一年多以來,許多人都擔(dān)心美國經(jīng)濟陷入經(jīng)濟衰退,因此這次假設(shè)的經(jīng)濟衰退,可能已經(jīng)成為史上被最廣泛預(yù)測的一次衰退。經(jīng)濟衰退為什么似乎無法避免?可能是美國自去年3月以來的連續(xù)10次加息,后續(xù)的房地產(chǎn)市場低迷,或者2022年各行各業(yè)的大規(guī)模裁員和長期股市動蕩,使美國經(jīng)濟尤其是科技行業(yè)瀕臨衰退。罪魁禍首也可能是所有這些原因疊加(再加上通貨膨脹)。但現(xiàn)在,一位知名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家卻表示,我們不必為即將發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退而憂心忡忡,因為經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已。他表示,我們觀察的角度是錯誤的。
羅森伯格研究公司(Rosenberg Research)的創(chuàng)始人、前華爾街首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·羅森伯格在周四發(fā)推文稱:“沒有人討論今天發(fā)布的實際GDI數(shù)據(jù)?!彼f的是當(dāng)天發(fā)布的國內(nèi)總收入(GDI)數(shù)據(jù)。羅森伯格曾在Gluskin Sheff和美林(Merrill Lynch)等華爾街機構(gòu)任職近二十年。
沒有人討論今天發(fā)布的實際GDI數(shù)據(jù)。實際GDI去年第四季度下降了3.3%,今年第一季度下降了2.3%(按年率季節(jié)調(diào)整后)。將GDI與GDP平均計算,美國經(jīng)濟在過去5個季度,已經(jīng)連續(xù)四個季度萎縮!經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已。pic.twitter.com/uFm5TZnY9F
—— 大衛(wèi)·羅森伯格(@EconguyRosie)2023年5月25日
2023年第一季度國內(nèi)總收入下降2.3%,2022年最后一個季度下降了3.3%。這是自新冠疫情爆發(fā)以來最嚴重的連續(xù)兩個季度下降,而連續(xù)兩個季度下降就是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們所說的“技術(shù)性衰退”。
另一方面,從國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)數(shù)據(jù)來看,今年第一季度美國經(jīng)濟增長1.3%,已經(jīng)避免了衰退。GDI和GDP是衡量經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵指標。羅森伯格認為,所有人都忽視了一個關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)點所傳達出來的信息。
羅森伯格寫道:“將GDI與GDP平均計算,美國經(jīng)濟在過去5個季度,已經(jīng)連續(xù)4個季度萎縮!經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已?!?/p>
GDI和GDP兩個指標息息相關(guān),它們所衡量的對象幾乎相同,但并未完全一樣。經(jīng)濟分析局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)認為,GDI衡量的是構(gòu)成GDP的所有要素的銷售收入和生產(chǎn)成本,而GDP通常被認為是更可靠的估算。悲觀的GDI數(shù)據(jù)表明,雖然美國持續(xù)加息和收緊可用信貸額度,但高通脹依舊導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟增速放緩。
情況有多悲觀?
