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一家大型評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)表示,美國(guó)不僅房租高得離譜,房?jī)r(jià)同樣過高。但今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)意味著這種情況短期內(nèi)不太可能發(fā)生改變。
惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)(Fitch Ratings)周三發(fā)布的一份最新報(bào)告顯示,今年第二季度,全美房產(chǎn)的價(jià)值被“高估”9.4%,這意味著房?jī)r(jià)不符合房子的實(shí)際價(jià)值。該評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)表示,由于房?jī)r(jià)仍在上漲,因此未來(lái)幾個(gè)季度,其“預(yù)測(cè)房產(chǎn)價(jià)值被高估的情況依舊會(huì)存在”。
據(jù)凱斯-席勒全美房?jī)r(jià)指數(shù)(Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index)顯示,雖然今年平均30年期固定抵押貸款利率曾短暫突破8%,但美國(guó)的房?jī)r(jià)從1月到9月暴漲了6.7%。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors,NAR)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,11月,各類住宅的中位數(shù)現(xiàn)房?jī)r(jià)格連續(xù)五個(gè)月上漲,同比上漲4%,達(dá)到387,600美元。
美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家勞倫斯·云在一份報(bào)告中表示:“房?jī)r(jià)仍在持續(xù)走高。”他認(rèn)為“只有房屋供應(yīng)量大幅增加才能抑制房?jī)r(jià)上漲”。
惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)還預(yù)測(cè),明年全美房?jī)r(jià)將上漲3%,2025年將再度上漲2%至4%。該評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)在周三的報(bào)告中寫道:“這會(huì)繼續(xù)影響房產(chǎn)的可負(fù)擔(dān)性,尤其是初入房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的首次購(gòu)房人將受到影響,進(jìn)而抑制需求?!?/p>
惠譽(yù)發(fā)現(xiàn),第二季度,在房?jī)r(jià)上漲和高抵押貸款利率的雙重影響下,美國(guó)88%的大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)(MSA)房屋價(jià)值被高估。超過一半大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)的房屋價(jià)值被高估10%甚至更高。前三名分別是哪些地區(qū)?它們并不是紐約或洛杉磯這些大城市,而是南卡羅來(lái)納州查爾斯頓、德克薩斯州厄爾巴索和新澤西州坎登。
對(duì)購(gòu)房人不利的未來(lái)前景
過去幾年,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)上漲和抵押貸款利率升高,破壞了房產(chǎn)的可負(fù)擔(dān)性。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),10月,美國(guó)人的平均月供同比增加了10.6%,達(dá)到2,259美元。相比之下,中位數(shù)家庭收入同期漲幅只有2.1%。
目前抵押貸款利率依舊高于6.5%,相比之下2022年1月的抵押貸款利率僅為3%,因此美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性指數(shù)下降至只有91.4。這絕非好消息,因?yàn)榉彩窃撝笖?shù)低于100,都意味著美國(guó)普通家庭買不起一套中位數(shù)價(jià)格的房子。
房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性持續(xù)下降的原因不難理解。正如惠譽(yù)在周三的報(bào)告中所解釋的那樣,“持續(xù)高抵押貸款利率的環(huán)境和房?jī)r(jià)高企帶來(lái)的巨大壓力”,以及現(xiàn)房“供應(yīng)不景氣”,導(dǎo)致房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)變得可望而不可及。
美國(guó)持續(xù)多年面臨嚴(yán)重的房屋供應(yīng)短缺問題,有專家估計(jì)市場(chǎng)缺口在210萬(wàn)套至600萬(wàn)套之間。聯(lián)信銀行(Comerica Bank)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家比爾·亞當(dāng)斯在周二表示:“美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性指數(shù)顯示,大多數(shù)美國(guó)人買不起一套普通住宅,而少數(shù)買得起房的美國(guó)人,在現(xiàn)房市場(chǎng)的選擇少得可憐?!?/p>
然而,最近幾個(gè)月,房屋建筑商傳出了一些令人鼓舞的好消息。凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家托馬斯·瑞恩在周二解釋稱:“11月,市場(chǎng)上的現(xiàn)房庫(kù)存嚴(yán)重不足,繼續(xù)支持新房建設(shè)需求和施工活動(dòng)?!泵绹?guó)新房開工總量從10月到11月增加了14.8%,達(dá)到156萬(wàn)套,創(chuàng)下5月以來(lái)的最高水平。
