’m part of a crypto investors’ group on Telegram with 250 foreigners who have moved or plan to move to Portugal,” said Stephan Morais, managing partner and Lisbon-based venture capital firm Indico Capital, whose targets include web3, fintech, artificial intelligence and digital companies. “They’re coming from all over the world.”
The number of foreign residents living in Portugal rose 40% over the past decade to 555,299 people, according to the National Statistics Institute. On top of the zero percent tax on crypto gains (gains resulting from the sale of cryptocurrencies are not subject to personal income tax unless they are considered a professional activity), Portugal also offers some foreigners a flat 20% tax on their income or a flat 10% tax on their pensions.
Today, even crypto aficionados from neighboring Spain, which shares a similar climate, started crossing the border into Portugal after their government last year made it mandatory for Spanish citizens to declare their crypto holdings in an effort to combat tax fraud. A spokeswoman at Portugal’s finance ministry declined to comment on any possible changes to the crypto rules in Portugal, where a new government is expected to take over in coming weeks.
“Two out of every three people who come to consult me leave,” said Maria Extremadouro, a lawyer in the Spanish city of Vigo, who specializes in block chain and crypto legislation. “There’s lots of talent leaving for Portugal.”
While Portugal is a welcome refuge for many Ukrainians, language barriers and the related everyday obstacles of being in an unfamiliar place mean it may be a while before it feels like home. For her part, Yarotska is getting there: She found a place to live and her 9-year-old daughter has already started classes at a local school.
"I think it's safe to say I'm fine," Yarotska said in a Telegram message this week. "My daughter had her second day at local school (she loves it), and I finally found an apartment, we are moving in on Monday."
--With assistance from Clara Hernanz Lizarraga.