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美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席對(duì)通脹的看法似乎并不令人信服

從2022年3月開始,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的通脹斗士們以40年來最快的速度提高了基準(zhǔn)利率。

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美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾周四表示,通脹率仍然過高,要將其降至美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的目標(biāo)水平,可能需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩和就業(yè)市場(chǎng)降溫。

鮑威爾指出,通脹已較一年前大幅降溫。但他警告說,目前尚不清楚通脹是否正在穩(wěn)步回歸到美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)2%的通脹目標(biāo)。

鮑威爾在對(duì)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)俱樂部(Economic Club of New York)發(fā)表講話時(shí)說:“數(shù)個(gè)月的良好數(shù)據(jù)僅僅是建立信心,并讓我們相信通脹正朝著目標(biāo)水平持續(xù)下降的開端。我們還不知道這些較低的讀數(shù)會(huì)持續(xù)多久,也不知道未來幾個(gè)季度的通脹會(huì)穩(wěn)定在什么水平。"

上個(gè)月,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員預(yù)測(cè),他們將在今年年底前再加息一次,在此之前,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)已連續(xù)加息11次,將基準(zhǔn)利率提升至約5.4%,為22年來的最高水平。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和華爾街交易員預(yù)計(jì),美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將在兩周后的下次會(huì)議上維持利率不變。

至于美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)之后會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng),則不太清楚。鮑威爾在周四的講話中呼應(yīng)了其他美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員的觀點(diǎn),暗示美國經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn):如果經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)仍像今年夏天以來那樣強(qiáng)勁,可能需要進(jìn)一步加息。但是,任何經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)或就業(yè)放緩的跡象都可能有助于減緩?fù)洠姑缆?lián)儲(chǔ)能夠維持利率不變。

從2022年3月開始,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的通脹斗士們以40年來最快的速度提高了基準(zhǔn)利率。這些加息導(dǎo)致整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的借貸利率大幅上升,加大了家庭和企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)壓力。

多位美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員最近暗示,長(zhǎng)期利率(包括30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率目前已接近8%)的快速上調(diào)很可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)降溫,并有助于減緩?fù)?。這將使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)能夠按兵不動(dòng),觀察未來幾個(gè)月經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通脹的變化情況。

但最近的幾份經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)告顯示,經(jīng)濟(jì)仍在強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng),通脹可能持續(xù)走高,這可能需要美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)采取進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)。

鮑威爾說:"有更多證據(jù)表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)持續(xù)高于趨勢(shì)水平,或是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的緊張狀況依舊,這可能使通脹面臨持續(xù)走高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可能需要進(jìn)一步收緊貨幣政策。"

9月份,招聘人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)高于預(yù)期,失業(yè)率保持在近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來的低點(diǎn)。強(qiáng)勁的招聘通常使員工有能力要求加薪,如果雇主通過提高產(chǎn)品價(jià)格來轉(zhuǎn)嫁更高的勞動(dòng)力成本,這反過來可能會(huì)加劇通貨膨脹。

然而,鮑威爾指出,到目前為止,工資增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)放緩。其他衡量就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的指標(biāo)也在降溫,這一趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)抑制通脹。事實(shí)上,即使經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),通脹也在很大程度上有所放緩:美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的物價(jià)變化指標(biāo)9月份同比下降至3.5%,與2022年6月7%的同比峰值相比大幅下降。

周三,一位頗具影響力的美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)委員會(huì)成員克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller)表示,在保持經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境平穩(wěn)健康的情況下,通脹放緩是"好消息",但也"好得令人難以置信"。他指出,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)要么放緩,幫助抑制通脹,要么保持強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭,推動(dòng)通脹上升,從而需要美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)進(jìn)一步加息以遏制通脹。

沃勒說:“現(xiàn)在下結(jié)論還為時(shí)過早。我相信我們可以等待,觀察經(jīng)濟(jì)如何發(fā)展,然后再采取明確的措施?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾周四表示,通脹率仍然過高,要將其降至美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的目標(biāo)水平,可能需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩和就業(yè)市場(chǎng)降溫。

鮑威爾指出,通脹已較一年前大幅降溫。但他警告說,目前尚不清楚通脹是否正在穩(wěn)步回歸到美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)2%的通脹目標(biāo)。

鮑威爾在對(duì)紐約經(jīng)濟(jì)俱樂部(Economic Club of New York)發(fā)表講話時(shí)說:“數(shù)個(gè)月的良好數(shù)據(jù)僅僅是建立信心,并讓我們相信通脹正朝著目標(biāo)水平持續(xù)下降的開端。我們還不知道這些較低的讀數(shù)會(huì)持續(xù)多久,也不知道未來幾個(gè)季度的通脹會(huì)穩(wěn)定在什么水平。"

上個(gè)月,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員預(yù)測(cè),他們將在今年年底前再加息一次,在此之前,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)已連續(xù)加息11次,將基準(zhǔn)利率提升至約5.4%,為22年來的最高水平。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和華爾街交易員預(yù)計(jì),美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將在兩周后的下次會(huì)議上維持利率不變。

