新冠疫情死亡率已經(jīng)成為了明日黃花,在疫情爆發(fā)兩年多之后,美國民眾似乎終于可以嘆口氣了。得益于疫苗,新冠病毒感染的死亡或住院風險得以大幅降低。
然而專家稱,在摘掉口罩之前,還有很多事情需要考慮。一種涵蓋一系列癥狀的新慢性病——長期新冠肺炎(Long COVID),在最初的新冠感染治愈后會持續(xù)很長一段時間。
美國政府問責局(U.S. Government Accountability Office)稱,長期新冠肺炎可能已經(jīng)影響了700萬-2300萬此前感染了該病毒的美國民眾,占美國人口的比例高達7%。
至于有多少人患上了長期新冠肺炎,不同的調(diào)查之間存在著巨大的差距,跨度范圍達到了新冠感染幸存者的10%-80%。賓州醫(yī)學院(Penn State College)研究人員去年稱,超過半數(shù)的新冠幸存者稱癥狀在6個月之后依然存在。
新冠疫情研究人員、藥物研發(fā)公司Fractal Therapeutics的首席執(zhí)行官阿里吉特·查克拉瓦提表示,我們對這個病情還不是很了解,但它在數(shù)年內(nèi)便可影響全球10多億人口。專家稱,長期新冠肺炎正迅速成為一個首要的公共健康問題,已經(jīng)讓初級護理醫(yī)師感到焦頭爛額。
約翰霍普金斯大學肺部與危重癥醫(yī)學部門(Johns Hopkins’ Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine)副教授帕納吉斯·加利亞薩托斯博士致力于治療長期新冠肺炎病患,他說:“大家將所有注意力放在了死亡率上面,而沒有太多地關(guān)注發(fā)病率和生活質(zhì)量的下降。我認為我們需要更多關(guān)注如何預防感染任何病毒或相關(guān)問題?!?
難以界定的病癥
那么,長期新冠肺炎到底是什么???
研究人員依然在嘗試弄清楚這個問題。因此,這取決于你詢問的對象是誰。
世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)對長期新冠肺炎的定義是:一種在新冠病毒感染病患上出現(xiàn)的病癥,其癥狀無法用其他疾病來解釋,而且會持續(xù)兩個月甚至更長的時間。世衛(wèi)組織稱,這些癥狀會在最初發(fā)作之后持續(xù)很長的時間,或者在一段時間內(nèi)反復。世衛(wèi)組織還表示,長期新冠肺炎的診斷通常只有在急性發(fā)病三個月之后才能做出。
梅奧診所(Mayo Clinic)將長期新冠肺炎定義為一系列源于新冠感染的癥狀,在確診之后會持續(xù)超過4周的時間。
在現(xiàn)實中,長期新冠肺炎有可能是一種結(jié)合了多種問題和癥狀的涵蓋性術(shù)語:那些患有長期新冠肺炎、能夠持續(xù)傳播疾病的病患,那些新冠感染后遺癥在數(shù)周后消失的病患,以及自身患有長期新冠肺炎的病患,在這種情況下,病患并不具有傳染性,但所有癥狀持續(xù)的時間要長的多。
此外,那些病情異常嚴重需要重癥監(jiān)護室護理的新冠感肺炎患者可能會出現(xiàn)重癥監(jiān)護室后綜合征,例如肌無力、氣短、認知問題、焦慮和抑郁,這些癥狀看起來也非常像長期新冠肺炎,但實際上不是,這讓長期新冠肺炎變得更難診斷,加利亞薩托斯說道。這些問題可能會因無法出行期限的延長,通風設備的使用以及其他創(chuàng)傷性醫(yī)療事件而發(fā)生。
他說:“在我看來,長期新冠肺炎患者會出現(xiàn)乏力、胸部不適、認知問題,這些都無法用其他病癥來解釋?!?/p>
然而,癥狀可能比這個還要多,而且是多得多,這一點取決于病患自身的情況。加利亞薩托斯表示,長期新冠肺炎可能涉及多種毫無頭緒的癥狀,這些癥狀會因病毒感染器官系統(tǒng)的不同而發(fā)生變化。
他說:“大腦控制情緒,精神健康和認知,以及痛覺等感覺。因此,當某一個器官系統(tǒng)受到感染時,會出現(xiàn)焦慮、抑郁、認知問題和頭痛癥狀。”
然而,另一個器官系統(tǒng),例如肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng),可能會導致不同的癥狀,例如骨骼疼痛或灼燒感、胸悶、關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和肌肉痙攣。
英國醫(yī)療期刊《柳葉刀》7月發(fā)布的一篇重要調(diào)查顯示,大多數(shù)小病痛——從耳朵麻木、“極度煩躁”到幻覺等,似乎都可能成為長期新冠肺炎的癥狀。
該調(diào)查在10種器官系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了200多種潛在的長期新冠肺炎癥狀,有66種癥狀通常會持續(xù)超過7個月的時間。研究人員調(diào)查了近60個國家近4000名已確診或疑似長期新冠肺炎患者,這些人的病痛都持續(xù)了一個月或更長的時間。
