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專家警告政府支出可能加劇股市大起大落

CHLOE TAYLOR
2023-08-11

邁克·威爾森認(rèn)為,美國(guó)“過(guò)度”財(cái)政支出可能對(duì)股市造成負(fù)面影響。

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攝影:CHRISTOPHER GOODNEY/彭博社經(jīng)蓋蒂圖片社提供

美國(guó)股市結(jié)束低迷的2022年之后大幅上漲,但摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的邁克·威爾森認(rèn)為,股市進(jìn)入了“大起大落”的過(guò)程。

作為摩根士丹利的首席美國(guó)股票策略師,威爾森在周末的一篇報(bào)告中對(duì)客戶表示,雖然美國(guó)政府的支出曾支撐過(guò)股市和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,但未來(lái)可能給股市帶來(lái)麻煩。

他表示:“對(duì)于今年的股票市場(chǎng)而言,主要收獲是財(cái)政政策使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度超出預(yù)期,使各界普遍認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大幅下降?!彼€表示,隨著最近債務(wù)上限被取消,這個(gè)趨勢(shì)會(huì)持續(xù)到2025年。

即使面臨美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)快速收緊貨幣政策,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)依舊韌性十足。然而,長(zhǎng)期財(cái)政刺激可能擴(kuò)大政府赤字,這是上周惠譽(yù)(Fitch)下調(diào)美國(guó)信用評(píng)級(jí)的原因之一。

美國(guó)政府稱,財(cái)政開支“保證了美國(guó)人民的福祉”,拜登政府將GDP增長(zhǎng)和通脹降溫作為證明其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策卓有成效的證據(jù)。

威爾森在機(jī)構(gòu)投資者(Institutional Investor)去年的調(diào)查中,憑借預(yù)測(cè)股市暴跌被排在策略師排名的第一位。他認(rèn)為,財(cái)政支出與美國(guó)的失業(yè)率相比顯得尤其“過(guò)度”。上個(gè)月,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率只有3.5%。

他還警告,上周美國(guó)政府債券下跌可能對(duì)股市造成負(fù)面影響。政府債券是支持財(cái)政開支的資金來(lái)源。

他預(yù)測(cè),投資者會(huì)對(duì)股票估值產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。他還表示:“如果因?yàn)楦哒位蛉谫Y成本,導(dǎo)致政府不得不削減財(cái)政支出,那么從去年開始尚未平息的收益下降問(wèn)題,更有可能會(huì)卷土重來(lái)?!?/p>

“大起大落”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

周一,在接受彭博社采訪時(shí),威爾森重申了他的擔(dān)憂。他認(rèn)為,美國(guó)政府可能在太短時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)用了太多財(cái)政資金,這最終可能會(huì)影響到股市的估值。

他表示:“從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看:當(dāng)美國(guó)的失業(yè)率為3.5%的時(shí)候,美國(guó)政府的預(yù)算赤字支出為8%,這真得史無(wú)前例。如果今年美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑,會(huì)發(fā)生什么? [這就是為什么]我認(rèn)為這種大起大落的理論是正確的?!?/p>

標(biāo)普500指數(shù)中包含了許多全世界規(guī)模最大的公司。2022年,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)經(jīng)歷了自金融危機(jī)以來(lái)最低迷的一年,今年到目前為止該指數(shù)上漲了約20%。

雖然許多華爾街巨頭基于今年該藍(lán)籌股指數(shù)的反彈,大幅提高了對(duì)該指數(shù)的價(jià)格目標(biāo),但威爾森卻反其道而行,堅(jiān)稱“熊市仍未結(jié)束。”

他對(duì)彭博社表示:“或許市場(chǎng)有不同預(yù)期,但考慮到當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)估值,這種觀點(diǎn)存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。去年秋天買入股票是好主意,我們進(jìn)行了交易,但持有時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng),但我認(rèn)為在當(dāng)前這個(gè)階段,你需要非常慎重地挑選股票,至少要選擇一些重新回到200日移動(dòng)平均線的投資?!?/p>

標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的200天移動(dòng)平均線約為4,100點(diǎn),比該指數(shù)當(dāng)前的水平低約10%。