至于美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)之后會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng),則不太清楚。鮑威爾在周四的講話中呼應(yīng)了其他美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員的觀點(diǎn),暗示美國經(jīng)濟(jì)正處于轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn):如果經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)仍像今年夏天以來那樣強(qiáng)勁,可能需要進(jìn)一步加息。但是,任何經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)或就業(yè)放緩的跡象都可能有助于減緩?fù)?,使美?lián)儲(chǔ)能夠維持利率不變。

從2022年3月開始,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的通脹斗士們以40年來最快的速度提高了基準(zhǔn)利率。這些加息導(dǎo)致整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的借貸利率大幅上升,加大了家庭和企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)壓力。

多位美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員最近暗示,長(zhǎng)期利率(包括30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率目前已接近8%)的快速上調(diào)很可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)降溫,并有助于減緩?fù)洝_@將使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)能夠按兵不動(dòng),觀察未來幾個(gè)月經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和通脹的變化情況。

但最近的幾份經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)告顯示,經(jīng)濟(jì)仍在強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng),通脹可能持續(xù)走高,這可能需要美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)采取進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)。

鮑威爾說:"有更多證據(jù)表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)持續(xù)高于趨勢(shì)水平,或是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的緊張狀況依舊,這可能使通脹面臨持續(xù)走高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可能需要進(jìn)一步收緊貨幣政策。"

9月份,招聘人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)高于預(yù)期,失業(yè)率保持在近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來的低點(diǎn)。強(qiáng)勁的招聘通常使員工有能力要求加薪,如果雇主通過提高產(chǎn)品價(jià)格來轉(zhuǎn)嫁更高的勞動(dòng)力成本,這反過來可能會(huì)加劇通貨膨脹。

然而,鮑威爾指出,到目前為止,工資增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)放緩。其他衡量就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的指標(biāo)也在降溫,這一趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)抑制通脹。事實(shí)上,即使經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng),通脹也在很大程度上有所放緩:美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的物價(jià)變化指標(biāo)9月份同比下降至3.5%,與2022年6月7%的同比峰值相比大幅下降。

周三,一位頗具影響力的美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)委員會(huì)成員克里斯托弗·沃勒(Christopher Waller)表示,在保持經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境平穩(wěn)健康的情況下,通脹放緩是"好消息",但也"好得令人難以置信"。他指出,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)要么放緩,幫助抑制通脹,要么保持強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭,推動(dòng)通脹上升,從而需要美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)進(jìn)一步加息以遏制通脹。

沃勒說:“現(xiàn)在下結(jié)論還為時(shí)過早。我相信我們可以等待,觀察經(jīng)濟(jì)如何發(fā)展,然后再采取明確的措施?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Thursday that inflation remains too high and that bringing it down to the Fed’s target level will likely require a slower-growing economy and job market.

Powell noted that inflation has cooled significantly from a year ago. But he cautioned that it’s not yet clear whether inflation is on a steady path back to the Fed’s 2% target.

“A few months of good data are only the beginning of what it will take to build confidence that inflation is moving down sustainably toward our goal,” Powell said in remarks to the Economic Club of New York. “We cannot yet know how long these lower readings will persist or where inflation will settle over coming quarters.”

Last month, Fed officials predicted that they would impose one more interest rate hike before the end of the year, on top of a series of 11 rate increases that have lifted their key rate to about 5.4%, its highest level in 22 years. Economists and Wall Street traders expect the central bank to leave rates unchanged when it next meets in about two weeks.

What it will do after that is less clear. In his remarks Thursday, Powell echoed other Fed officials in suggesting that the economy is at a turning point: If growth remains as healthy as it has been since this summer, additional rate hikes could be needed. But any sign of weaker growth or hiring could help slow inflation and allow the Fed to keep rates unchanged.

Beginning in March 2022, the Fed’s inflation fighters have raised their benchmark rate at the fastest pace in four decades. Those rate hikes have led to much higher borrowing rates across the economy, tightening the financial pressures on households and companies.

A string of Fed officials have recently signaled that a rapid increase in longer-term rates, including for the average 30-year fixed mortgage, which is nearing 8%, will likely cool the economy and help slow inflation. This would allow the central bank to stay on hold and observe how growth and inflation evolve in the coming months.

But several recent economic reports have suggested that the economy is still growing robustly and that inflation could remain persistently elevated, which could require further Fed action.

“Additional evidence of persistently above-trend growth, or that tightness in the labor market is no longer easing,” Powell said, “could put further progress on inflation at risk and could warrant further tightening of monetary policy.”

In September, hiring was much greater than had been expected, with the unemployment rate staying near a half-century low. Strong hiring typically empowers workers to demand higher wages, which, in turn, can worsen inflation if their employers pass on the higher labor costs by raising their prices.

Yet so far, Powell noted that wage growth has slowed. Other measures of the job market are also cooling, a trend that could keep inflation contained. Indeed, even with solid economic growth, inflation has largely decelerated: The Fed’s preferred measure of price changes eased to 3.5% in September compared with 12 months earlier, down sharply from a year-over-year peak of 7% in June 2022.

On Wednesday, Christopher Waller, an influential member of the Fed’s governing board, suggested that the slowdown in inflation even as the economy has remained healthy is “great news” but also “a little too good to be true.” He noted that growth could either slow, helping cool inflation, or remain strong, fueling higher inflation and requiring further rate hikes by the Fed to contain it.

“It is too soon to tell,” Waller said. “I believe we can wait, watch and see how the economy evolves before making definitive moves.”

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