但金融市場如何(或是否)將潛在的經(jīng)濟衰退考慮在內(nèi),目前仍沒有定論。今年前幾個月的強勁數(shù)據(jù),包括低失業(yè)率、穩(wěn)健的消費者支出和緩慢的GDP增長數(shù)據(jù)等,使投資者們紛紛期待,即使發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退,也應(yīng)該是適度衰退。
幾個月來,羅森伯格一直對美國經(jīng)濟持悲觀態(tài)度,他強調(diào)金融市場對于經(jīng)濟衰退的看法存在脫節(jié)。他在周四發(fā)布的推文中指出,標普500指數(shù)中的關(guān)鍵行業(yè),如交通運輸和非必需消費品等,都與經(jīng)濟健康息息相關(guān),而這些行業(yè)的交易水平嚴重下降。羅森伯格認為,這體現(xiàn)出來的經(jīng)濟衰退,與歷史上發(fā)生過的許多次經(jīng)濟衰退類似,例如2008年金融危機期間。自今年年初以來,標普500指數(shù)整體上漲9.64%。
但即使在今年早些時候,這位華爾街資深經(jīng)濟學(xué)家也并不完全相信當(dāng)時的積極論調(diào)。2月,他發(fā)推文稱,美國經(jīng)濟“不著陸”的觀點是不現(xiàn)實的。所謂“不著陸”的情況是指加息未引發(fā)經(jīng)濟衰退,同時通脹率依舊居高不下,但經(jīng)濟維持增長。
他在推文中寫道:“‘不著陸’的論調(diào)是自2008年的‘全球脫鉤’以來,華爾街經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們兜售的最大騙局?!彼f的“全球脫鉤”是指新興經(jīng)濟體和發(fā)達國家的商業(yè)周期日益脫節(jié)的一種觀點。
羅森伯格在今年早些時候就曾警告美國會陷入經(jīng)濟衰退,他表示,到美聯(lián)儲暫停加息時,標普500指數(shù)可能下跌30%。
羅森伯格對MarketWatch表示:“經(jīng)濟衰退即將發(fā)生?!?/p>
他提到經(jīng)濟受到的長期沖擊時表示:“市場通常會在經(jīng)濟衰退的后期,即進入美聯(lián)儲的寬松周期后觸底。”
如果其他長期指標可信,例如銅價等,我們或許比投資者們預(yù)期的更接近經(jīng)濟衰退。
經(jīng)紀公司StoneX的基本金屬分析師娜塔莉·斯科特-格雷向《金融時報》談?wù)撱~價時表示:“這是我們看到的第一個切實證據(jù),表明西方國家的需求受影響的嚴重程度超出預(yù)期。”作為全球各行各業(yè)使用最廣泛的金屬之一,銅交易量體現(xiàn)了需求情況。
另外一個經(jīng)濟衰退的指標來自公司營收。據(jù)彭博社報道,標普500公司的利潤較前一年預(yù)計平均下降約3.7%,雖然大多數(shù)公司的收益都超出了預(yù)期,但這算不上巨大的勝利,因為分析師已經(jīng)下調(diào)了指導(dǎo)。(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
一年多以來,許多人都擔(dān)心美國經(jīng)濟陷入經(jīng)濟衰退,因此這次假設(shè)的經(jīng)濟衰退,可能已經(jīng)成為史上被最廣泛預(yù)測的一次衰退。經(jīng)濟衰退為什么似乎無法避免?可能是美國自去年3月以來的連續(xù)10次加息,后續(xù)的房地產(chǎn)市場低迷,或者2022年各行各業(yè)的大規(guī)模裁員和長期股市動蕩,使美國經(jīng)濟尤其是科技行業(yè)瀕臨衰退。罪魁禍首也可能是所有這些原因疊加(再加上通貨膨脹)。但現(xiàn)在,一位知名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家卻表示,我們不必為即將發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退而憂心忡忡,因為經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已。他表示,我們觀察的角度是錯誤的。
羅森伯格研究公司(Rosenberg Research)的創(chuàng)始人、前華爾街首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·羅森伯格在周四發(fā)推文稱:“沒有人討論今天發(fā)布的實際GDI數(shù)據(jù)。”他所說的是當(dāng)天發(fā)布的國內(nèi)總收入(GDI)數(shù)據(jù)。羅森伯格曾在Gluskin Sheff和美林(Merrill Lynch)等華爾街機構(gòu)任職近二十年。
沒有人討論今天發(fā)布的實際GDI數(shù)據(jù)。實際GDI去年第四季度下降了3.3%,今年第一季度下降了2.3%(按年率季節(jié)調(diào)整后)。將GDI與GDP平均計算,美國經(jīng)濟在過去5個季度,已經(jīng)連續(xù)四個季度萎縮!經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已。pic.twitter.com/uFm5TZnY9F
—— 大衛(wèi)·羅森伯格(@EconguyRosie)2023年5月25日
2023年第一季度國內(nèi)總收入下降2.3%,2022年最后一個季度下降了3.3%。這是自新冠疫情爆發(fā)以來最嚴重的連續(xù)兩個季度下降,而連續(xù)兩個季度下降就是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們所說的“技術(shù)性衰退”。
另一方面,從國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)數(shù)據(jù)來看,今年第一季度美國經(jīng)濟增長1.3%,已經(jīng)避免了衰退。GDI和GDP是衡量經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵指標。羅森伯格認為,所有人都忽視了一個關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)點所傳達出來的信息。
羅森伯格寫道:“將GDI與GDP平均計算,美國經(jīng)濟在過去5個季度,已經(jīng)連續(xù)4個季度萎縮!經(jīng)濟衰退已經(jīng)發(fā)生,只是沒有人注意而已?!?/p>
GDI和GDP兩個指標息息相關(guān),它們所衡量的對象幾乎相同,但并未完全一樣。經(jīng)濟分析局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)認為,GDI衡量的是構(gòu)成GDP的所有要素的銷售收入和生產(chǎn)成本,而GDP通常被認為是更可靠的估算。悲觀的GDI數(shù)據(jù)表明,雖然美國持續(xù)加息和收緊可用信貸額度,但高通脹依舊導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟增速放緩。
情況有多悲觀?