威爾森并非唯一一位對(duì)政府增加干預(yù)的影響提出警告的銀行業(yè)者。

上個(gè)月,摩根大通(JPMorgan)CEO杰米·戴蒙在接受《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》采訪時(shí),被問(wèn)到他是否認(rèn)同拜登經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),即拜登政府制定的通過(guò)增加聯(lián)邦政府支出刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一系列政策。

他說(shuō)道:“我認(rèn)為,如果有人針對(duì)未來(lái)10年寫書,肯定有很大篇幅介紹這個(gè)十年如何失敗,抨擊它的效率低下,公司獲利豐厚,與Solyndras破產(chǎn)類似的悲劇再次發(fā)生,因此我會(huì)警告人們可以投資股市,但必須非常慎重?!?/p>

熊市預(yù)測(cè)

作為華爾街知名度最高的空頭之一,威爾森對(duì)美國(guó)股市一直給出悲觀預(yù)測(cè)。他在5月警告,不要被標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的反彈所欺騙。

今年早些時(shí)候,他預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)股市即將下跌20%,并在最近分析了為什么他的預(yù)測(cè)沒有成真。

他在上個(gè)月的客戶報(bào)告中承認(rèn):“我們錯(cuò)了。2023年,在通脹下降和成本降低的大環(huán)境下,股市估值上漲?!?/p>

在周一接受彭博社采訪時(shí),威爾森表示他“本應(yīng)該相信自己的直覺”,在1月份修改他的修改預(yù)測(cè)。當(dāng)時(shí),他擔(dān)心摩根士丹利的前景預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)于悲觀。

他說(shuō)道:“我們沒有考慮到財(cái)政刺激措施的影響,這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。我們以為[政府]會(huì)在真正需要的時(shí)候出臺(tái)財(cái)政刺激政策?!?/p>

目前,他對(duì)2024年6月的基本情景預(yù)測(cè)是,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)下跌至約4,200點(diǎn),較當(dāng)前水平下跌7%。

但在悲觀情景下,他預(yù)測(cè)該藍(lán)籌股指數(shù)將下跌至3,700點(diǎn),這意味著要比當(dāng)前的水平下跌約20%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

美國(guó)股市結(jié)束低迷的2022年之后大幅上漲,但摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)的邁克·威爾森認(rèn)為,股市進(jìn)入了“大起大落”的過(guò)程。

作為摩根士丹利的首席美國(guó)股票策略師,威爾森在周末的一篇報(bào)告中對(duì)客戶表示,雖然美國(guó)政府的支出曾支撐過(guò)股市和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,但未來(lái)可能給股市帶來(lái)麻煩。

他表示:“對(duì)于今年的股票市場(chǎng)而言,主要收獲是財(cái)政政策使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度超出預(yù)期,使各界普遍認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大幅下降?!彼€表示,隨著最近債務(wù)上限被取消,這個(gè)趨勢(shì)會(huì)持續(xù)到2025年。

即使面臨美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)快速收緊貨幣政策,美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)依舊韌性十足。然而,長(zhǎng)期財(cái)政刺激可能擴(kuò)大政府赤字,這是上周惠譽(yù)(Fitch)下調(diào)美國(guó)信用評(píng)級(jí)的原因之一。

美國(guó)政府稱,財(cái)政開支“保證了美國(guó)人民的福祉”,拜登政府將GDP增長(zhǎng)和通脹降溫作為證明其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策卓有成效的證據(jù)。

威爾森在機(jī)構(gòu)投資者(Institutional Investor)去年的調(diào)查中,憑借預(yù)測(cè)股市暴跌被排在策略師排名的第一位。他認(rèn)為,財(cái)政支出與美國(guó)的失業(yè)率相比顯得尤其“過(guò)度”。上個(gè)月,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率只有3.5%。

他還警告,上周美國(guó)政府債券下跌可能對(duì)股市造成負(fù)面影響。政府債券是支持財(cái)政開支的資金來(lái)源。

他預(yù)測(cè),投資者會(huì)對(duì)股票估值產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑。他還表示:“如果因?yàn)楦哒位蛉谫Y成本,導(dǎo)致政府不得不削減財(cái)政支出,那么從去年開始尚未平息的收益下降問(wèn)題,更有可能會(huì)卷土重來(lái)?!?/p>

