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老板們的噩夢(mèng)?AI和遠(yuǎn)程辦公讓打工人干起了多份兼職

TRISTAN BOVE
2023-05-20

面對(duì)員工擁有更靈活的工作時(shí)間和更大獨(dú)立性的事實(shí),老板們可不會(huì)這么高興。

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夜貓子交易員工作到深夜,一個(gè)男人在他的家庭辦公室里分析市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)并進(jìn)行信息交流。照片來源:ALEXANDR MU?UC

科技本應(yīng)拉近我們之間的距離,但它卻助長(zhǎng)了偏執(zhí)和不信任——至少在職場(chǎng)是這樣。

遠(yuǎn)程辦公時(shí)代幫助女性、殘疾人更好地融入了職場(chǎng)。但面對(duì)員工擁有更靈活的工作時(shí)間和更大獨(dú)立性的事實(shí),老板們可不會(huì)這么高興,特別是現(xiàn)在有一些員工開始利用他們新獲得的自由同時(shí)打多份工。

在讓員工每周重返辦公室工作幾天的斗爭(zhēng)中,老板們可能開始占據(jù)上風(fēng)了,但這并不一定意味著他們能夠遏制員工“過度就業(yè)”的勢(shì)頭。人工智能的快速發(fā)展可能會(huì)成為員工手中的下一張王牌,幫助他們盡可能多地利用業(yè)余時(shí)間做點(diǎn)兼職。

人工智能以ChatGPT等大受歡迎的應(yīng)用程序的形式出現(xiàn)在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域,已經(jīng)在改變職場(chǎng),預(yù)計(jì)還可能對(duì)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生重大影響。麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)和斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford)的研究人員今年4月進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ChatGPT等生成式人工智能工具可以讓員工的工作效率提高近14%,而新手和低技能員工的工作速度則可以提高35%。

周一,對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理、億萬(wàn)富翁保羅·都鐸·瓊斯在接受CNBC采訪時(shí)表示,就對(duì)生產(chǎn)力的影響而言,這項(xiàng)各家公司已經(jīng)投入了數(shù)十億美元的技術(shù)或許可以與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相媲美。

“我確實(shí)認(rèn)為,大型語(yǔ)言模型(和)人工智能的引入,將創(chuàng)造出在過去75年里只出現(xiàn)過幾次的生產(chǎn)力繁榮?!彼f,“比如說,這種大型語(yǔ)言模型將在未來五年使我們的生產(chǎn)力實(shí)現(xiàn)1.5%的增長(zhǎng),我認(rèn)為這是可能的。”

雇主們已經(jīng)在考慮如何利用人工智能來提高公司的產(chǎn)出。例如,數(shù)字營(yíng)銷公司Clearlink的首席執(zhí)行官詹姆斯?克拉克在上個(gè)月的一次視頻演講中宣稱,在意識(shí)到人工智能可以在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一些人類通常需要一整個(gè)8小時(shí)工作日才能完成的寫作工作后,該公司應(yīng)該“把正常輸出提高30到50倍”。

但對(duì)公司來說,將這些生產(chǎn)率的提高轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際輸出可能并不容易,因?yàn)橐恍┕と艘呀?jīng)在使用他們?cè)谝咔槠陂g鍛煉出來的“過度就業(yè)”技能,利用人工智能同時(shí)打多份工,克拉克也注意到了這一點(diǎn)。

“我們的一些開發(fā)者可能在為兩家不同的公司打工。我們不掌握。我們希望不是這樣,但我們不知道事實(shí)到底如何。”他在講話中說。

克拉克可能有充分的理由擔(dān)心,因?yàn)榉婚g已經(jīng)有證據(jù)表明,工人們正在利用人工智能兼職來賺更多的錢。ChatGPT的用戶用它起草越來越有說服力的求職信來申請(qǐng)多份崗位。上個(gè)月,Vice報(bào)道稱,他們與多名因?yàn)镃hatGPT的幫助同時(shí)打四份工的員工進(jìn)行了交談。得益于遠(yuǎn)程辦公的工作方式和技術(shù)發(fā)展,一名打多份工的員工能將年薪從50萬(wàn)美元提高到80萬(wàn)美元?!敦?cái)富》雜志無(wú)法獨(dú)立核實(shí)這些報(bào)道。

