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對(duì)于躋身“富人階層”,嬰兒潮一代和Z世代的定義不同

JANE THIER
2023-08-15

對(duì)Z世代來(lái)說(shuō),能夠自己支付賬單和獨(dú)自生活還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。

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對(duì)Z世代來(lái)說(shuō),能夠自己支付賬單和獨(dú)自生活還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。他們還希望提高生活質(zhì)量,過(guò)上自己想要的生活。圖片來(lái)源:KLAUS VEDFELT/GETTY IMAGES

美好生活的定義是什么?對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活意味著有充足的時(shí)間陪伴所愛(ài)的人。對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活意味著購(gòu)買(mǎi)第二套住房或享受奢華度假體驗(yàn)。對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活僅僅意味著能夠自己支付賬單,而不是依賴(lài)父母。

但美國(guó)銀行對(duì)3,000名活躍投資者(和1,000名野心勃勃的投資者)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,不同世代的人對(duì)財(cái)富的定義有著天壤之別。該調(diào)查主要針對(duì)最年長(zhǎng)和最年輕的成年群體,比較了他們?cè)谪?cái)富積累方面的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)和態(tài)度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),嬰兒潮一代對(duì)財(cái)富的定義基本上是單一的,但Z世代對(duì)財(cái)富的定義卻大不相同。

調(diào)查要求受訪(fǎng)者就如何定義“財(cái)富”最多選擇三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。絕大多數(shù)嬰兒潮一代(61%)認(rèn)為,這僅僅意味著財(cái)務(wù)安全。第二常見(jiàn)的答案是“身體健康”(33%),其次是“能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起我想要的生活,而不僅僅是必需品”(28%)。

但對(duì)于Z世代來(lái)說(shuō),財(cái)務(wù)安全還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,他們對(duì)“財(cái)富”的定義存在重大分歧。38%的人將財(cái)富定義為“擁有高品質(zhì)生活”(38%),其次是財(cái)務(wù)安全(36%),再其次是“過(guò)上自己想要的生活”(28%)。

誠(chéng)然,對(duì)“高品質(zhì)生活”的定義因人而異。美國(guó)銀行負(fù)責(zé)財(cái)富、企業(yè)、商業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)銀行業(yè)務(wù)的副主席岡詹·科迪亞在報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道,總的來(lái)說(shuō),在通貨膨脹、高利率和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂(yōu)中,年輕一代在努力積累財(cái)富方面,面臨諸多不利因素。她指出,自1980年以來(lái),大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)上漲了169%,房?jī)r(jià)上漲了540%,學(xué)生貸款借款人平均背負(fù)3.7萬(wàn)美元的債務(wù)。

在這些宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的影響下,年輕員工極容易與他人攀比——甚至為了趕上揮霍無(wú)度的朋友的消費(fèi)檔次而負(fù)債。只有6%的Z世代投資者告訴美國(guó)銀行,他們不會(huì)在財(cái)富和投資目標(biāo)方面與他人攀比(對(duì)于更自信的嬰兒潮來(lái)說(shuō),這一比例躍升至40%)。盡管各個(gè)年齡段的人都傾向于通過(guò)觀(guān)察自己圈子里的人的財(cái)務(wù)狀況和生活方式來(lái)給財(cái)富下定義,但Z世代最有可能在財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面與父母、朋友甚至在社交媒體上的陌生人進(jìn)行攀比。

在奢華度假照片和奢華婚禮的海洋中,人們很容易認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人都很富裕,但實(shí)際情況卻并非如此;超過(guò)一半的美國(guó)人過(guò)著月光族的生活,許多揮金如土的人背負(fù)著數(shù)千美元的信用卡債務(wù)來(lái)維持體面。大多數(shù)人都后悔自己為了給別人留下深刻印象或向揮霍無(wú)度的人看齊而購(gòu)物,而更多的人則后悔沒(méi)有建立應(yīng)急基金或在退休賬戶(hù)中存錢(qián),而這本應(yīng)是積累財(cái)富的首要任務(wù)。

Bankrate高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析師馬克·哈姆里克在最近的一份報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道:“過(guò)得舒適更可能意味著:有能力支付日常開(kāi)支,為退休和緊急情況儲(chǔ)蓄,償還債務(wù),并有一點(diǎn)余錢(qián)偶爾‘揮霍’一下(不管是什么類(lèi)型的揮霍)。通常情況下,人們幻想著躋身‘富人階層’,但大多數(shù)人都渴望得過(guò)且過(guò),或者實(shí)現(xiàn)比這更好一點(diǎn)的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。”這份報(bào)告是關(guān)于美國(guó)人認(rèn)為他們需要多少錢(qián)才能感到財(cái)務(wù)舒適(23.3萬(wàn)美元)。

