由于上海市在全民核酸檢測(cè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了“大量”新冠肺炎感染病例,因此上海市政府在3月27日的晚些時(shí)候,突然對(duì)2600萬(wàn)居民采取分區(qū)封城措施。
作為中國(guó)的金融中心,上海市將以黃浦江為界實(shí)行分區(qū)封城,持續(xù)9天時(shí)間,由醫(yī)護(hù)人員分階段開(kāi)展核酸篩查。
位于上海市東部的居民已經(jīng)開(kāi)始居家隔離,包括網(wǎng)約車(chē)在內(nèi)的所有公共交通暫停營(yíng)運(yùn),許多企業(yè)和工廠(chǎng)也已經(jīng)停產(chǎn)或遠(yuǎn)程辦公。而黃浦江對(duì)岸的居民正在努力囤積物資,迎接即將到來(lái)的封城。在中國(guó)堅(jiān)持動(dòng)態(tài)清零政策的大背景下,這種場(chǎng)景日益普遍。
隨著奧密克戎變異毒株的病例增加,為了應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情,深圳、東莞、長(zhǎng)春和沈陽(yáng)等城市已經(jīng)執(zhí)行了短期封城。未來(lái)可能會(huì)有更多的地區(qū)實(shí)行封城措施,因?yàn)橹袊?guó)政府似乎有意繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行疫情防控。
美國(guó)銀行(Bank of America)的分析師于3月28日在客戶(hù)報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道:“盡管面臨大規(guī)模奧密克戎疫情帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn),但中國(guó)在近期內(nèi)不可能取消動(dòng)態(tài)清零政策。”
上海居民要面對(duì)不斷增多的病例,還要承受因?yàn)榉獬嵌鴮?dǎo)致的收入減少,與此同時(shí),全球經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)感受到了上海封城所引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng),從大宗商品的價(jià)格到電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)都受到了影響。
油價(jià)暫時(shí)下跌
上海封城的消息傳出后,引發(fā)了人們對(duì)中國(guó)石油需求下降的擔(dān)憂(yōu),因?yàn)橹袊?guó)是全球最大的原油進(jìn)口國(guó),3月28日,油價(jià)下跌8%。
3月28日中午之前,國(guó)際基準(zhǔn)原油布倫特原油的價(jià)格下跌超過(guò)6%,跌至約112美元/桶,西得克薩斯中質(zhì)油的跌幅更大,跌破106美元/桶。
油價(jià)下跌給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)了一絲安慰,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的汽油價(jià)格依舊接近歷史新高,而且有專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng),目前的油價(jià)下跌只是暫時(shí)性的。
在線(xiàn)銀行瑞訊銀行(Swissquote)的高級(jí)分析師伊佩克·奧茲卡戴斯卡亞通過(guò)電子郵件告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“為應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情而執(zhí)行的最新停工措施,預(yù)計(jì)只是油價(jià)長(zhǎng)期上漲過(guò)程中的小插曲。封城對(duì)中期石油需求的影響必定有限,而供應(yīng)緊張問(wèn)題將給油價(jià)帶來(lái)巨大的上行壓力,尤其是沙特與胡塞武裝之間的沖突加劇了石油供應(yīng)問(wèn)題。
瑞銀全球財(cái)富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費(fèi)勒在3月28日發(fā)布的一篇報(bào)告中表示,他認(rèn)為中國(guó)正在竭盡所能減少封城對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,同時(shí)全球市場(chǎng)正在努力替換俄羅斯的石油供應(yīng),因此油價(jià)依舊會(huì)高居不下。
“自俄烏沖突爆發(fā)以來(lái),制裁和供應(yīng)中斷導(dǎo)致局勢(shì)充滿(mǎn)了不確定性。我們認(rèn)為,俄羅斯是一個(gè)重要的能源生產(chǎn)國(guó),其他國(guó)家很難找到替代者?!焙谫M(fèi)勒寫(xiě)道?!半m然上海封城的消息在市場(chǎng)上產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響,但如果迅速采取的短期限制措施行之有效,市場(chǎng)依舊可能反彈。目前大宗商品仍然面臨價(jià)格上行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!?/p>
工廠(chǎng)停工,“閉環(huán)”管理
上海封城導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)氐脑S多工廠(chǎng)暫時(shí)停工,但當(dāng)局已經(jīng)在竭盡全力避免生產(chǎn)延誤,包括在工廠(chǎng)實(shí)行“閉環(huán)”管理,即允許部分工廠(chǎng)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行,不過(guò)工人不能離開(kāi)廠(chǎng)區(qū),并且需要遵守新冠檢測(cè)規(guī)定。
