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花費(fèi)太多獎(jiǎng)金太少,全球狗拉雪橇大賽遇冷

今年3月4日的艾迪塔羅德狗拉雪橇大賽成為有史以來規(guī)模最小的一場比賽。

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2009年3月11日,在艾迪塔羅德狗拉雪橇大賽中,馬丁·布瑟駕駛狗拉雪橇離開塔克特納河,進(jìn)入阿拉斯加的塔克特納檢查站。圖片來源:AP PHOTO/AL GRILLO

全世界最知名的艾迪塔羅德狗拉雪橇大賽(Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race)舉辦50多年來,處境日漸艱難。

今年3月4日的狗拉雪橇大賽成為有史以來規(guī)模最小的一場比賽,只有33名雪橇主參加開幕式,然后帶領(lǐng)雪橇隊(duì)在阿拉斯加的無情荒野上奔行近1,000英里(1,609千米)。今年的規(guī)模甚至比1973年的首屆比賽還小,當(dāng)年還有34位選手。

參賽選手如此至少,人們不由得擔(dān)心這一標(biāo)志性比賽的未來。之前比賽便遭到打擊不斷,包括新冠疫情、氣候變化、通貨膨脹以及財(cái)力雄厚的贊助商退出等等。與此同時(shí),很多著名選手紛紛退役,卻很少有人能夠頂上。

2008年的比賽達(dá)到有史以來的最大規(guī)模,參賽選手達(dá)96人;在過去50年里,平均有63人參賽。

“看著有點(diǎn)嚇人?!?4歲的四屆冠軍馬丁·布瑟說,2022年他在完成第39場比賽后退役?!跋M荣惒粫?huì)一直這樣……只是暫時(shí)的困難?!?/p>

艾迪塔羅德大賽是全世界最負(fù)盛名的狗拉雪橇比賽,選手們要在寒冷的氣溫下穿越兩座山脈,冰凍的育空河,還有危險(xiǎn)的冰上白令海,最后到達(dá)曾經(jīng)以淘金知名的小鎮(zhèn)諾姆。賽事為期約10天,今年3月4日在安克雷奇舉行“起跑儀式”,隨后于3月5日在北邊約70英里(113千米)的威洛正式比賽。

這一享譽(yù)世界的比賽在各項(xiàng)狗拉雪橇賽中獎(jiǎng)金最高,然而稅前也只有約5萬美元,隨著通貨膨脹和新冠疫情的持續(xù)影響,獎(jiǎng)金的吸引力越來越小。

很多雪橇主只得通過向乘坐游輪的游客提供獨(dú)特的阿拉斯加體驗(yàn)來貼補(bǔ)收入,但近幾年新冠疫情不斷,愿意體驗(yàn)在冰川上乘坐狗拉雪橇的夏季游客人數(shù)也少了很多。

“很多狗舍和雪橇主都依靠這種方式維持生活?!敝Z姆的本地人阿龍·伯邁斯特表示,今年他將缺席比賽,選擇陪伴家人。伯邁斯特從事建筑行業(yè),過去十年里八次躋身前十位。

“參加艾迪塔羅德比賽,還有組建狗撬隊(duì)的費(fèi)用超出了承受能力?!彼谡劶把┣林鲿r(shí)說道。

通貨膨脹的影響也不容小覷,幾位雪橇主稱,只有設(shè)置更高的獎(jiǎng)金,才可以吸引年輕的競爭對(duì)手。

衛(wèi)冕冠軍布倫特·薩斯兼任荒野向?qū)зN補(bǔ)收入,他表示,不少雪橇主攢錢困難其實(shí)并不稀奇。

薩斯養(yǎng)了58條狗,每年要買500袋優(yōu)質(zhì)狗糧。幾年前每袋狗糧55美元,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)漲到每袋85美元,一年就要花42,500美元,跟2022年薩斯在艾迪塔羅德比賽中贏得的獎(jiǎng)金差不多。

