對(duì)特斯拉(Tesla)在美國(guó)和歐洲大幅降價(jià)的舉措有多種解讀。在此之前,特斯拉在中國(guó)于10周內(nèi)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了兩輪降價(jià)。
在悲觀者看來,顯然特斯拉增加訂單面臨困難。2022年第四季度,特斯拉的汽車產(chǎn)量比交付量多了34,000輛,這并非災(zāi)難性的差異,卻代表特斯拉的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生了變化。畢竟,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克曾經(jīng)在2022年10月告訴投資者,公司預(yù)計(jì),“在我們可以預(yù)見的未來”,其生產(chǎn)的每一輛汽車都能夠賣掉。
伯恩斯坦公司(Bernstein)的分析師托尼·薩科納吉于1月17日在客戶報(bào)告里寫道:“特斯拉最近的降價(jià)是為了應(yīng)對(duì)需求問題?!彼麑?duì)特斯拉股票給出了等同于賣出的評(píng)級(jí)?!半m然我們(和許多投資者)預(yù)料到特斯拉會(huì)降價(jià),但其降價(jià)的力度更大,并且比我們預(yù)期的更早?!?/p>
對(duì)樂觀者而言,馬斯克只是發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)價(jià)格戰(zhàn),特斯拉有很大幾率獲勝,盡管它本身不可能完好無損。
毫無疑問,Model Y降價(jià)20%,Model S和X的高性能款降價(jià)約20,000美元,將給公司的盈利能力帶來壓力。但特斯拉的收入遠(yuǎn)超過其他電動(dòng)汽車公司,除了中國(guó)廠商比亞迪以外,其他汽車廠商的電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量都無法與特斯拉相提并論。
美國(guó)銀行(Bank of America)的分析師約翰·墨菲在1月17日表示:“特斯拉的利潤(rùn)率高于其他整車廠商,包括通用汽車(GM)和福特(Ford),這可以為特斯拉進(jìn)一步降價(jià)提供緩沖?!蹦茖?duì)該汽車廠商的股票給出了持有評(píng)級(jí)?!按蠖鄶?shù)整車廠商的電動(dòng)汽車業(yè)務(wù)目前處在虧損狀態(tài),在它們努力增加電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量時(shí),特斯拉降價(jià)可能讓這些公司的電動(dòng)汽車業(yè)務(wù)更難開展。如果有利的電動(dòng)汽車定價(jià)不復(fù)存在,整車廠商就將不得不重新評(píng)估其電動(dòng)汽車投資,以及這些投資能否帶來足夠多的回報(bào)?!?/p>
在約15年前的大衰退(Great Recession)期間,特斯拉曾經(jīng)瀕臨破產(chǎn)。后來這家公司的發(fā)展,在一定程度上要?dú)w功于長(zhǎng)期低利率、便利的融資渠道和較少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
這一切都已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)加息提高了借款成本,而且特斯拉不再是電動(dòng)汽車行業(yè)唯一的玩家。在中國(guó)市場(chǎng),比亞迪飛速增長(zhǎng),在歐洲,大眾汽車(Volkswagen)正在努力保護(hù)它的地盤。福特和通用汽車也在美國(guó)維護(hù)自己的市場(chǎng)。
2022年,特斯拉未能達(dá)到汽車交付量增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)后,馬斯克決定繼續(xù)推動(dòng)特斯拉擴(kuò)張。降低Model 3和Y車型的價(jià)格,使更多車型符合美國(guó)《通脹削減法案》(Inflation Reduction Act)新推出的美國(guó)稅收減免政策的條件。
2022年12月,馬斯克在參加Twitter Spaces的對(duì)話中預(yù)測(cè)今年美國(guó)將陷入嚴(yán)重衰退,并警告稱消費(fèi)者將減少大宗商品消費(fèi)。他指出,高利率和低需求是“雙重打擊”,并聲稱特斯拉面臨選擇。
馬斯克反問道:“你想增加銷量,雖然你必須下調(diào)價(jià)格?還是希望以更緩慢或穩(wěn)定的速度增長(zhǎng)?我傾向于在不使公司面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前提下,追求快速增長(zhǎng)?!?/p>
在這種情境下,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官表示在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,利潤(rùn)將“降低為負(fù)”,只要公司現(xiàn)金狀況良好。
馬斯克說:“我認(rèn)為從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,這依舊是正確的做法?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
對(duì)特斯拉(Tesla)在美國(guó)和歐洲大幅降價(jià)的舉措有多種解讀。在此之前,特斯拉在中國(guó)于10周內(nèi)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了兩輪降價(jià)。
在悲觀者看來,顯然特斯拉增加訂單面臨困難。2022年第四季度,特斯拉的汽車產(chǎn)量比交付量多了34,000輛,這并非災(zāi)難性的差異,卻代表特斯拉的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生了變化。畢竟,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官埃隆·馬斯克曾經(jīng)在2022年10月告訴投資者,公司預(yù)計(jì),“在我們可以預(yù)見的未來”,其生產(chǎn)的每一輛汽車都能夠賣掉。
