跳舞、在游泳池里游泳、在高爾夫球場放棄乘坐高爾夫球車,這些簡單有趣的方式都能增加每天的步數(shù),甚至延長壽命。雖然經(jīng)常有人建議為了健康每天要走10,000步,但3月份發(fā)表的一篇研究報(bào)告卻指出只要8,000步就能發(fā)揮保護(hù)效果。
一篇更新的研究報(bào)告提到了每增加1,000步甚至500步可能產(chǎn)生的救命效果,但研究人員稱,每天只需4,000步就能大幅降低死亡概率。
近日,在《歐洲預(yù)防心臟病學(xué)雜志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上發(fā)表的最新研究分析了17項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù),參與者總計(jì)達(dá)到226,889人。雖然步數(shù)越多越好,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)每天每走500步,可將心血管病因?qū)е碌乃劳鲲L(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低7%,而且每天每走1,000步,可將全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低15%。每天達(dá)到4,000步可顯著降低全因死亡率,甚至每天2,500步就能帶來顯著的健康益處。
該研究的作者稱,每天步數(shù)少于5,000步是一種久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式,是“21世紀(jì)的疾病”。
不同研究的不同觀點(diǎn)
《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)開放版》(Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open)在3月發(fā)表的一篇論文顯示,每周堅(jiān)持每天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未達(dá)到這個(gè)步數(shù)的人,在10年內(nèi)死亡的概率更低。
在3,000多位研究參與者中,每周堅(jiān)持每天或每兩天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未達(dá)到這個(gè)步數(shù)的人,在10年內(nèi)死亡的概率低14.9%。論文稱,每周三至七天步行不少于8,000步的人同期內(nèi)死亡的概率低16.5%。
論文的作者發(fā)現(xiàn),每天步行8,000步的保護(hù)效果,如果每周堅(jiān)持三天就會(huì)趨于平穩(wěn)。
新冠疫情使每日步數(shù)大幅下降
在這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)布的同時(shí),科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到新冠疫情對(duì)全民健康的長期影響。近期在同一份雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,疫情初期,人們每天的步數(shù)大幅下降,至今尚未恢復(fù)。
范德堡大學(xué)(Vanderbilt University)的研究人員研究了疫情前兩年和疫情爆發(fā)后近兩年,約5,500人的每日步數(shù)變化。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在疫情爆發(fā)之后,研究參與者平均每天的步數(shù)減少了約700步,相當(dāng)于每天減少了約三分之一英里。
在疫情爆發(fā)之前,平均每日步數(shù)約為7,808步。疫情爆發(fā)之后約為7,089步。
研究人員稱,這個(gè)趨勢甚至持續(xù)到大多數(shù)疫情限制措施放寬之后。他們的研究結(jié)果“顯示美國疫情爆發(fā)以后,人們的活動(dòng)量呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)、普遍和顯著下降的趨勢”,而且這似乎是一種長期趨勢。
研究的作者表示,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較低者和在疫情期間精神健康狀況惡化者,體育活動(dòng)減少的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高。
研究人員并不確定,步數(shù)減少對(duì)健康的長期影響。但之前的研究顯示,步數(shù)減少可能“顯著增加長期疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,尤其是在心血管代謝健康方面,而貧困者和/或存在精神健康問題的群體尤其容易受到影響。
如何增加步數(shù)
以下是美國運(yùn)動(dòng)基金會(huì)(American on the Move Foundation)建議的增加步數(shù)的幾個(gè)簡單方法:
? 步行取快遞,而且取快遞時(shí)可以圍著街區(qū)多走一圈。
? 飯后散步的時(shí)候與愛人聊一聊當(dāng)天的經(jīng)歷。
? 早上開始通勤前先通過散步讓自己精力充沛。
? 組建辦公室步行俱樂部。
? 自愿為動(dòng)物收容所遛狗。
? 放棄使用電梯,選擇走樓梯。
? 提前幾站下公交車,步行完成剩余路程。
? 不乘坐高爾夫球車打完一輪高爾夫球。
? 到泳池游泳(這也可計(jì)入步數(shù)!)。
? 去夜總會(huì)跳舞。
? 加入室內(nèi)或室外排球隊(duì)。
? 參加網(wǎng)球比賽。
? 到本地的溜冰場滑冰。
? 在停車場將車停放在盡可能遠(yuǎn)的地方。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
跳舞、在游泳池里游泳、在高爾夫球場放棄乘坐高爾夫球車,這些簡單有趣的方式都能增加每天的步數(shù),甚至延長壽命。雖然經(jīng)常有人建議為了健康每天要走10,000步,但3月份發(fā)表的一篇研究報(bào)告卻指出只要8,000步就能發(fā)揮保護(hù)效果。