“參加艾迪塔羅德比賽要做好充分準(zhǔn)備,而且銀行資金要充足?!彼_斯說,他住在費(fèi)爾班克斯以北約四小時(shí)車程的尤里卡。

布瑟稱,再加上比賽所需其他費(fèi)用,現(xiàn)在參加艾迪塔羅德大賽意味著花25萬美元去爭奪4萬美元的冠軍獎(jiǎng)金。

艾迪塔羅德大賽的首席執(zhí)行官羅布·烏爾巴赫指出,在通貨膨脹加劇的情況下,比賽本身就受到了影響。他說,供應(yīng)成本上漲了約30%,2022年單是從南邊48個(gè)州運(yùn)送經(jīng)專門認(rèn)證的供雪橇狗在檢查站睡覺的稻草,就花了近3萬美元。

艾迪塔羅德大賽也被善待動(dòng)物組織(People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)緊盯不放,比賽的大贊助商成了主要目標(biāo)。過去十年里,阿拉斯加航空(Alaska Airlines)、埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)、可口可樂(Coca-Cola)和富國銀行(Wells Fargo)在被善待動(dòng)物組織針對(duì)后,均已經(jīng)停止贊助比賽。

今年2月,善待動(dòng)物組織在安克雷奇和費(fèi)爾班克斯的報(bào)紙上刊登了整版廣告,廣告里是一條哈士奇,也是雪橇犬主要品種,標(biāo)題上寫著:“我們不想去艾迪塔羅德比賽。我們只希望艾迪塔羅德比賽消失?!?/p>

但烏爾巴赫表示,賽事財(cái)務(wù)狀況良好,今年支出應(yīng)該會(huì)稍高一些。排名前20位的選手獲得的獎(jiǎng)金按照比例遞減,其他完賽選手均能夠獲得1,049美元,正好是比賽里程數(shù),盡管實(shí)際里程數(shù)稍少一些。

烏爾巴赫指出,在競爭激烈的各項(xiàng)狗拉雪橇比賽里,此處堪稱給出了“最豐厚的獎(jiǎng)金”,并稱善待動(dòng)物組織的舉動(dòng)“對(duì)大多數(shù)阿拉斯加人來說相當(dāng)無禮”。

人們也擔(dān)心氣候變化對(duì)比賽未來的影響。

由于氣候變暖,2003年、2015年和2017年阿拉斯加山脈雪量太小,組織者被迫將起跑線從威洛向北290英里(467千米)改到費(fèi)爾班克斯。受冬季條件惡劣和城市發(fā)展影響,2008年艾迪塔羅德比賽正式將起點(diǎn)從瓦西拉向北約30英里(48千米)移至威洛,而瓦西拉之前一次設(shè)為起點(diǎn)是在2002年。

阿拉斯加費(fèi)爾班克斯大學(xué)(University of Alaska Fairbanks)國際北極研究中心(International Arctic Research Center)的氣候?qū)<依锟恕ね新硎?,隨著全球變暖加劇,比賽起點(diǎn)向北轉(zhuǎn)移可能更常見。他說,阿拉斯加西海岸的冰也可能變得更薄、更危險(xiǎn)。

“海浪撞擊海灘不一定會(huì)讓冰變薄?!蓖新谡劦奖诨挠绊憰r(shí)說?!拔kU(xiǎn)往往是在冰層不穩(wěn)定的地方?!?/p>

隨著挑戰(zhàn)不斷增加,在阿拉斯加死寂的寒冬,在嚴(yán)寒大風(fēng)中為參加艾迪塔羅德大賽拼命訓(xùn)練多年后,今年不少曾經(jīng)獲得多屆冠軍的老將也選擇離開。然而他們發(fā)現(xiàn),很少有人愿意頂上,至少今年沒有看到。

“我剛從坎昆回來,在墨西哥海灘上看Grateful Dead樂隊(duì)的演唱會(huì)。”現(xiàn)年67歲的四屆冠軍杰夫·金說?!皠傞_始我說40歲退役,到66歲我還在參加比賽,所以我覺得沒有對(duì)不起任何人。”