加利亞薩托斯稱,這些癥狀似乎還會隨著新變種的進化而改變,至少在某種程度上是這樣。
他說:“與德爾塔變種相比,我看到病患感到乏力的時長要長的多。此前的變種引發(fā)的神經(jīng)、精神健康和認知問題似乎要多得多,然而在最近,乏力確實似乎成為了一個更顯著的癥狀?!?/p>
可怕的計算結(jié)果
疫苗對于預防重癥和死亡來說非常有效,但并不能完全切斷新冠病毒的傳播,這意味著即便是完全接種的人士也可能感染新冠病毒,并出現(xiàn)能夠持續(xù)數(shù)周、數(shù)月或數(shù)年的癥狀。
此外,新冠重癥和長期新冠肺炎之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性,一些沒有新冠感染癥狀的人士可能會出現(xiàn)衰弱癥狀,而一些經(jīng)歷過新冠重癥的人士可能不會出現(xiàn)。
查克拉瓦提及其研究團隊已對整個疫情進行了模擬分析,而且準確預測了諸多令人不安的真相,例如即便在廣泛的疫苗接種之后,新冠疫情的反彈為何會此起彼伏。其團隊的模型顯示,在未來,那些接種了疫苗但并未采取病毒防護措施的人群在一年之內(nèi)可能會感染新冠病毒一到兩次。
那些已經(jīng)完全接種的人群將自身患長期新冠肺炎的風險降低了約50%。查克拉瓦提表示,假設全球人民都接種了疫苗,但并未采取預防措施,而且新冠患者患長期新冠肺炎的概率為10%——“這還是保守估計”——那么,每個人每年患長期新冠肺炎的概率為5%。
在3年的時間中,患上長期新冠肺炎的概率為14%。如果全球14%的人口,也就是近80億,都患上了長期新冠肺炎,那么進一步推算的結(jié)果十分可怕。
“如果整個世界在明天都完成了疫苗接種,那么按照當前(美國公共衛(wèi)生)的策略,人群中患長期新冠肺炎的數(shù)量可能會遠超10億人?!?/p>
以不變應萬變
加利亞薩托斯表示,一種能夠造成長期混亂的病毒對于人類來說并非是什么新事物。
他說:“病毒過后的影響對于新冠病毒來說并非什么新鮮事,因為這種現(xiàn)象對于其他眾多病毒來說可謂比比皆是。”
那些感染了人類乳突病毒的人,在以后的生活中患癌癥的風險更大,尤其是女性宮頸癌。最近的研究顯示,引發(fā)單核細胞增多癥的艾巴氏病毒會讓那些感染該病毒的人在今后出現(xiàn)多發(fā)性硬化疾病的概率更高。加利亞薩托斯表示,天花病毒在病患以后的生活中可能會引發(fā)帶狀皰疹。
他還表示:“新冠病毒導致出現(xiàn)了長達六個月的咳嗽癥狀,這并非是新冠病毒獨有的癥狀。很多病毒也可以導致這一癥狀。”
然而,有鑒于可能會導致的廣泛潛在長期癥狀,新冠病毒倒是顯得鶴立雞群。他說:“我從未見過其他病毒能引發(fā)類似的癥狀?!?/p>
研究人員逐漸對其癥狀有了更多的了解。然而,在他們能夠確定癥狀背后的生物學起因(而不是“持續(xù)的、長期的炎癥”)之前,治療方案仍將局限于癥狀的管理和干預,例如物理、職能和呼吸療法。
他說:“我們正嘗試弄清楚該病的更多細節(jié)。以截肢為例,治療方案是讓肢體重新生長。我們無法做到這一點,因此我們會盡可能地去適應?!?/p>
加利亞薩托斯看過很多擁有虛弱癥狀的病患,他們甚至嚴重到無法回歸工作崗位。
最令人心痛的情形是:“那些出現(xiàn)認知損傷的年輕病患在詞語和思想表達方面十分困難”,他說道。
“它讓我想起了出現(xiàn)精神錯亂的病患。這些病患20多歲或30多歲,之前是健康的——這些都是日理萬機的前首席執(zhí)行官和首席財務官,由于存在生理缺陷,如今對管理自己生活的能力感到害怕?!?/p>
他的建議:如果你的目標是度過新冠疫情并避免患上長期新冠肺炎,“那么請戴口罩,同時留意你打算前往的公共場所的環(huán)境。”
他說:“好的口罩能夠保障你的安全?!痹谶@里,他指的是N95口罩。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
新冠疫情死亡率已經(jīng)成為了明日黃花,在疫情爆發(fā)兩年多之后,美國民眾似乎終于可以嘆口氣了。得益于疫苗,新冠病毒感染的死亡或住院風險得以大幅降低。
然而專家稱,在摘掉口罩之前,還有很多事情需要考慮。一種涵蓋一系列癥狀的新慢性病——長期新冠肺炎(Long COVID),在最初的新冠感染治愈后會持續(xù)很長一段時間。
美國政府問責局(U.S. Government Accountability Office)稱,長期新冠肺炎可能已經(jīng)影響了700萬-2300萬此前感染了該病毒的美國民眾,占美國人口的比例高達7%。
至于有多少人患上了長期新冠肺炎,不同的調(diào)查之間存在著巨大的差距,跨度范圍達到了新冠感染幸存者的10%-80%。賓州醫(yī)學院(Penn State College)研究人員去年稱,超過半數(shù)的新冠幸存者稱癥狀在6個月之后依然存在。