在疫情期間,工人們?cè)谶h(yuǎn)程辦公中修煉了同時(shí)做多份工作的藝術(shù),在每周工作40小時(shí)的前提下,通??梢垣@得兩份全職工資。疫情期間的躺平現(xiàn)象(即員工只完成最低限度的工作要求),被人們主要?dú)w因于普遍的倦怠,但這也讓一些員工得以同時(shí)打多份工,每一份都表現(xiàn)平平。

但是,雖然人工智能對(duì)那些打多份工的員工來說是一個(gè)福音,它也可能擴(kuò)大員工與雇主之間的信任缺口,而這種信任本來就已經(jīng)因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)程辦公被嚴(yán)重侵蝕了。雖然員工們一直堅(jiān)稱,他們?cè)诩夜ぷ鞯男逝c在辦公室一樣高,甚至更高,但像埃隆·馬斯克甚至ChatGPT的開發(fā)公司OpenAI的首席執(zhí)行官薩姆·奧特曼等老板都遠(yuǎn)沒有被說服。

雇主們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)非常不確定員工在家是否能夠高效辦公,以至于有些雇主甚至訴諸遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控技術(shù)來密切關(guān)注在家工作的員工。一些公司在員工遠(yuǎn)程辦公之前就已經(jīng)在暗中監(jiān)視他們了,比如美國(guó)最大的銀行摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase),在疫情開始前不久推出了一個(gè)被員工們稱為“老大哥”的數(shù)據(jù)收集和員工監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。

疫情結(jié)束后,這一趨勢(shì)愈發(fā)流行,巴克萊銀行(Barclays Bank)和聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)(UnitedHealth Group)等公司開始追蹤員工的一舉一動(dòng),從寫電子郵件花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間到他們?cè)阪I盤上敲入了什么。但就在員工和老板似乎在遠(yuǎn)程辦公的問題上就要達(dá)成妥協(xié)之際,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展可能會(huì)再次激起舊日的偏執(zhí)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

夜貓子交易員工作到深夜,一個(gè)男人在他的家庭辦公室里分析市場(chǎng)趨勢(shì)并進(jìn)行信息交流。

照片來源:ALEXANDR MU?UC

科技本應(yīng)拉近我們之間的距離,但它卻助長(zhǎng)了偏執(zhí)和不信任——至少在職場(chǎng)是這樣。

遠(yuǎn)程辦公時(shí)代幫助女性、殘疾人更好地融入了職場(chǎng)。但面對(duì)員工擁有更靈活的工作時(shí)間和更大獨(dú)立性的事實(shí),老板們可不會(huì)這么高興,特別是現(xiàn)在有一些員工開始利用他們新獲得的自由同時(shí)打多份工。

在讓員工每周重返辦公室工作幾天的斗爭(zhēng)中,老板們可能開始占據(jù)上風(fēng)了,但這并不一定意味著他們能夠遏制員工“過度就業(yè)”的勢(shì)頭。人工智能的快速發(fā)展可能會(huì)成為員工手中的下一張王牌,幫助他們盡可能多地利用業(yè)余時(shí)間做點(diǎn)兼職。

人工智能以ChatGPT等大受歡迎的應(yīng)用程序的形式出現(xiàn)在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域,已經(jīng)在改變職場(chǎng),預(yù)計(jì)還可能對(duì)生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生重大影響。麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)和斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford)的研究人員今年4月進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ChatGPT等生成式人工智能工具可以讓員工的工作效率提高近14%,而新手和低技能員工的工作速度則可以提高35%。

周一,對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理、億萬(wàn)富翁保羅·都鐸·瓊斯在接受CNBC采訪時(shí)表示,就對(duì)生產(chǎn)力的影響而言,這項(xiàng)各家公司已經(jīng)投入了數(shù)十億美元的技術(shù)或許可以與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相媲美。