五屆冠軍達(dá)拉斯·西維表示,2022年的比賽將是最后一次,至少一段時(shí)間不會(huì)再參賽,因?yàn)樗攵嗯闩闩畠?。其他退賽的往屆冠軍包括達(dá)拉斯的父親,三屆冠軍米奇·西維,還有曾經(jīng)榮獲一次冠軍的約爾·萊夫塞特·烏爾索姆和托馬斯·韋納。

韋納表示,贊助商紛紛退縮,花6萬美元把狗拉雪橇隊(duì)從挪威運(yùn)到阿拉斯加實(shí)在太昂貴。

另一位四屆冠軍蘭斯·麥基在2022年死于癌癥。他是今年比賽的榮譽(yù)選手。3月4日的起跑儀式上,還有3月5日正式比賽開始時(shí),他的孩子阿蒂貢和羅贊乘坐的雪橇將第一個(gè)出發(fā)。

如此一來,今年的賽場上就只剩下兩位前冠軍,薩斯和皮特·凱澤。

薩斯表示,相信艾迪塔羅德大賽可以度過本輪難關(guān)。

“如果我們能夠堅(jiān)持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)下去,我想情況就會(huì)好起來,希望所有事情可以控制住,很多費(fèi)用能夠降低一點(diǎn)?!彼_斯說。“如果可以這樣,參賽人數(shù)就有望回升?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

全世界最知名的艾迪塔羅德狗拉雪橇大賽(Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race)舉辦50多年來,處境日漸艱難。

今年3月4日的狗拉雪橇大賽成為有史以來規(guī)模最小的一場比賽,只有33名雪橇主參加開幕式,然后帶領(lǐng)雪橇隊(duì)在阿拉斯加的無情荒野上奔行近1,000英里(1,609千米)。今年的規(guī)模甚至比1973年的首屆比賽還小,當(dāng)年還有34位選手。

參賽選手如此至少,人們不由得擔(dān)心這一標(biāo)志性比賽的未來。之前比賽便遭到打擊不斷,包括新冠疫情、氣候變化、通貨膨脹以及財(cái)力雄厚的贊助商退出等等。與此同時(shí),很多著名選手紛紛退役,卻很少有人能夠頂上。

2008年的比賽達(dá)到有史以來的最大規(guī)模,參賽選手達(dá)96人;在過去50年里,平均有63人參賽。

“看著有點(diǎn)嚇人?!?4歲的四屆冠軍馬丁·布瑟說,2022年他在完成第39場比賽后退役?!跋M荣惒粫?huì)一直這樣……只是暫時(shí)的困難?!?/p>

艾迪塔羅德大賽是全世界最負(fù)盛名的狗拉雪橇比賽,選手們要在寒冷的氣溫下穿越兩座山脈,冰凍的育空河,還有危險(xiǎn)的冰上白令海,最后到達(dá)曾經(jīng)以淘金知名的小鎮(zhèn)諾姆。賽事為期約10天,今年3月4日在安克雷奇舉行“起跑儀式”,隨后于3月5日在北邊約70英里(113千米)的威洛正式比賽。

這一享譽(yù)世界的比賽在各項(xiàng)狗拉雪橇賽中獎(jiǎng)金最高,然而稅前也只有約5萬美元,隨著通貨膨脹和新冠疫情的持續(xù)影響,獎(jiǎng)金的吸引力越來越小。

很多雪橇主只得通過向乘坐游輪的游客提供獨(dú)特的阿拉斯加體驗(yàn)來貼補(bǔ)收入,但近幾年新冠疫情不斷,愿意體驗(yàn)在冰川上乘坐狗拉雪橇的夏季游客人數(shù)也少了很多。

“很多狗舍和雪橇主都依靠這種方式維持生活。”諾姆的本地人阿龍·伯邁斯特表示,今年他將缺席比賽,選擇陪伴家人。伯邁斯特從事建筑行業(yè),過去十年里八次躋身前十位。