3月28日,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卣囊?,特斯拉(Tesla)的上海超級(jí)工廠(chǎng)的組裝線(xiàn)被迫停工,這種情況可能要持續(xù)到3月31日,導(dǎo)致該工廠(chǎng)的日產(chǎn)量臨時(shí)減少約2000輛。
但通用汽車(chē)(GM)和大眾公司(Volkswagen)等企業(yè)的上海工廠(chǎng)將繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng),而且iPhone的供應(yīng)商和碩(Pegatron)和中國(guó)最大的芯片廠(chǎng)商中芯國(guó)際集成電路制造有限公司的工廠(chǎng)也可以繼續(xù)開(kāi)工。
美國(guó)銀行表示,如果封城時(shí)間較短,并且不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到全國(guó),那么制造業(yè)受到的影響就將是“可控的”,但中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)和消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域受到的影響可能較為嚴(yán)重。
美國(guó)銀行的分析師寫(xiě)道:“即使再次零星爆發(fā)短期疫情也會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域造成嚴(yán)重沖擊,并且在新冠疫情結(jié)束之后的幾個(gè)月內(nèi),都會(huì)繼續(xù)影響消費(fèi)者的信心?!?/p>
物流中斷
上海的封城措施已經(jīng)給全市的供應(yīng)鏈和物流運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)了巨大的壓力。
雖然上海港口和浦東機(jī)場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)開(kāi)放,但上海市的卡車(chē)司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們很難甚至根本無(wú)法獲得允許卸貨的車(chē)輛通行證,導(dǎo)致這座城市的物流運(yùn)輸出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。
Fibs Logistics的大中華區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人托馬斯·格羅嫩在3月28日對(duì)媒體《The Loadstar》表示,未來(lái)幾天,上海各港口和中國(guó)最大的貨運(yùn)機(jī)場(chǎng)浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的貨物往返轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)“幾乎是不可能的”。
總部位于英國(guó)的物流公司W(wǎng)oodlands Group在一份聲明中稱(chēng):“卡車(chē)運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)受到了嚴(yán)重影響,導(dǎo)致準(zhǔn)備今天裝船的大批貨物無(wú)法運(yùn)輸?shù)礁劭凇!?/p>
為了避開(kāi)上海周邊的供應(yīng)鏈混亂,物流公司紛紛選擇附近的寧波港甚至更遠(yuǎn)的青島港,但全球消費(fèi)者或許能夠感受到上海供應(yīng)鏈混亂所產(chǎn)生的影響。
但澳新銀行集團(tuán)(Australia & New Zealand Banking Group)的大中華區(qū)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家楊宇霆對(duì)彭博社(Bloomberg)表示,只要上海的封城時(shí)間不超過(guò)幾周時(shí)間,中國(guó)就有希望限制供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)艿降挠绊?。(?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
由于上海市在全民核酸檢測(cè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了“大量”新冠肺炎感染病例,因此上海市政府在3月27日的晚些時(shí)候,突然對(duì)2600萬(wàn)居民采取分區(qū)封城措施。
作為中國(guó)的金融中心,上海市將以黃浦江為界實(shí)行分區(qū)封城,持續(xù)9天時(shí)間,由醫(yī)護(hù)人員分階段開(kāi)展核酸篩查。
位于上海市東部的居民已經(jīng)開(kāi)始居家隔離,包括網(wǎng)約車(chē)在內(nèi)的所有公共交通暫停營(yíng)運(yùn),許多企業(yè)和工廠(chǎng)也已經(jīng)停產(chǎn)或遠(yuǎn)程辦公。而黃浦江對(duì)岸的居民正在努力囤積物資,迎接即將到來(lái)的封城。在中國(guó)堅(jiān)持動(dòng)態(tài)清零政策的大背景下,這種場(chǎng)景日益普遍。
隨著奧密克戎變異毒株的病例增加,為了應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情,深圳、東莞、長(zhǎng)春和沈陽(yáng)等城市已經(jīng)執(zhí)行了短期封城。未來(lái)可能會(huì)有更多的地區(qū)實(shí)行封城措施,因?yàn)橹袊?guó)政府似乎有意繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行疫情防控。