事實(shí)上,美國(guó)普渡大學(xué)(Purdue University)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),只要大多數(shù)需求得到滿(mǎn)足,還有一點(diǎn)余錢(qián),幸福感就會(huì)趨于穩(wěn)定。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),這個(gè)魔法數(shù)字大約是10萬(wàn)美元。該研究的作者之一安德魯·T·杰布總結(jié)道:“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)觸及了一個(gè)更為廣泛的議題:不同文化背景下金錢(qián)和幸福之間的關(guān)系。金錢(qián)能夠帶來(lái)一部分的快樂(lè)?!?/p>

這似乎是嬰兒潮一代很久以前就學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

美好生活的定義是什么?對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活意味著有充足的時(shí)間陪伴所愛(ài)的人。對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活意味著購(gòu)買(mǎi)第二套住房或享受奢華度假體驗(yàn)。對(duì)另一些人來(lái)說(shuō),美好生活僅僅意味著能夠自己支付賬單,而不是依賴(lài)父母。

但美國(guó)銀行對(duì)3,000名活躍投資者(和1,000名野心勃勃的投資者)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,不同世代的人對(duì)財(cái)富的定義有著天壤之別。該調(diào)查主要針對(duì)最年長(zhǎng)和最年輕的成年群體,比較了他們?cè)谪?cái)富積累方面的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)和態(tài)度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),嬰兒潮一代對(duì)財(cái)富的定義基本上是單一的,但Z世代對(duì)財(cái)富的定義卻大不相同。

調(diào)查要求受訪(fǎng)者就如何定義“財(cái)富”最多選擇三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。絕大多數(shù)嬰兒潮一代(61%)認(rèn)為,這僅僅意味著財(cái)務(wù)安全。第二常見(jiàn)的答案是“身體健康”(33%),其次是“能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起我想要的生活,而不僅僅是必需品”(28%)。

但對(duì)于Z世代來(lái)說(shuō),財(cái)務(wù)安全還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,他們對(duì)“財(cái)富”的定義存在重大分歧。38%的人將財(cái)富定義為“擁有高品質(zhì)生活”(38%),其次是財(cái)務(wù)安全(36%),再其次是“過(guò)上自己想要的生活”(28%)。

誠(chéng)然,對(duì)“高品質(zhì)生活”的定義因人而異。美國(guó)銀行負(fù)責(zé)財(cái)富、企業(yè)、商業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)銀行業(yè)務(wù)的副主席岡詹·科迪亞在報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道,總的來(lái)說(shuō),在通貨膨脹、高利率和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂(yōu)中,年輕一代在努力積累財(cái)富方面,面臨諸多不利因素。她指出,自1980年以來(lái),大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)上漲了169%,房?jī)r(jià)上漲了540%,學(xué)生貸款借款人平均背負(fù)3.7萬(wàn)美元的債務(wù)。

在這些宏觀(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的影響下,年輕員工極容易與他人攀比——甚至為了趕上揮霍無(wú)度的朋友的消費(fèi)檔次而負(fù)債。只有6%的Z世代投資者告訴美國(guó)銀行,他們不會(huì)在財(cái)富和投資目標(biāo)方面與他人攀比(對(duì)于更自信的嬰兒潮來(lái)說(shuō),這一比例躍升至40%)。盡管各個(gè)年齡段的人都傾向于通過(guò)觀(guān)察自己圈子里的人的財(cái)務(wù)狀況和生活方式來(lái)給財(cái)富下定義,但Z世代最有可能在財(cái)務(wù)狀況方面與父母、朋友甚至在社交媒體上的陌生人進(jìn)行攀比。

在奢華度假照片和奢華婚禮的海洋中,人們很容易認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人都很富裕,但實(shí)際情況卻并非如此;超過(guò)一半的美國(guó)人過(guò)著月光族的生活,許多揮金如土的人背負(fù)著數(shù)千美元的信用卡債務(wù)來(lái)維持體面。大多數(shù)人都后悔自己為了給別人留下深刻印象或向揮霍無(wú)度的人看齊而購(gòu)物,而更多的人則后悔沒(méi)有建立應(yīng)急基金或在退休賬戶(hù)中存錢(qián),而這本應(yīng)是積累財(cái)富的首要任務(wù)。