“參加艾迪塔羅德比賽,還有組建狗撬隊(duì)的費(fèi)用超出了承受能力?!彼谡劶把┣林鲿r(shí)說道。

通貨膨脹的影響也不容小覷,幾位雪橇主稱,只有設(shè)置更高的獎(jiǎng)金,才可以吸引年輕的競爭對(duì)手。

衛(wèi)冕冠軍布倫特·薩斯兼任荒野向?qū)зN補(bǔ)收入,他表示,不少雪橇主攢錢困難其實(shí)并不稀奇。

薩斯養(yǎng)了58條狗,每年要買500袋優(yōu)質(zhì)狗糧。幾年前每袋狗糧55美元,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)漲到每袋85美元,一年就要花42,500美元,跟2022年薩斯在艾迪塔羅德比賽中贏得的獎(jiǎng)金差不多。

“參加艾迪塔羅德比賽要做好充分準(zhǔn)備,而且銀行資金要充足?!彼_斯說,他住在費(fèi)爾班克斯以北約四小時(shí)車程的尤里卡。

布瑟稱,再加上比賽所需其他費(fèi)用,現(xiàn)在參加艾迪塔羅德大賽意味著花25萬美元去爭奪4萬美元的冠軍獎(jiǎng)金。

艾迪塔羅德大賽的首席執(zhí)行官羅布·烏爾巴赫指出,在通貨膨脹加劇的情況下,比賽本身就受到了影響。他說,供應(yīng)成本上漲了約30%,2022年單是從南邊48個(gè)州運(yùn)送經(jīng)專門認(rèn)證的供雪橇狗在檢查站睡覺的稻草,就花了近3萬美元。

艾迪塔羅德大賽也被善待動(dòng)物組織(People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)緊盯不放,比賽的大贊助商成了主要目標(biāo)。過去十年里,阿拉斯加航空(Alaska Airlines)、埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)、可口可樂(Coca-Cola)和富國銀行(Wells Fargo)在被善待動(dòng)物組織針對(duì)后,均已經(jīng)停止贊助比賽。

今年2月,善待動(dòng)物組織在安克雷奇和費(fèi)爾班克斯的報(bào)紙上刊登了整版廣告,廣告里是一條哈士奇,也是雪橇犬主要品種,標(biāo)題上寫著:“我們不想去艾迪塔羅德比賽。我們只希望艾迪塔羅德比賽消失?!?/p>

但烏爾巴赫表示,賽事財(cái)務(wù)狀況良好,今年支出應(yīng)該會(huì)稍高一些。排名前20位的選手獲得的獎(jiǎng)金按照比例遞減,其他完賽選手均能夠獲得1,049美元,正好是比賽里程數(shù),盡管實(shí)際里程數(shù)稍少一些。

烏爾巴赫指出,在競爭激烈的各項(xiàng)狗拉雪橇比賽里,此處堪稱給出了“最豐厚的獎(jiǎng)金”,并稱善待動(dòng)物組織的舉動(dòng)“對(duì)大多數(shù)阿拉斯加人來說相當(dāng)無禮”。

人們也擔(dān)心氣候變化對(duì)比賽未來的影響。

由于氣候變暖,2003年、2015年和2017年阿拉斯加山脈雪量太小,組織者被迫將起跑線從威洛向北290英里(467千米)改到費(fèi)爾班克斯。受冬季條件惡劣和城市發(fā)展影響,2008年艾迪塔羅德比賽正式將起點(diǎn)從瓦西拉向北約30英里(48千米)移至威洛,而瓦西拉之前一次設(shè)為起點(diǎn)是在2002年。

阿拉斯加費(fèi)爾班克斯大學(xué)(University of Alaska Fairbanks)國際北極研究中心(International Arctic Research Center)的氣候?qū)<依锟恕ね新硎?,隨著全球變暖加劇,比賽起點(diǎn)向北轉(zhuǎn)移可能更常見。他說,阿拉斯加西海岸的冰也可能變得更薄、更危險(xiǎn)。