但金融市場如何(或是否)將潛在的經(jīng)濟衰退考慮在內(nèi),目前仍沒有定論。今年前幾個月的強勁數(shù)據(jù),包括低失業(yè)率、穩(wěn)健的消費者支出和緩慢的GDP增長數(shù)據(jù)等,使投資者們紛紛期待,即使發(fā)生經(jīng)濟衰退,也應(yīng)該是適度衰退。
幾個月來,羅森伯格一直對美國經(jīng)濟持悲觀態(tài)度,他強調(diào)金融市場對于經(jīng)濟衰退的看法存在脫節(jié)。他在周四發(fā)布的推文中指出,標普500指數(shù)中的關(guān)鍵行業(yè),如交通運輸和非必需消費品等,都與經(jīng)濟健康息息相關(guān),而這些行業(yè)的交易水平嚴重下降。羅森伯格認為,這體現(xiàn)出來的經(jīng)濟衰退,與歷史上發(fā)生過的許多次經(jīng)濟衰退類似,例如2008年金融危機期間。自今年年初以來,標普500指數(shù)整體上漲9.64%。
但即使在今年早些時候,這位華爾街資深經(jīng)濟學(xué)家也并不完全相信當(dāng)時的積極論調(diào)。2月,他發(fā)推文稱,美國經(jīng)濟“不著陸”的觀點是不現(xiàn)實的。所謂“不著陸”的情況是指加息未引發(fā)經(jīng)濟衰退,同時通脹率依舊居高不下,但經(jīng)濟維持增長。
他在推文中寫道:“‘不著陸’的論調(diào)是自2008年的‘全球脫鉤’以來,華爾街經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們兜售的最大騙局?!彼f的“全球脫鉤”是指新興經(jīng)濟體和發(fā)達國家的商業(yè)周期日益脫節(jié)的一種觀點。
羅森伯格在今年早些時候就曾警告美國會陷入經(jīng)濟衰退,他表示,到美聯(lián)儲暫停加息時,標普500指數(shù)可能下跌30%。
羅森伯格對MarketWatch表示:“經(jīng)濟衰退即將發(fā)生?!?/p>
他提到經(jīng)濟受到的長期沖擊時表示:“市場通常會在經(jīng)濟衰退的后期,即進入美聯(lián)儲的寬松周期后觸底。”
如果其他長期指標可信,例如銅價等,我們或許比投資者們預(yù)期的更接近經(jīng)濟衰退。
經(jīng)紀公司StoneX的基本金屬分析師娜塔莉·斯科特-格雷向《金融時報》談?wù)撱~價時表示:“這是我們看到的第一個切實證據(jù),表明西方國家的需求受影響的嚴重程度超出預(yù)期。”作為全球各行各業(yè)使用最廣泛的金屬之一,銅交易量體現(xiàn)了需求情況。
另外一個經(jīng)濟衰退的指標來自公司營收。據(jù)彭博社報道,標普500公司的利潤較前一年預(yù)計平均下降約3.7%,雖然大多數(shù)公司的收益都超出了預(yù)期,但這算不上巨大的勝利,因為分析師已經(jīng)下調(diào)了指導(dǎo)。(財富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
For over a year now, so many people have feared the “R” word coming for the economy that this hypothetical recession has likely become the most widely predicted in history. Why did a recession seem inevitable? It could have been the 10 back-to-back interest rate hikes since last March, or the subsequent drag on housing market activity, or the large-scale culling of jobs across sectors and an extended stock market rout in 2022 that left the economy, especially the tech sector, on edge. Or it could have been all of the above (plus inflation.) But now, a well-known economist says we don’t need to look on the horizon for a recession to come—it’s already here and we all missed it. We were looking in the wrong place, he says.