“我確實(shí)認(rèn)為,大型語(yǔ)言模型(和)人工智能的引入,將創(chuàng)造出在過去75年里只出現(xiàn)過幾次的生產(chǎn)力繁榮?!彼f,“比如說,這種大型語(yǔ)言模型將在未來五年使我們的生產(chǎn)力實(shí)現(xiàn)1.5%的增長(zhǎng),我認(rèn)為這是可能的?!?/p>

雇主們已經(jīng)在考慮如何利用人工智能來提高公司的產(chǎn)出。例如,數(shù)字營(yíng)銷公司Clearlink的首席執(zhí)行官詹姆斯?克拉克在上個(gè)月的一次視頻演講中宣稱,在意識(shí)到人工智能可以在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一些人類通常需要一整個(gè)8小時(shí)工作日才能完成的寫作工作后,該公司應(yīng)該“把正常輸出提高30到50倍”。

但對(duì)公司來說,將這些生產(chǎn)率的提高轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際輸出可能并不容易,因?yàn)橐恍┕と艘呀?jīng)在使用他們?cè)谝咔槠陂g鍛煉出來的“過度就業(yè)”技能,利用人工智能同時(shí)打多份工,克拉克也注意到了這一點(diǎn)。

“我們的一些開發(fā)者可能在為兩家不同的公司打工。我們不掌握。我們希望不是這樣,但我們不知道事實(shí)到底如何?!彼谥v話中說。

克拉克可能有充分的理由擔(dān)心,因?yàn)榉婚g已經(jīng)有證據(jù)表明,工人們正在利用人工智能兼職來賺更多的錢。ChatGPT的用戶用它起草越來越有說服力的求職信來申請(qǐng)多份崗位。上個(gè)月,Vice報(bào)道稱,他們與多名因?yàn)镃hatGPT的幫助同時(shí)打四份工的員工進(jìn)行了交談。得益于遠(yuǎn)程辦公的工作方式和技術(shù)發(fā)展,一名打多份工的員工能將年薪從50萬(wàn)美元提高到80萬(wàn)美元?!敦?cái)富》雜志無(wú)法獨(dú)立核實(shí)這些報(bào)道。

在疫情期間,工人們?cè)谶h(yuǎn)程辦公中修煉了同時(shí)做多份工作的藝術(shù),在每周工作40小時(shí)的前提下,通常可以獲得兩份全職工資。疫情期間的躺平現(xiàn)象(即員工只完成最低限度的工作要求),被人們主要?dú)w因于普遍的倦怠,但這也讓一些員工得以同時(shí)打多份工,每一份都表現(xiàn)平平。

但是,雖然人工智能對(duì)那些打多份工的員工來說是一個(gè)福音,它也可能擴(kuò)大員工與雇主之間的信任缺口,而這種信任本來就已經(jīng)因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)程辦公被嚴(yán)重侵蝕了。雖然員工們一直堅(jiān)稱,他們?cè)诩夜ぷ鞯男逝c在辦公室一樣高,甚至更高,但像埃隆·馬斯克甚至ChatGPT的開發(fā)公司OpenAI的首席執(zhí)行官薩姆·奧特曼等老板都遠(yuǎn)沒有被說服。

雇主們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)非常不確定員工在家是否能夠高效辦公,以至于有些雇主甚至訴諸遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控技術(shù)來密切關(guān)注在家工作的員工。一些公司在員工遠(yuǎn)程辦公之前就已經(jīng)在暗中監(jiān)視他們了,比如美國(guó)最大的銀行摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase),在疫情開始前不久推出了一個(gè)被員工們稱為“老大哥”的數(shù)據(jù)收集和員工監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。

疫情結(jié)束后,這一趨勢(shì)愈發(fā)流行,巴克萊銀行(Barclays Bank)和聯(lián)合健康集團(tuán)(UnitedHealth Group)等公司開始追蹤員工的一舉一動(dòng),從寫電子郵件花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間到他們?cè)阪I盤上敲入了什么。但就在員工和老板似乎在遠(yuǎn)程辦公的問題上就要達(dá)成妥協(xié)之際,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展可能會(huì)再次激起舊日的偏執(zhí)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Agatha

The Night Owl Trader Working late into the night, a man is seen from behind as he analyzes market trends and exchange information in his home office.