“海浪撞擊海灘不一定會(huì)讓冰變薄。”托曼在談到冰融化的影響時(shí)說。“危險(xiǎn)往往是在冰層不穩(wěn)定的地方?!?/p>

隨著挑戰(zhàn)不斷增加,在阿拉斯加死寂的寒冬,在嚴(yán)寒大風(fēng)中為參加艾迪塔羅德大賽拼命訓(xùn)練多年后,今年不少曾經(jīng)獲得多屆冠軍的老將也選擇離開。然而他們發(fā)現(xiàn),很少有人愿意頂上,至少今年沒有看到。

“我剛從坎昆回來,在墨西哥海灘上看Grateful Dead樂隊(duì)的演唱會(huì)?!爆F(xiàn)年67歲的四屆冠軍杰夫·金說。“剛開始我說40歲退役,到66歲我還在參加比賽,所以我覺得沒有對(duì)不起任何人?!?/p>

五屆冠軍達(dá)拉斯·西維表示,2022年的比賽將是最后一次,至少一段時(shí)間不會(huì)再參賽,因?yàn)樗攵嗯闩闩畠骸F渌速惖耐鶎霉谲姲ㄟ_(dá)拉斯的父親,三屆冠軍米奇·西維,還有曾經(jīng)榮獲一次冠軍的約爾·萊夫塞特·烏爾索姆和托馬斯·韋納。

韋納表示,贊助商紛紛退縮,花6萬美元把狗拉雪橇隊(duì)從挪威運(yùn)到阿拉斯加實(shí)在太昂貴。

另一位四屆冠軍蘭斯·麥基在2022年死于癌癥。他是今年比賽的榮譽(yù)選手。3月4日的起跑儀式上,還有3月5日正式比賽開始時(shí),他的孩子阿蒂貢和羅贊乘坐的雪橇將第一個(gè)出發(fā)。

如此一來,今年的賽場上就只剩下兩位前冠軍,薩斯和皮特·凱澤。

薩斯表示,相信艾迪塔羅德大賽可以度過本輪難關(guān)。

“如果我們能夠堅(jiān)持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)下去,我想情況就會(huì)好起來,希望所有事情可以控制住,很多費(fèi)用能夠降低一點(diǎn)?!彼_斯說?!叭绻梢赃@樣,參賽人數(shù)就有望回升。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

The second half-century for the world’s most famous sled dog race is getting off to a rough start.

Only 33 mushers will participate in the ceremonial start of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race on March 4, the smallest field ever to take their dog teams nearly 1,000 miles (1,609 kilometers) over Alaska’s unforgiving wilderness. This year’s lineup is smaller even than that of the 34 mushers who lined up for the very first race in 1973.

The small pool of mushers is raising concerns about the future of an iconic race that has taken hits from the pandemic, climate change, inflation and the loss of deep-pocketed sponsors, just as multiple big-name mushing champions are retiring with few to take their place.

The largest field ever was 96 mushers in 2008; the average number of mushers starting the race over the last 50 years was 63.

“It’s a little scary when you look at it that way,” said four-time winner Martin Buser, 64, who retired after completing his 39th race last year. “Hopefully it’s not a state of the event and … it’s just a temporary lull.”

The Iditarod is the most prestigious sled dog race in the world, taking competitors over two mountain ranges, the frozen Yukon River and treacherous Bering Sea ice in frigid temperatures before ending in the old Gold Rush town of Nome. The roughly 10-day event begins with a “ceremonial start” in Anchorage on March 4, followed by the competitive start in Willow, about 70 miles (113 kilometers) to the north, on March 5.

And while the world-renowned race has the highest winner’s purse of any sled dog competition, the winner only pockets about $50,000 before taxes — a payout that is less appealing amid inflation and the continued reverberations of the pandemic.

Many mushers supplement their income by offering uniquely Alaska experiences to cruise ship passengers, but for several years the pandemic has meant fewer summer visitors to shell out money for a sled dog ride on a glacier.

“There’s a lot of kennels and a lot of mushers that rely on that to keep going,” said Aaron Burmeister, a Nome native who is sitting out this year’s race to spend more time with family. Burmeister, who works construction, has had eight top 10 finishes in the last decade.