一篇更新的研究報(bào)告提到了每增加1,000步甚至500步可能產(chǎn)生的救命效果,但研究人員稱,每天只需4,000步就能大幅降低死亡概率。
近日,在《歐洲預(yù)防心臟病學(xué)雜志》(European Journal of Preventive Cardiology)上發(fā)表的最新研究分析了17項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù),參與者總計(jì)達(dá)到226,889人。雖然步數(shù)越多越好,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)每天每走500步,可將心血管病因?qū)е碌乃劳鲲L(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低7%,而且每天每走1,000步,可將全因死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低15%。每天達(dá)到4,000步可顯著降低全因死亡率,甚至每天2,500步就能帶來顯著的健康益處。
該研究的作者稱,每天步數(shù)少于5,000步是一種久坐不動(dòng)的生活方式,是“21世紀(jì)的疾病”。
不同研究的不同觀點(diǎn)
《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)開放版》(Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open)在3月發(fā)表的一篇論文顯示,每周堅(jiān)持每天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未達(dá)到這個(gè)步數(shù)的人,在10年內(nèi)死亡的概率更低。
在3,000多位研究參與者中,每周堅(jiān)持每天或每兩天步行不少于8,000步的人,比未達(dá)到這個(gè)步數(shù)的人,在10年內(nèi)死亡的概率低14.9%。論文稱,每周三至七天步行不少于8,000步的人同期內(nèi)死亡的概率低16.5%。
論文的作者發(fā)現(xiàn),每天步行8,000步的保護(hù)效果,如果每周堅(jiān)持三天就會(huì)趨于平穩(wěn)。
新冠疫情使每日步數(shù)大幅下降
在這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)布的同時(shí),科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到新冠疫情對(duì)全民健康的長期影響。近期在同一份雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,疫情初期,人們每天的步數(shù)大幅下降,至今尚未恢復(fù)。
范德堡大學(xué)(Vanderbilt University)的研究人員研究了疫情前兩年和疫情爆發(fā)后近兩年,約5,500人的每日步數(shù)變化。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在疫情爆發(fā)之后,研究參與者平均每天的步數(shù)減少了約700步,相當(dāng)于每天減少了約三分之一英里。
在疫情爆發(fā)之前,平均每日步數(shù)約為7,808步。疫情爆發(fā)之后約為7,089步。
研究人員稱,這個(gè)趨勢甚至持續(xù)到大多數(shù)疫情限制措施放寬之后。他們的研究結(jié)果“顯示美國疫情爆發(fā)以后,人們的活動(dòng)量呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)、普遍和顯著下降的趨勢”,而且這似乎是一種長期趨勢。
研究的作者表示,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較低者和在疫情期間精神健康狀況惡化者,體育活動(dòng)減少的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高。
研究人員并不確定,步數(shù)減少對(duì)健康的長期影響。但之前的研究顯示,步數(shù)減少可能“顯著增加長期疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,尤其是在心血管代謝健康方面,而貧困者和/或存在精神健康問題的群體尤其容易受到影響。
如何增加步數(shù)
以下是美國運(yùn)動(dòng)基金會(huì)(American on the Move Foundation)建議的增加步數(shù)的幾個(gè)簡單方法:
? 步行取快遞,而且取快遞時(shí)可以圍著街區(qū)多走一圈。
? 飯后散步的時(shí)候與愛人聊一聊當(dāng)天的經(jīng)歷。
? 早上開始通勤前先通過散步讓自己精力充沛。
? 組建辦公室步行俱樂部。
? 自愿為動(dòng)物收容所遛狗。
? 放棄使用電梯,選擇走樓梯。
? 提前幾站下公交車,步行完成剩余路程。
? 不乘坐高爾夫球車打完一輪高爾夫球。
? 到泳池游泳(這也可計(jì)入步數(shù)!)。
? 去夜總會(huì)跳舞。
? 加入室內(nèi)或室外排球隊(duì)。
? 參加網(wǎng)球比賽。
? 到本地的溜冰場滑冰。
? 在停車場將車停放在盡可能遠(yuǎn)的地方。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Dancing, swimming laps at a pool, and skipping the cart on the golf course are easy, fun ways to get your steps in—and maybe even extend your life. Though the popular advice is to aim for 10,000 steps a day for health benefits, research released in March points to the protective effect of just 8,000.