“大起大落”的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

周一,在接受彭博社采訪時(shí),威爾森重申了他的擔(dān)憂。他認(rèn)為,美國(guó)政府可能在太短時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)用了太多財(cái)政資金,這最終可能會(huì)影響到股市的估值。

他表示:“從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看:當(dāng)美國(guó)的失業(yè)率為3.5%的時(shí)候,美國(guó)政府的預(yù)算赤字支出為8%,這真得史無(wú)前例。如果今年美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑,會(huì)發(fā)生什么? [這就是為什么]我認(rèn)為這種大起大落的理論是正確的。”

標(biāo)普500指數(shù)中包含了許多全世界規(guī)模最大的公司。2022年,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)經(jīng)歷了自金融危機(jī)以來(lái)最低迷的一年,今年到目前為止該指數(shù)上漲了約20%。

雖然許多華爾街巨頭基于今年該藍(lán)籌股指數(shù)的反彈,大幅提高了對(duì)該指數(shù)的價(jià)格目標(biāo),但威爾森卻反其道而行,堅(jiān)稱“熊市仍未結(jié)束?!?

他對(duì)彭博社表示:“或許市場(chǎng)有不同預(yù)期,但考慮到當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)估值,這種觀點(diǎn)存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。去年秋天買入股票是好主意,我們進(jìn)行了交易,但持有時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng),但我認(rèn)為在當(dāng)前這個(gè)階段,你需要非常慎重地挑選股票,至少要選擇一些重新回到200日移動(dòng)平均線的投資。”

標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的200天移動(dòng)平均線約為4,100點(diǎn),比該指數(shù)當(dāng)前的水平低約10%。

威爾森并非唯一一位對(duì)政府增加干預(yù)的影響提出警告的銀行業(yè)者。

上個(gè)月,摩根大通(JPMorgan)CEO杰米·戴蒙在接受《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》采訪時(shí),被問(wèn)到他是否認(rèn)同拜登經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),即拜登政府制定的通過(guò)增加聯(lián)邦政府支出刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一系列政策。

他說(shuō)道:“我認(rèn)為,如果有人針對(duì)未來(lái)10年寫書,肯定有很大篇幅介紹這個(gè)十年如何失敗,抨擊它的效率低下,公司獲利豐厚,與Solyndras破產(chǎn)類似的悲劇再次發(fā)生,因此我會(huì)警告人們可以投資股市,但必須非常慎重?!?/p>

熊市預(yù)測(cè)

作為華爾街知名度最高的空頭之一,威爾森對(duì)美國(guó)股市一直給出悲觀預(yù)測(cè)。他在5月警告,不要被標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的反彈所欺騙。

今年早些時(shí)候,他預(yù)測(cè)美國(guó)股市即將下跌20%,并在最近分析了為什么他的預(yù)測(cè)沒有成真。

他在上個(gè)月的客戶報(bào)告中承認(rèn):“我們錯(cuò)了。2023年,在通脹下降和成本降低的大環(huán)境下,股市估值上漲?!?/p>

在周一接受彭博社采訪時(shí),威爾森表示他“本應(yīng)該相信自己的直覺”,在1月份修改他的修改預(yù)測(cè)。當(dāng)時(shí),他擔(dān)心摩根士丹利的前景預(yù)測(cè)過(guò)于悲觀。

他說(shuō)道:“我們沒有考慮到財(cái)政刺激措施的影響,這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。我們以為[政府]會(huì)在真正需要的時(shí)候出臺(tái)財(cái)政刺激政策?!?/p>

目前,他對(duì)2024年6月的基本情景預(yù)測(cè)是,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)下跌至約4,200點(diǎn),較當(dāng)前水平下跌7%。

但在悲觀情景下,他預(yù)測(cè)該藍(lán)籌股指數(shù)將下跌至3,700點(diǎn),這意味著要比當(dāng)前的水平下跌約20%。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

U.S. stocks have skyrocketed since their dreary end to 2022—but Morgan Stanley’s Mike Wilson is convinced equities are in a “boom-bust” position.