“Being able to race the Iditarod and the expense of putting together a race team became more than they could bear to maintain themselves,” he said of mushers.

Inflation has also taken a toll, and several mushers said they’d like to see a higher prize purse to attract younger competitors.

Defending champion Brent Sass, who supplements his income as a wilderness guide, isn’t surprised some mushers are taking a break to build up bank accounts.

Sass, who has 58 dogs, orders 500 bags of high-quality dog food a year. Each bag cost $55 a few years ago, but that has swelled to $85 per bag — or about $42,500 total a year. That’s about how much money Sass pocketed from his Iditarod win last year.

“You got to be totally prepared to run Iditarod, and have enough money in the bank to do it,” said Sass, who lives in Eureka, about a four-hour drive north of Fairbanks.

With other race costs, Buser said running the Iditarod now can mean spending $250,000 to win a $40,000 championship.

The race itself has suffered under the increased inflation, Iditarod CEO Rob Urbach said. Supply costs have gone up about 30%, he said, and last year it cost nearly $30,000 to transport specially certified straw from the lower 48 for dogs to sleep on at race checkpoints.

The Iditarod also continues to be dogged by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which has targeted the race’s biggest sponsors. Over the past decade, Alaska Airlines, ExxonMobil, Coca-Cola and Wells Fargo have ended race sponsorships after being targeted by PETA.

PETA took out full-page newspaper ads in Anchorage and Fairbanks in February with a husky — the predominate sled dog breed — prominently featured with the headline, “We don’t want to go to the Iditarod. We just want the Iditarod to go.”

But Urbach said the race’s financial health is good, and payouts should be a little higher this year. The top 20 finishers receive payouts on a sliding scale, and every other finisher gets $1,049, reflecting the stated mileage of the race, though the actual mileage is lower.

Urbach noted they are paying “the healthiest prize money” among competitive sled dog races and called the PETA campaign “pretty offensive, I think, to most Alaskans.”

There’s also worry about the future of the race because of climate change.

The warming climate forced organizers to move the starting line 290 miles (467 kilometers) north from Willow to Fairbanks in 2003, 2015 and 2017 because of a lack of snow in the Alaska Range. Poor winter conditions and urban growth likewise led the Iditarod to officially move the start from Wasilla about 30 miles (48 kilometers) north to Willow in 2008, even though Wasilla last hosted the start in 2002.

Moving the start of the race north will likely become more common as global warming advances, said Rick Thoman, a climate specialist at the International Arctic Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Ice on Alaska’s western coast could also get thinner and more dangerous, he said.

“It doesn’t have to be that there’s waves crashing on the beach,” Thoman said of the impacts of ice melt. “It just has to be at the point where the ice is not stable.”

As challenges stack up, several veteran mushers with multiple championships have stepped away this year after decades of braving the frigid and windy conditions to train in the dead of the Alaska winter for the Iditarod. They are finding that few are willing to take their place, at least this year.

“I just got back from Cancun to see the Grateful Dead play on the beaches of Mexico,” said four-time champion Jeff King, who is now 67. “I first said I was going to retire at 40, and I ran the race at 66, so I don’t feel like I’m bailing on anybody.”

Five-time champion Dallas Seavey said last year’s race would be his last, at least for a while, to spend time with his daughter. Other past champions not racing include Dallas’ father, three-time champion Mitch Seavey, and Joar Leifseth Ulsom and Thomas Waerner, who have one title each.

Waerner said sponsors are holding back, and it’s too expensive to pay $60,000 to get his team from Norway to Alaska.

Lance Mackey, another four-time champion, died last year from cancer. He is the honorary musher for this year’s race, and his children, Atigun and Lozen, will ride in the first sled to leave the ceremonial start line in Anchorage and during the competitive start on March 5.

That leaves two former winners in this year’s field, Sass and Pete Kaiser.

Sass said he is confident the Iditarod will survive this downturn.

“If we can just keep the train rolling forward, I think it’s going to come back, and hopefully our world can get things under control and things maybe get a little less expensive,” Sass said. “I think that’s going to help get our numbers back up.”

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