Bankrate高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析師馬克·哈姆里克在最近的一份報(bào)告中寫(xiě)道:“過(guò)得舒適更可能意味著:有能力支付日常開(kāi)支,為退休和緊急情況儲(chǔ)蓄,償還債務(wù),并有一點(diǎn)余錢(qián)偶爾‘揮霍’一下(不管是什么類(lèi)型的揮霍)。通常情況下,人們幻想著躋身‘富人階層’,但大多數(shù)人都渴望得過(guò)且過(guò),或者實(shí)現(xiàn)比這更好一點(diǎn)的財(cái)務(wù)狀況?!边@份報(bào)告是關(guān)于美國(guó)人認(rèn)為他們需要多少錢(qián)才能感到財(cái)務(wù)舒適(23.3萬(wàn)美元)。

事實(shí)上,美國(guó)普渡大學(xué)(Purdue University)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),只要大多數(shù)需求得到滿(mǎn)足,還有一點(diǎn)余錢(qián),幸福感就會(huì)趨于穩(wěn)定。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),這個(gè)魔法數(shù)字大約是10萬(wàn)美元。該研究的作者之一安德魯·T·杰布總結(jié)道:“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)觸及了一個(gè)更為廣泛的議題:不同文化背景下金錢(qián)和幸福之間的關(guān)系。金錢(qián)能夠帶來(lái)一部分的快樂(lè)?!?/p>

這似乎是嬰兒潮一代很久以前就學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

What constitutes a good life? For some, it’s having ample time with loved ones. For others, it’s buying a second home or taking lavish vacations. For others still, it’s just being able to pay your own bills instead of relying on your parents.

But different generations have vastly different ideas of what wealth really means, per a survey of 3,000 active investors (and 1,000 aspiring ones) by U.S. Bank that zeroed in on the oldest and youngest adult age groups to compare their wealth-building priorities and attitudes. It found that boomers largely have a singular definition of wealth, but that’s not quite the case for Gen Z.

The survey asked respondents to select up to three options on how they define “wealth.” The vast majority of baby boomers (61%) agreed that it meant simply having financial security. Their second-most common answer was “having good health” (33%), followed by “being able to afford what I want, not just what I need” (28%).

But simple security wasn’t quite enough for Gen Z, who was more split on what “wealth” meant. Thirty-eight percent defined it as “having a better quality of life” (38%). Being financially secure came in second place (36%), followed by “l(fā)iving life how I want” (28%).

Granted, what defines “better quality” varies by person. But across the board, the deck is stacked against younger generations as they try to build wealth amid inflation, high interest rates, and recession concerns, Gunjan Kedia, vice chair of Wealth, Corporate, Commercial and Institutional Banking, at U.S. Bank, wrote in the report. College tuition costs have increased by 169% since 1980, home prices have risen by 540%, and the average student loan borrower carries $37,000 in debt, she pointed out.

Amid those macroeconomic forces, young workers are particularly prone to comparing themselves to others—and even going into debt to keep up with their spendiest friends. Only 6% of Gen Z investors told U.S. Bank they don’t compare their wealth and investment goals to anyone else’s (that figure jumps to 40% for more self-assured boomers). Gen Zers are also most likely to compare their finances to their parents, friends, and even strangers on social media, although people of all ages tend to define wealth by observing the finances and lifestyles of their people in their circle.

In the sea of luxury vacation photos and over-the-top weddings, it can be easy to assume most people are well-off, but that’s actually a misnomer; more than half of Americans are living paycheck to paycheck, and many big spenders shoulder thousands of dollars in credit card debt to keep up appearances. Most people regret purchases they make in order to impress others or stay on par with spendy peers—and even more regret neglecting to save for their emergency funds or retirement accounts, which should be a priority when building wealth.

“Being capable of paying for ongoing expenses, saving for retirement and emergencies, paying down debt and having a bit more left over for an occasional ‘splurge,’ whatever it might be, is more likely to be aligned with being comfortable,” Mark Hamrick, a Bankrate senior economic analyst, wrote in a recent report about how much Americans think they need to feel financially comfortable (that would be $233,000). “Typically, people fantasize about the notion of getting ‘rich,’ but most aspire to get by or a bit better than that.”

Indeed, research from Purdue University has found that happiness tends to level off as soon as most needs are met, with some money left over. For most people, that magic figure is around $100,000. “These findings speak to a broader issue of money and happiness across cultures,” Andrew T. Jebb, one of the study’s authors, concluded. “Money is only a part of what really makes us happy.”

That’s one lesson boomers seem to have learned long ago.

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