新冠疫情研究人員、藥物研發(fā)公司Fractal Therapeutics的首席執(zhí)行官阿里吉特·查克拉瓦提表示,我們對這個病情還不是很了解,但它在數(shù)年內(nèi)便可影響全球10多億人口。專家稱,長期新冠肺炎正迅速成為一個首要的公共健康問題,已經(jīng)讓初級護理醫(yī)師感到焦頭爛額。
約翰霍普金斯大學肺部與危重癥醫(yī)學部門(Johns Hopkins’ Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine)副教授帕納吉斯·加利亞薩托斯博士致力于治療長期新冠肺炎病患,他說:“大家將所有注意力放在了死亡率上面,而沒有太多地關(guān)注發(fā)病率和生活質(zhì)量的下降。我認為我們需要更多關(guān)注如何預防感染任何病毒或相關(guān)問題?!?
難以界定的病癥
那么,長期新冠肺炎到底是什么???
研究人員依然在嘗試弄清楚這個問題。因此,這取決于你詢問的對象是誰。
世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)對長期新冠肺炎的定義是:一種在新冠病毒感染病患上出現(xiàn)的病癥,其癥狀無法用其他疾病來解釋,而且會持續(xù)兩個月甚至更長的時間。世衛(wèi)組織稱,這些癥狀會在最初發(fā)作之后持續(xù)很長的時間,或者在一段時間內(nèi)反復。世衛(wèi)組織還表示,長期新冠肺炎的診斷通常只有在急性發(fā)病三個月之后才能做出。
梅奧診所(Mayo Clinic)將長期新冠肺炎定義為一系列源于新冠感染的癥狀,在確診之后會持續(xù)超過4周的時間。
在現(xiàn)實中,長期新冠肺炎有可能是一種結(jié)合了多種問題和癥狀的涵蓋性術(shù)語:那些患有長期新冠肺炎、能夠持續(xù)傳播疾病的病患,那些新冠感染后遺癥在數(shù)周后消失的病患,以及自身患有長期新冠肺炎的病患,在這種情況下,病患并不具有傳染性,但所有癥狀持續(xù)的時間要長的多。
此外,那些病情異常嚴重需要重癥監(jiān)護室護理的新冠感肺炎患者可能會出現(xiàn)重癥監(jiān)護室后綜合征,例如肌無力、氣短、認知問題、焦慮和抑郁,這些癥狀看起來也非常像長期新冠肺炎,但實際上不是,這讓長期新冠肺炎變得更難診斷,加利亞薩托斯說道。這些問題可能會因無法出行期限的延長,通風設備的使用以及其他創(chuàng)傷性醫(yī)療事件而發(fā)生。
他說:“在我看來,長期新冠肺炎患者會出現(xiàn)乏力、胸部不適、認知問題,這些都無法用其他病癥來解釋?!?/p>
然而,癥狀可能比這個還要多,而且是多得多,這一點取決于病患自身的情況。加利亞薩托斯表示,長期新冠肺炎可能涉及多種毫無頭緒的癥狀,這些癥狀會因病毒感染器官系統(tǒng)的不同而發(fā)生變化。
他說:“大腦控制情緒,精神健康和認知,以及痛覺等感覺。因此,當某一個器官系統(tǒng)受到感染時,會出現(xiàn)焦慮、抑郁、認知問題和頭痛癥狀?!?/p>
然而,另一個器官系統(tǒng),例如肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng),可能會導致不同的癥狀,例如骨骼疼痛或灼燒感、胸悶、關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和肌肉痙攣。
英國醫(yī)療期刊《柳葉刀》7月發(fā)布的一篇重要調(diào)查顯示,大多數(shù)小病痛——從耳朵麻木、“極度煩躁”到幻覺等,似乎都可能成為長期新冠肺炎的癥狀。
該調(diào)查在10種器官系統(tǒng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了200多種潛在的長期新冠肺炎癥狀,有66種癥狀通常會持續(xù)超過7個月的時間。研究人員調(diào)查了近60個國家近4000名已確診或疑似長期新冠肺炎患者,這些人的病痛都持續(xù)了一個月或更長的時間。
加利亞薩托斯稱,這些癥狀似乎還會隨著新變種的進化而改變,至少在某種程度上是這樣。
他說:“與德爾塔變種相比,我看到病患感到乏力的時長要長的多。此前的變種引發(fā)的神經(jīng)、精神健康和認知問題似乎要多得多,然而在最近,乏力確實似乎成為了一個更顯著的癥狀。”
可怕的計算結(jié)果
疫苗對于預防重癥和死亡來說非常有效,但并不能完全切斷新冠病毒的傳播,這意味著即便是完全接種的人士也可能感染新冠病毒,并出現(xiàn)能夠持續(xù)數(shù)周、數(shù)月或數(shù)年的癥狀。
此外,新冠重癥和長期新冠肺炎之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性,一些沒有新冠感染癥狀的人士可能會出現(xiàn)衰弱癥狀,而一些經(jīng)歷過新冠重癥的人士可能不會出現(xiàn)。
查克拉瓦提及其研究團隊已對整個疫情進行了模擬分析,而且準確預測了諸多令人不安的真相,例如即便在廣泛的疫苗接種之后,新冠疫情的反彈為何會此起彼伏。其團隊的模型顯示,在未來,那些接種了疫苗但并未采取病毒防護措施的人群在一年之內(nèi)可能會感染新冠病毒一到兩次。