ALEXANDR MU?UC

Technology was supposed to bring us closer together, but instead it’s fueling paranoia and mistrust—in the workplace at least.

The age of remote work helped women, people with disabilities, and members of the LGBTQ+ community feel more included in the workplace. But bosses were never completely comfortable with employees having more flexible hours and greater independence, especially since some workers started using their new-found freedom to work multiple jobs at once.

Corporate leaders might be starting to gain an edge in the battle to have employees back in the office a few days a week, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they’ll be able to clamp down on their workers’ “overemployment.” Rapid advances in artificial intelligence could become the next ace up employees’ sleeve in their quest to fill up their days with as many side-hustles as possible.

The commercial advent of A.I. in the form of wildly popular applications like ChatGPT is already transforming offices, and could have major implications for productivity expectations. Generative A.I. tools like ChatGPT could make workers nearly 14% more productive, an April study by MIT and Stanford researchers found, while novice and low-skilled employees were able to work 35% faster than they would have without an A.I. assistant.

The technology, in which companies are already investing billions, could rival the Internet and modern infrastructure in terms of its impact on worker productivity, billionaire hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones told CNBC on Monday.

“I do think the introduction of large language models [and] artificial intelligence, is going to create a productivity boom that we’ve only seen a few times in the last 75 years,” he said. “Let’s say that this large language model is going to give us a productivity boom of 1.5% over the next five years per year, which I think is possible.”

Employers are already thinking about how they can tap A.I. to improve their companies’ output. For example, James Clark, CEO of digital marketing firm Clearlink, declared in a video address last month that the company should “put out 30 to 50 times our normal production” after he realized that A.I. could accomplish in 30 minutes some content writing jobs that would normally take humans a full eight-hour workday.

But absorbing all those productivity gains for themselves might not be an easy task for companies, as some workers are already applying their overemployment skills honed during the pandemic and taking advantage of A.I. to work multiple jobs at once, a fact that wasn’t lost on Clark.

“Some of our developers could be working for two different companies. We don’t know. We hope that’s not the case, but we don’t know,” he said during his address.

Clark may have good reason to worry, as anecdotal evidence is already emerging of workers tapping A.I. to earn more on the side. Users are using ChatGPT to write increasingly convincing cover letters to apply for multiple jobs, and last month, Vice reported it had spoken with multiple workers who were holding up to four jobs at once thanks to ChatGPT. One overemployed worker was able to increase their salary from $500,000 to $800,000 a year thanks to the technology—and working remotely. Fortune could not independently verify those reports.

Workers refined the art of doing multiple jobs at once while working remotely during the pandemic, often earning two full-time salaries while still working a manageable 40 hours a week. The pandemic-era phenomenon of quiet quitting, when employees did the bare minimum of their job requirements, has been primarily attributed to widespread burnout, but it has also allowed some workers to get by with a mediocre performance at multiple jobs.

But even if A.I. could be a boon to workers seeking to become overemployed, it might also widen the gap in trust between themselves and their employers, which has already been severely eroded by remote work. While workers have long insisted that they are just as productive working from home as they are in the office, if not more so, bosses like Elon Musk and even Sam Altman, CEO of ChatGPT creator OpenAI, are far from convinced.

Employers have become so uncertain about whether their workers are being productive at home that some have resorted to remote monitoring technology to keep tabs on their at-home employees. Some companies were already spying on employees before they went remote, like JPMorgan Chase, the country’s largest bank, which launched a data-collection and employee monitoring system shortly before the pandemic began that staffers referred to as “Big Brother.”

The trend caught on during the pandemic, with companies like Barclays Bank and UnitedHealth Group tracking everything from how long it took them to write an email to what they typed on their keyboards. But just as employees and bosses are seemingly reaching a compromise over remote work, a new technological development could be poised to stir up old paranoias.

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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