Even newer research released today points to the life-saving benefit of mere 1,000 and even 500 step increments, though 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce the chance of death, researchers say.
The latest research, published Wednesday in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, examined data from 17 studies, with a total of 226,889 participants. While more steps are always better, researchers found that every 500 daily steps taken were associated with a 7% decreased risk in death from cardiovascular causes, and that every 1,000 daily steps taken were associated with a 15% decreased risk of death from all causes. Significant reduction in all-cause mortality was seen at 4,000 steps, and even 2,500 steps per day provided considerable health benefit.
Those who take less than 5,000 steps per day have a sedentary lifestyle, according to the study’s authors, who referred to such a lifestyle as “the disease of the 21st century.”
Different studies, different opinions
People who walked 8,000 or more steps even one day a week were less likely to die over a 10-year period than those who did not, according to a study published in March in the Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open.
Among 3,000-plus participants, those who took at least 8,000 steps one or two days a week were 14.9% less likely to die over a 10-year period than those who did not. People who took 8,000 or more steps three to seven days a week were 16.5% less likely to die over the same period, according to the paper.
The protective effect of 8,000 daily steps plateaued at three days a week, the authors found.
The COVID-19 pandemic sent daily steps plummeting
The research comes as scientists begin to realize the full weight of the pandemic in terms of long-lasting health effects on society. The number of steps people take each day plummeted during the early days of COVID-19—and they’ve yet to recover, according to a study released last week in the same journal.
Researchers with Vanderbilt University examined the daily step patterns of nearly 5,500 people for two years before the pandemic and nearly two years into it. They found that, on average, study participants took about 700 fewer steps per day after the pandemic—equivalent to about a third of a mile less each day.
Pre-pandemic steps were around 7,808 a day. Steps after COVID hovered around 7,089.
The trend continued even after most pandemic restrictions were relaxed, researchers noted. Their findings “suggest a consistent, widespread, and significant decline in activity following the onset of COVID-19 in the U.S.”—and it appears to be a long-term trend, they added.
People of lower socioeconomic status and those who reported worsening mental health during the pandemic were at the highest risk of reduced physical activity, according to the authors.
With steps trending lower, researchers are unsure exactly what the long-term health toll will be. Previous research, however, suggests the drop could make a “substantial contribution to long-term disease risk”—especially in terms of cardiometabolic health, and especially among those who are poor and/or live with mental health challenges, they wrote.
How to add more steps into your day
Here are some easy ways to sneak extra steps into your day, according to the American on the Move Foundation:
? Walk to get the mail, and circle around the block an extra time when you do.
? Chat about the day with loved ones on an after-dinner walk.
? Take an energizing stroll before your morning commute.
? Start an office walking club.
? Volunteer to walk dogs for an animal shelter.
? Take the stairs instead of an escalator or elevator.
? Exit the bus a couple of stops early and walk the rest of the way.
? Play a round of golf, minus the cart.
? Swim laps at a pool (this counts too!).
? Go dancing at a club.
? Join a volleyball team, indoor or outdoor.
? Pick up a tennis match.
? Go ice skating at a local rink.
? Park as far away as you can in parking lots.