美國(guó)銀行(Bank of America)的分析師于3月28日在客戶(hù)報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道:“盡管面臨大規(guī)模奧密克戎疫情帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn),但中國(guó)在近期內(nèi)不可能取消動(dòng)態(tài)清零政策。”
上海居民要面對(duì)不斷增多的病例,還要承受因?yàn)榉獬嵌鴮?dǎo)致的收入減少,與此同時(shí),全球經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)感受到了上海封城所引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng),從大宗商品的價(jià)格到電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的生產(chǎn)都受到了影響。
油價(jià)暫時(shí)下跌
上海封城的消息傳出后,引發(fā)了人們對(duì)中國(guó)石油需求下降的擔(dān)憂(yōu),因?yàn)橹袊?guó)是全球最大的原油進(jìn)口國(guó),3月28日,油價(jià)下跌8%。
3月28日中午之前,國(guó)際基準(zhǔn)原油布倫特原油的價(jià)格下跌超過(guò)6%,跌至約112美元/桶,西得克薩斯中質(zhì)油的跌幅更大,跌破106美元/桶。
油價(jià)下跌給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)了一絲安慰,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的汽油價(jià)格依舊接近歷史新高,而且有專(zhuān)家警告稱(chēng),目前的油價(jià)下跌只是暫時(shí)性的。
在線(xiàn)銀行瑞訊銀行(Swissquote)的高級(jí)分析師伊佩克·奧茲卡戴斯卡亞通過(guò)電子郵件告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“為應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情而執(zhí)行的最新停工措施,預(yù)計(jì)只是油價(jià)長(zhǎng)期上漲過(guò)程中的小插曲。封城對(duì)中期石油需求的影響必定有限,而供應(yīng)緊張問(wèn)題將給油價(jià)帶來(lái)巨大的上行壓力,尤其是沙特與胡塞武裝之間的沖突加劇了石油供應(yīng)問(wèn)題。
瑞銀全球財(cái)富管理(UBS Global Wealth Management)的首席投資官馬克·黑費(fèi)勒在3月28日發(fā)布的一篇報(bào)告中表示,他認(rèn)為中國(guó)正在竭盡所能減少封城對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,同時(shí)全球市場(chǎng)正在努力替換俄羅斯的石油供應(yīng),因此油價(jià)依舊會(huì)高居不下。
“自俄烏沖突爆發(fā)以來(lái),制裁和供應(yīng)中斷導(dǎo)致局勢(shì)充滿(mǎn)了不確定性。我們認(rèn)為,俄羅斯是一個(gè)重要的能源生產(chǎn)國(guó),其他國(guó)家很難找到替代者?!焙谫M(fèi)勒寫(xiě)道?!半m然上海封城的消息在市場(chǎng)上產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響,但如果迅速采取的短期限制措施行之有效,市場(chǎng)依舊可能反彈。目前大宗商品仍然面臨價(jià)格上行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?!?/p>
工廠(chǎng)停工,“閉環(huán)”管理
上海封城導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)氐脑S多工廠(chǎng)暫時(shí)停工,但當(dāng)局已經(jīng)在竭盡全力避免生產(chǎn)延誤,包括在工廠(chǎng)實(shí)行“閉環(huán)”管理,即允許部分工廠(chǎng)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行,不過(guò)工人不能離開(kāi)廠(chǎng)區(qū),并且需要遵守新冠檢測(cè)規(guī)定。
3月28日,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卣囊?,特斯拉(Tesla)的上海超級(jí)工廠(chǎng)的組裝線(xiàn)被迫停工,這種情況可能要持續(xù)到3月31日,導(dǎo)致該工廠(chǎng)的日產(chǎn)量臨時(shí)減少約2000輛。
但通用汽車(chē)(GM)和大眾公司(Volkswagen)等企業(yè)的上海工廠(chǎng)將繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng),而且iPhone的供應(yīng)商和碩(Pegatron)和中國(guó)最大的芯片廠(chǎng)商中芯國(guó)際集成電路制造有限公司的工廠(chǎng)也可以繼續(xù)開(kāi)工。
美國(guó)銀行表示,如果封城時(shí)間較短,并且不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到全國(guó),那么制造業(yè)受到的影響就將是“可控的”,但中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)和消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域受到的影響可能較為嚴(yán)重。