“Nobody talked about the release of real GDI today,” David Rosenberg, the founder of Rosenberg Research and formerly a chief economist on Wall Street for roughly two decades, at Gluskin Sheff and Merrill Lynch, wrote in a tweet Thursday, referring to the gross domestic income numbers that came out the same day.
Nobody talked about the release of real GDI today. It shrunk 2.3% SAAR in Q1 after a 3.3% Q4 contraction. Averaging it out with GDP, the economy has contracted for back-to-back quarters and in 4 of the past 5! The recession has arrived and nobody’s noticed. pic.twitter.com/uFm5TZnY9F
— David Rosenberg (@EconguyRosie) May 25, 2023
GDI dropped 2.3% in the first quarter of 2023, following a 3.3% decrease in the last three months of 2022. That’s the worst decline in two consecutive quarters since the COVID-19 pandemic began—and two consecutive quarters of decline is what economists call a “technical recession.”
When you consider gross domestic product, on the other hand, the economy expanded 1.3% in the first quarter of this year, staving off recession from that perspective. Together, GDI and GDP are considered key indicators of how the economy is doing, and Rosenberg argued that everybody was ignoring what a key data point was conveying.
“Averaging it (GDI) out with GDP, the economy has contracted for back-to-back quarters and in 4 of the past 5!” Rosenberg wrote. “The recession has arrived and nobody’s noticed.”
GDI and GDP are closely related ways of measuring almost the same thing, but not quite. GDI measures the income earned and costs incurred when producing all the sales of stuff in the economy that add up to GDP, but the latter is often considered a more reliable estimate, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Pessimistic GDI data points to an easing pace of economic expansion as a result of high inflation despite persistent interest rate hikes and tighter availability of credit.
How bearish to be?
But how (or whether) the financial markets have factored in a possible recession is still up for debate. Strong data in the initial months of the year, including low unemployment?rate, robust consumer spending, and slow, but positive GDP growth numbers, gave investors the hope that a recession, if it comes, would be mild.
Rosenberg, who has held a bearish view of the economy for months, highlighted the disconnect in how the financial markets were viewing recession. In a Thursday tweet, he pointed out that key industries in the S&P 500 index, such as transport and consumer discretionary, which are tied to the health of the economy, were trading at significantly lower levels. That is symptomatic of a downturn like many others in the past, including during the 2008 financial crisis, according to Rosenberg. The overall S&P 500 index is up 9.64% since the start of the year.
The Wall Street veteran was not entirely sold on the upbeat narrative even earlier this year. In February, he tweeted that the notion of a “no landing” scenario—where interest rate hikes would not spur a recession while the inflation rate remains high and the economy grows—was far from reality.
“The ‘no landing’ narrative is the biggest hoax Wall Street economists have peddled since ‘global decoupling’ in 2008,” Rosenberg tweeted, referring to an idea where business cycles of emerging and developed nations were increasingly diverging.
Rosenberg warned about a recession hitting the U.S. economy even earlier this year, saying that the S&P 500 index could fall as much as 30% by the time the Fed pauses interest rate hikes.
“The recession’s just starting,” Rosenberg told?MarketWatch.
“The market bottoms typically in the sixth or seventh inning of the recession, deep into the Fed easing cycle,” he said, pointing to a prolonged period of pain for the economy.
If other long-time gauges, like the price of copper, are to be believed, we may be closer to a recession now than investors realize.
“It’s the first physical evidence we’re seeing that demand is being impacted worse than expected in the West,” Natalie Scott-Gray, a base metals analyst at broker StoneX, told the Financial Times about copper prices. As one of the most widely consumed metals in the world across industries, copper trade reflects the appetite for demand.
Another indication of recession could be found in corporate earnings. Profits of S&P 500 companies have fallen an estimated average of 3.7% compared to the previous year, and even though the majority of the companies beat their earnings forecasts, it wasn’t as big a win as analysts had already lowered their guidance, Bloomberg reported.