伯恩斯坦公司(Bernstein)的分析師托尼·薩科納吉于1月17日在客戶報(bào)告里寫道:“特斯拉最近的降價(jià)是為了應(yīng)對(duì)需求問題?!彼麑?duì)特斯拉股票給出了等同于賣出的評(píng)級(jí)?!半m然我們(和許多投資者)預(yù)料到特斯拉會(huì)降價(jià),但其降價(jià)的力度更大,并且比我們預(yù)期的更早?!?/p>
對(duì)樂觀者而言,馬斯克只是發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)價(jià)格戰(zhàn),特斯拉有很大幾率獲勝,盡管它本身不可能完好無損。
毫無疑問,Model Y降價(jià)20%,Model S和X的高性能款降價(jià)約20,000美元,將給公司的盈利能力帶來壓力。但特斯拉的收入遠(yuǎn)超過其他電動(dòng)汽車公司,除了中國(guó)廠商比亞迪以外,其他汽車廠商的電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量都無法與特斯拉相提并論。
美國(guó)銀行(Bank of America)的分析師約翰·墨菲在1月17日表示:“特斯拉的利潤(rùn)率高于其他整車廠商,包括通用汽車(GM)和福特(Ford),這可以為特斯拉進(jìn)一步降價(jià)提供緩沖?!蹦茖?duì)該汽車廠商的股票給出了持有評(píng)級(jí)?!按蠖鄶?shù)整車廠商的電動(dòng)汽車業(yè)務(wù)目前處在虧損狀態(tài),在它們努力增加電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)量時(shí),特斯拉降價(jià)可能讓這些公司的電動(dòng)汽車業(yè)務(wù)更難開展。如果有利的電動(dòng)汽車定價(jià)不復(fù)存在,整車廠商就將不得不重新評(píng)估其電動(dòng)汽車投資,以及這些投資能否帶來足夠多的回報(bào)?!?/p>
在約15年前的大衰退(Great Recession)期間,特斯拉曾經(jīng)瀕臨破產(chǎn)。后來這家公司的發(fā)展,在一定程度上要?dú)w功于長(zhǎng)期低利率、便利的融資渠道和較少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
這一切都已經(jīng)發(fā)生改變。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Federal Reserve)加息提高了借款成本,而且特斯拉不再是電動(dòng)汽車行業(yè)唯一的玩家。在中國(guó)市場(chǎng),比亞迪飛速增長(zhǎng),在歐洲,大眾汽車(Volkswagen)正在努力保護(hù)它的地盤。福特和通用汽車也在美國(guó)維護(hù)自己的市場(chǎng)。
2022年,特斯拉未能達(dá)到汽車交付量增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)后,馬斯克決定繼續(xù)推動(dòng)特斯拉擴(kuò)張。降低Model 3和Y車型的價(jià)格,使更多車型符合美國(guó)《通脹削減法案》(Inflation Reduction Act)新推出的美國(guó)稅收減免政策的條件。
2022年12月,馬斯克在參加Twitter Spaces的對(duì)話中預(yù)測(cè)今年美國(guó)將陷入嚴(yán)重衰退,并警告稱消費(fèi)者將減少大宗商品消費(fèi)。他指出,高利率和低需求是“雙重打擊”,并聲稱特斯拉面臨選擇。
馬斯克反問道:“你想增加銷量,雖然你必須下調(diào)價(jià)格?還是希望以更緩慢或穩(wěn)定的速度增長(zhǎng)?我傾向于在不使公司面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前提下,追求快速增長(zhǎng)?!?/p>
在這種情境下,特斯拉的首席執(zhí)行官表示在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,利潤(rùn)將“降低為負(fù)”,只要公司現(xiàn)金狀況良好。
馬斯克說:“我認(rèn)為從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,這依舊是正確的做法。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
There are several ways to look at Tesla’s deep price cuts in the US and Europe, which came on the heels of two rounds of reductions in the span of 10 weeks in China.
For the glass-half-empty crowd, it’s clear that the carmaker was struggling to drum up orders. The company produced over 34,000 more vehicles than it delivered in the fourth quarter — not a catastrophic difference, but part of an un-Tesla-like trend. After all, Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk told investors in October 2022 that the company expected to sell every car it could make, “for as far in the future as we can see.”