美國(guó)銀行的分析師寫(xiě)道:“即使再次零星爆發(fā)短期疫情也會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域造成嚴(yán)重沖擊,并且在新冠疫情結(jié)束之后的幾個(gè)月內(nèi),都會(huì)繼續(xù)影響消費(fèi)者的信心?!?/p>
物流中斷
上海的封城措施已經(jīng)給全市的供應(yīng)鏈和物流運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)了巨大的壓力。
雖然上海港口和浦東機(jī)場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)開(kāi)放,但上海市的卡車(chē)司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們很難甚至根本無(wú)法獲得允許卸貨的車(chē)輛通行證,導(dǎo)致這座城市的物流運(yùn)輸出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。
Fibs Logistics的大中華區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人托馬斯·格羅嫩在3月28日對(duì)媒體《The Loadstar》表示,未來(lái)幾天,上海各港口和中國(guó)最大的貨運(yùn)機(jī)場(chǎng)浦東國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的貨物往返轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)“幾乎是不可能的”。
總部位于英國(guó)的物流公司W(wǎng)oodlands Group在一份聲明中稱(chēng):“卡車(chē)運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)受到了嚴(yán)重影響,導(dǎo)致準(zhǔn)備今天裝船的大批貨物無(wú)法運(yùn)輸?shù)礁劭??!?/p>
為了避開(kāi)上海周邊的供應(yīng)鏈混亂,物流公司紛紛選擇附近的寧波港甚至更遠(yuǎn)的青島港,但全球消費(fèi)者或許能夠感受到上海供應(yīng)鏈混亂所產(chǎn)生的影響。
但澳新銀行集團(tuán)(Australia & New Zealand Banking Group)的大中華區(qū)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家楊宇霆對(duì)彭博社(Bloomberg)表示,只要上海的封城時(shí)間不超過(guò)幾周時(shí)間,中國(guó)就有希望限制供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)艿降挠绊?。(?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Shanghai authorities began a snap lockdown of the city’s 26 million residents late on March 27 after mass testing found "large-scale" COVID-19 infections throughout the financial hub.
The two-stage lockdown will split Shanghai along the Huangpu River for nine days to allow for "staggered" testing by healthcare workers.
Residents on the eastern side of Shanghai have already been confined to their homes as public transportation, including ride-hailing services, have been halted, while many firms and factories have suspended manufacturing or are working remotely. Across the river, residents are scrambling to secure supplies for the upcoming lockdown in a scene that has become increasingly common under China’s Zero-COVID policy.
Cities including Shenzhen, Dongguan, Changchun, and Shenyang have already faced strict, but short-lived lockdowns in China’s ongoing battle against rising Omicron cases. And more lockdowns could be possible moving forward, as authorities seem intent on maintaining strict restrictions in the country.
“China is unlikely to give up on its Zero Covid policy in the near term, despite challenges from the large Omicron wave,” Bank of America analysts wrote in a note to clients on March 28.