那些已經(jīng)完全接種的人群將自身患長期新冠肺炎的風險降低了約50%。查克拉瓦提表示,假設全球人民都接種了疫苗,但并未采取預防措施,而且新冠患者患長期新冠肺炎的概率為10%——“這還是保守估計”——那么,每個人每年患長期新冠肺炎的概率為5%。
在3年的時間中,患上長期新冠肺炎的概率為14%。如果全球14%的人口,也就是近80億,都患上了長期新冠肺炎,那么進一步推算的結(jié)果十分可怕。
“如果整個世界在明天都完成了疫苗接種,那么按照當前(美國公共衛(wèi)生)的策略,人群中患長期新冠肺炎的數(shù)量可能會遠超10億人?!?/p>
以不變應萬變
加利亞薩托斯表示,一種能夠造成長期混亂的病毒對于人類來說并非是什么新事物。
他說:“病毒過后的影響對于新冠病毒來說并非什么新鮮事,因為這種現(xiàn)象對于其他眾多病毒來說可謂比比皆是?!?/p>
那些感染了人類乳突病毒的人,在以后的生活中患癌癥的風險更大,尤其是女性宮頸癌。最近的研究顯示,引發(fā)單核細胞增多癥的艾巴氏病毒會讓那些感染該病毒的人在今后出現(xiàn)多發(fā)性硬化疾病的概率更高。加利亞薩托斯表示,天花病毒在病患以后的生活中可能會引發(fā)帶狀皰疹。
他還表示:“新冠病毒導致出現(xiàn)了長達六個月的咳嗽癥狀,這并非是新冠病毒獨有的癥狀。很多病毒也可以導致這一癥狀。”
然而,有鑒于可能會導致的廣泛潛在長期癥狀,新冠病毒倒是顯得鶴立雞群。他說:“我從未見過其他病毒能引發(fā)類似的癥狀。”
研究人員逐漸對其癥狀有了更多的了解。然而,在他們能夠確定癥狀背后的生物學起因(而不是“持續(xù)的、長期的炎癥”)之前,治療方案仍將局限于癥狀的管理和干預,例如物理、職能和呼吸療法。
他說:“我們正嘗試弄清楚該病的更多細節(jié)。以截肢為例,治療方案是讓肢體重新生長。我們無法做到這一點,因此我們會盡可能地去適應。”
加利亞薩托斯看過很多擁有虛弱癥狀的病患,他們甚至嚴重到無法回歸工作崗位。
最令人心痛的情形是:“那些出現(xiàn)認知損傷的年輕病患在詞語和思想表達方面十分困難”,他說道。
“它讓我想起了出現(xiàn)精神錯亂的病患。這些病患20多歲或30多歲,之前是健康的——這些都是日理萬機的前首席執(zhí)行官和首席財務官,由于存在生理缺陷,如今對管理自己生活的能力感到害怕。”
他的建議:如果你的目標是度過新冠疫情并避免患上長期新冠肺炎,“那么請戴口罩,同時留意你打算前往的公共場所的環(huán)境?!?/p>
他說:“好的口罩能夠保障你的安全?!痹谶@里,他指的是N95口罩。(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
The COVID death rate is a shadow of its former self, and more than two years into the pandemic, Americans seem to be breathing a sigh of relief—thanks to vaccines, their risk of death or hospitalization from the virus is greatly diminished.
But there’s more to take into account before ditching your mask, experts say—Long COVID, a new chronic condition defined by an array of symptoms that endure long after the initial COVID infection has cleared.
Long COVID may already affect between 7 and 23 million Americans who previously had the virus, or up to 7% of the U.S. population, according to the U.S. Government Accountability Office.
Different estimates of how many people are affected with Long COVID vary widely— between 10 to 80% of COVID survivors. More than half of COVID survivors report symptoms that persist after six months, Penn State College of Medicine researchers reported last year.