“Tesla’s recent price cuts were in response to a demand problem,” Toni Sacconaghi, a Bernstein analyst with the equivalent of a sell rating on the stock, wrote to clients on January 17. “While we (and many investors) had expected price cuts, they were bigger and came earlier than we expected.”
For the glass-half-full contingent, Musk just started a pricing war that Tesla stands a strong chance of winning, even if emerging unscathed is out of the question.
There’s no debating that slashing 20% off the cost of the Model Y and making performance versions of the Model S and X roughly $20,000 cheaper will pressure profitability. But Tesla is soundly out-earning other EV companies, and with the exception of China’s BYD, no automaker is anywhere close to producing as many electric cars.
“Tesla has higher margins than other OEMs including GM and Ford, and cushion to lower prices even further,” John Murphy, a Bank of America analyst with the equivalent of a hold rating on the EV maker’s stock, said on January 17. “Most OEMS are currently losing money on EVs, and these price cuts are likely to make business even more difficult, just as they are attempting to ramp production of EV offerings. OEMs will have to reevaluate investments and whether they generate sufficient returns should EV pricing prove less favorable.”
Tesla almost went bankrupt during the great recession that was getting underway roughly 15 years ago. The company then grew in part thanks to a long period of low interest rates, easy access to capital and little competition.
That’s all changed. The Federal Reserve’s rate increases have raised borrowing costs, and Tesla is no longer the only game in town. BYD is surging in China, Volkswagen is fighting to protect its turf in Europe, and Ford and General Motors doing the same in the US.
Musk is determined to position Tesla for continued expansion after the company fell short of its target for growth in vehicle deliveries last year. Cutting the prices of the Model 3 and Y will make more of those models eligible for new US tax credits introduced by the Inflation Reduction Act.
During a Twitter Spaces conversation in December 2022, Musk predicted a serious recession this year and warned consumers will cut back on big-ticket purchases. He called higher interest rates and lower demand a “double-whammy,” and said Tesla faced a choice.
“Do you want to grow unit volume, in which case you have to adjust prices downward? Or do you want to grow at a lower rate, or steady?” Musk asked, rhetorically. “My bias would be to say let’s grow as fast as we can without putting the company at risk.”
In that scenario, Tesla’s CEO said profits would be “l(fā)ower to negative” during the recession, on the condition that its cash position is sound.
“I think that’s still the right move, long-term,” Musk said.