While Shanghai residents grapple with rising COVID-19 cases and lost wages from the city’s lockdown, the global economy is already seeing knock-on effects in everything from commodity prices to electric vehicle production.
Oil prices retreat—for now
Oil prices retreated as much as 8% on March 28 after news of Shanghai’s lockdown spurred fears about declining demand for oil from China, the world’s biggest crude importer.
Brent crude oil, the international benchmark, pared losses to trade down over 6% at around $112 per barrel by mid-day on March 28, while West Texas Intermediate crude sank even further, falling to under $106 per barrel.
The fall in the price of oil offers a glimmer of relief for consumers, as U.S. gasoline prices remain near record highs, but experts warn the current downward pricing trend may be short-lived.
“The new shutdown measures due to covid are expected to be short-term road bumps on a long up-trending road,” Ipek Ozkardeskaya, a senior analyst at the online bank Swissquote told Fortune via email. “The impact of the lockdowns on medium-term oil demand will certainly remain limited, whereas the tight supply concerns—which are amplified by the tensions in Saudi Arabia with the Houthi rebels—should keep oil prices under decent positive pressure.”
Mark Haefele, UBS Global Wealth Management’s chief investment officer, said in a note to clients on March 28 that he believes oil prices will remain elevated as China does all it can to minimize the economic impact of lockdowns and the global market struggles to replace Russian supply.
“Since the start of the war in Ukraine, sanctions and supply disruptions have kept the situation highly fluid. In our view, Russia is a significant energy producer that cannot be easily replaced by others,” Haefele wrote. “While the markets took the announcement negatively, a recovery remains likely if the short and swift restrictions prove effective. Risks to commodity prices remain skewed to the upside for now.”
Factory shutdowns, “closed-loop” systems
A number of factories in Shanghai have been closed temporarily as a result of the city’s lockdown, but authorities have done their best to prevent production delays by instituting “closed-loop” systems that will let some factories remain open as long as workers are confined to factory campuses and adhere to COVID-19 testing protocols.
Still, Tesla’s Shanghai gigafactory was forced to halt assembly lines at authorities’ request on March 28 and will likely remain closed through March 31, leading to a temporary loss of the factory’s daily production of around 2,000 cars.
But companies like GM and Volkswagen will continue to operate their Shanghai plants, while the iPhone supplier Pegatron and China’s largest chipmaker Semiconductor Manufacturing International have also been able to keep factories running.
Bank of America said the impact on manufacturing may be “manageable” if lockdowns are kept short and don’t spread throughout the country, but damage to China’s services sector and consumer consumption could be more significant.
“Even a sporadic and short-live Covid resurgence could bring notable shocks to consumption, and continue to weigh on consumer confidence for months after the Covid wave subsides,” Bank of America analysts wrote.
Logistics nightmares
Shanghai’s COVID-19 lockdown has already put significant pressure on supply chains and logistics operations around the city.
While Shanghai’s ports and the Pudong airport will remain open despite the lockdown, truckers around Shanghai are finding it difficult if not impossible to secure vehicle passes that allow them to unload their cargo in an ongoing logistics nightmare in the city.
Transfers to and from the city’s ports as well as to Pudong International Airport—China’s leading cargo airport—will be “nearly impossible” over the coming days, Thomas Gronen, head of the greater China region at Fibs Logistics, told The Loadstar on March 28.
“There is a significant disruption to truck movements already…leaving a large part of the cargo ready for loading today unable to be transported to the port,” UK-headquartered logistics provider Woodlands Group said in a statement.
Logistics companies are switching to the nearby Ningbo port or even the much further Qingdao port in an attempt to prevent supply chain chaos around Shanghai, but consumers worldwide will likely feel the impact of Shanghai’s supply chain turmoil.
China can, however, likely limit the damage to supply chains as long as lockdowns don’t persist past the next few weeks, Raymond Yeung, chief economist for Greater China at Australia & New Zealand Banking Group, told Bloomberg.