It’s a poorly understood condition that could disable over a billion worldwide in just a few years, says Arijit Chakravarty, a COVID researcher and CEO of Fractal Therapeutics, a drug development firm. Experts say that it’s quickly growing into a major public health concern already overwhelming primary care physicians.
“Everyone puts all the attention on death and not as much attention on morbidity and loss of quality of life,” says Dr. Panagis Galiasatos, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins’ Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine who treats long-COVID patients. “I think we need to put more attention into not catching any kind of virus or issue.”
A difficult condition to define
So, just what is Long COVID?
Good question—researchers are still trying to figure it out. So, it depends on whom you talk to.
The World Health Organization defines Long COVID as a condition that occurs in someone who had COVID, with symptoms that cannot be explained by another diagnosis, that last for two months or more. The symptoms can persist following the initial onset, or come and go over time, the organization says, adding that a diagnosis of Long COVID usually wouldn't be made until three months after acute illness.
The Mayo Clinic defines Long COVID as a set of symptoms stemming from COVID that persist for more than four weeks after diagnosis.
In reality, Long COVID is likely an umbrella term for a combination of issues and conditions: People who have long-term COVID infections who are able to continue to spread the disease, people whose COVID after-effects clear up after a few weeks, and people with Long COVID itself, in which people aren’t infectious, but experience all kinds of symptoms for much longer.
What’s more, COVID patients whose disease was severe enough to require ICU admission may suffer post-ICU complications like muscle weakness, shortness of breath, cognitive issues, anxiety, and depression—symptoms that look a lot like Long COVID, but are not, further muddying the waters, Galiasatos says. Those issues might occur due to extended periods of immobility and ventilator use, and other traumatic medical events.