Wilson, the company’s chief U.S. equity strategist, told clients in a weekend note that while U.S. government spending had helped prop up markets and the economy, it could be setting equities up for problems further down the line.

“The main takeaway for the equity market this year is that fiscal policy has allowed the economy to grow faster than forecast, giving rise to the consensus view that the risk of a recession has faded considerably,” he said, adding that with the recent lifting of the debt ceiling this could continue until 2025.

The U.S. economy has remained resilient even in the face of rapid monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve. However, prolonged fiscal stimulus would widen the government deficit—one of the concerns flagged by Fitch when it downgraded America’s credit rating last week.

The government says its spending has “ensured the wellbeing of the people of the United States,” with the Biden administration touting GDP growth and cooling inflation as proof that its economic policies have worked.

Wilson——who was ranked No. 1 in last year’s Institutional Investor survey after correctly predicting the selloff in stocks—noted however that fiscal spending appeared particularly “excessive” when compared to the U.S. unemployment rate, which stood at just 3.5% last month.

He also flagged that last week’s selloff of government bonds—which fund fiscal expenditure—would have consequences for the stock market.

Investors will call into question equity valuations, he predicted, adding: “If fiscal spending must be curtailed due to higher political or funding costs, the unfinished earnings decline that began last year is more likely to resume.”

‘Boom-bust’ risk

In an interview with Bloomberg on Monday, Wilson reiterated his concerns that the U.S. government may be using too much of its fiscal ammunition too soon, which could ultimately dampen stock valuations.

“Think about it this way: they’re doing 8% budget deficit spending when you have 3.5% unemployment—that’s really unprecedented,” he said. “So, what’s going to happen if we do have a slowdown next year? [That’s why] I just think this boom-bust thesis is so correct.”

The S&P 500, which is home to some of the world’s biggest companies, is up almost 20% so far this year after suffering its worst year since the financial crisis in 2022.

And while many Wall Street giants have been drastically raising their price targets for the blue chip index on the back of its rally this year, Wilson has refused to follow suit and insisted that “the bear is still alive.”

“Maybe the markets are looking through it to the to the other side—[but] that’s a risky proposition, given where valuations are,” he told Bloomberg. “It was a great idea to buy stocks last fall, we traded it, we didn’t stick with it long enough, but I think at this stage you need to be very selective for some sort of retracement at least back to the 200-day moving average.”

The S&P 500’s 200-day moving average currently stands at around 4,100 points—almost 10% lower than where the index itself is trading.

Wilson isn’t the only big-name banker to warn about the impact of increased government interventions.

In an interview with The Economist last month, JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon was asked whether he approved of Bidenomics—a raft of policies rolled out by the Biden administration that have involved increasing federal spending in a bid to boost economic growth.

“I think when they write books about this 10 years from now, a lot is going to be about how it didn’t work, [it was] ineffective, companies feeding at the trough, Solyndras taking place again, so I would caution people, yes, do it, but be really careful,” he said.

Bearish predictions

Wilson, one of Wall Street’s most prominent bears, has long been making gloomy predictions about U.S. stocks, warning investors in May not to be fooled by the S&P 500 rally.

Earlier this year, he predicted that a 20% downturn was imminent for U.S. stocks—and has recently reflected on why his projections missed the mark.

“We were wrong,” he conceded in a note to clients last month. “2023 has been a story of higher valuations amid falling inflation and cost cutting.”

In Monday’s interview with Bloomberg, Wilson said he “should have gone with his instinct” and revised his market calls in January when he feared that Morgan Stanley’s outlook was too bearish.

“We missed this fiscal impulse, that was a big mess on our part,” he said. “We thought the fiscal impulse would come at the time that [the government] really needed it.”

His base case for June 2024 is now for the S&P 500 to drop to around 4,200 points—a drop of just 7% from current levels.

In a bear case scenario, however, he has forecast that the blue-chip index could plummet as low as 3,700, meaning they would shed almost 20% from where they are now.

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