“For me, Long COVID is fatigue, chest discomfort, cognitive issues that can’t be explained by anything else,” he says.
But it can be more than that—much more, depending on the patient. Long COVID can involve a mysterious “grab bag” of symptoms that vary depending on what organ systems were affected by the virus, Galiasatos says.
“The brain controls mood, mental health, and cognition, and things like pain,” he says. “So one person, with one organ system affected can result in anxiety, depression, cognitive issues, and headaches.”
But another organ system, like the musculoskeletal system, can result in different symptoms like bone aches or burning, tightness in the chest, joint pain, and muscle spasms.
It seems like most any ailment—from ear numbness, a sensation of "brain on fire," and hallucinations—could be symptoms of Long COVID, according to a landmark July study published in British medical journal The Lancet.
The study identified more than 200 potential Long COVID symptoms in 10 organ systems, with 66 symptoms typically lasting more than seven months. Researchers surveyed nearly 4,000 sufferers with confirmed or suspected COVID from nearly 60 countries, with illness of a month or longer.
The condition also seems to be evolving as new variants evolve—at least somewhat, Galiasatos says.
“I see patients with a lot more lingering fatigue than with the Delta variants,” he says. “The prior variants seemed to cause a lot more neurological, mental health, and cognitive issues. But fatigue definitely seems to be a bigger player more recently.”
Ugly math
Vaccines are great at preventing serious illness and death, but they don’t fully prevent COVID spread, meaning even a fully vaccinated person could catch COVID and develop symptoms that linger for weeks, months, or years.
What’s more, there’s no correlation between the severity of COVID symptoms and the development of Long COVID—someone with no COVID symptoms could develop the debilitating condition, and someone with a severe case of COVID may not.
Chakravarty and his research team have developed simulations throughout the pandemic and have a record for predicting uncomfortable truths, like how rebound waves of COVID were possible even after wide distribution of the vaccine. His team’s modeling shows that those who are vaccinated but don’t take precautions against the virus can expect to get COVID once or twice a year, going forward.
Those who are fully vaccinated reduce their risk of Long COVID by about half. Assuming the entire world is vaccinated and doesn’t take precautions, and that the risk of getting Long COVID each time one gets COVID is 10%, “to be conservative,” everyone has a 5% chance of getting Long COVID each year, Chakravarty says.
Over three years, then, the chance of coming down with Long COVID is 14%. If 14% of the world’s population, nearly 8 billion, comes down with Long COVID—the math isn’t pretty, Chakravarty says.
“If the whole world was vaccinated tomorrow and we spent just three years ‘learning to live with COVID’ under the current [U.S. public health] strategy, we could have well over a billion people living with Long COVID.”
Nothing new, and everything new
A virus wreaking long-term havoc is not a new concept, according to Galiasatos.
“Post-viral consequences are not new to COVID—they’ve been well-established for many other viruses,” he says.
People who contract HPV, the human papillomavirus, are at greater risk for cancer later in life, especially cervical cancer in women. The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis, puts those with it at a higher risk for multiple sclerosis down the road, a recent study found. And chicken pox can cause shingles later in life, Galiasatos says.
“COVID causing a cough for six months—that’s not new to COVID. Lots of viruses can cause that,” he added.
But COVID stands out from the others given the wide array of potential long-term symptoms it can cause: “I haven’t seen another virus cause things like this,” he says.
Researchers are beginning to understand the condition better. But until they can nail the biological cause of symptoms beyond “ongoing, lingering inflammation,” treatments will be limited to management of symptoms and interventions like physical, occupational, and respiratory therapy, he says.
“We’re trying to figure out the disease more specifically,” he says. “Think of an amputation—the cure is regrowing the limb. We can’t do that, so we adapt to it as much as we can.”
Galiasatos sees many patients with symptoms so debilitating that they haven’t been able to return to work.
Among the most heartbreaking to witness: “the young patients who have cognitive impairment … struggling to find words or thoughts,” he says.
“It reminds me of patients with dementia. These are patients in their 20s and 30s who were healthy before—former CEOs and CFOs who were high-functioning who are now scared about their ability to manage their livelihoods with their impairment.”
His advice: If your aim is both to survive COVID and avoid Long COVID, “Mask and be mindful of the public settings you’re going to go in.”
“Good masks will keep you safe,” he says, referencing N95 masks.