美國(guó)房屋建筑商協(xié)會(huì)(NAHB)主席艾麗西亞·休伊在一份探討建筑業(yè)繁榮的報(bào)告中表示:“面對(duì)全國(guó)性的嚴(yán)重房屋供應(yīng)不足,刺激新房建設(shè)是緩解可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)、擴(kuò)大房屋庫(kù)存和降低通脹的最佳途徑?!毙菀潦且晃粊?lái)自阿拉巴馬州伯明翰的定制房屋建筑商和開發(fā)商。
然而,凱投宏觀的瑞恩警告稱,即使“明年抵押貸款利率繼續(xù)下降”,他依舊預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)房庫(kù)存會(huì)“極其緊張”。杰富瑞集團(tuán)(Jefferies)的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家托馬斯·西蒙斯本周在一篇報(bào)告中警告,雖然最近房屋建筑商的數(shù)據(jù)“確實(shí)令人鼓舞,也表明市場(chǎng)上長(zhǎng)期嚴(yán)重供應(yīng)不足的情況即將得到一些緩解,但對(duì)于這種強(qiáng)度能否持久,我們持懷疑態(tài)度?!?/p>
房地產(chǎn)交易公司Bright MLS的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家麗薩·斯特蒂文特此前對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,總體而言,房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性的前景依舊堪憂。
她說道:“新房建設(shè)量依舊無(wú)法滿足需求。在建新房不足導(dǎo)致房租和房?jī)r(jià)上漲,使得個(gè)人和家庭很難找到他們能買得起的房子?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
2023年2月17日星期五,美國(guó)喬治亞州亞特蘭大市,一棟住宅外的“待售”標(biāo)志。攝影:DUSTIN CHAMBERS/彭博社經(jīng)蓋蒂圖片社提供
一家大型評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)表示,美國(guó)不僅房租高得離譜,房?jī)r(jià)同樣過高。但今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)意味著這種情況短期內(nèi)不太可能發(fā)生改變。
惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)(Fitch Ratings)周三發(fā)布的一份最新報(bào)告顯示,今年第二季度,全美房產(chǎn)的價(jià)值被“高估”9.4%,這意味著房?jī)r(jià)不符合房子的實(shí)際價(jià)值。該評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)表示,由于房?jī)r(jià)仍在上漲,因此未來(lái)幾個(gè)季度,其“預(yù)測(cè)房產(chǎn)價(jià)值被高估的情況依舊會(huì)存在”。
據(jù)凱斯-席勒全美房?jī)r(jià)指數(shù)(Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index)顯示,雖然今年平均30年期固定抵押貸款利率曾短暫突破8%,但美國(guó)的房?jī)r(jià)從1月到9月暴漲了6.7%。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors,NAR)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,11月,各類住宅的中位數(shù)現(xiàn)房?jī)r(jià)格連續(xù)五個(gè)月上漲,同比上漲4%,達(dá)到387,600美元。
美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家勞倫斯·云在一份報(bào)告中表示:“房?jī)r(jià)仍在持續(xù)走高。”他認(rèn)為“只有房屋供應(yīng)量大幅增加才能抑制房?jī)r(jià)上漲”。
惠譽(yù)評(píng)級(jí)還預(yù)測(cè),明年全美房?jī)r(jià)將上漲3%,2025年將再度上漲2%至4%。該評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)在周三的報(bào)告中寫道:“這會(huì)繼續(xù)影響房產(chǎn)的可負(fù)擔(dān)性,尤其是初入房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的首次購(gòu)房人將受到影響,進(jìn)而抑制需求?!?/p>
惠譽(yù)發(fā)現(xiàn),第二季度,在房?jī)r(jià)上漲和高抵押貸款利率的雙重影響下,美國(guó)88%的大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)(MSA)房屋價(jià)值被高估。超過一半大都市統(tǒng)計(jì)區(qū)的房屋價(jià)值被高估10%甚至更高。前三名分別是哪些地區(qū)?它們并不是紐約或洛杉磯這些大城市,而是南卡羅來(lái)納州查爾斯頓、德克薩斯州厄爾巴索和新澤西州坎登。
對(duì)購(gòu)房人不利的未來(lái)前景
過去幾年,美國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)上漲和抵押貸款利率升高,破壞了房產(chǎn)的可負(fù)擔(dān)性。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),10月,美國(guó)人的平均月供同比增加了10.6%,達(dá)到2,259美元。相比之下,中位數(shù)家庭收入同期漲幅只有2.1%。
目前抵押貸款利率依舊高于6.5%,相比之下2022年1月的抵押貸款利率僅為3%,因此美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性指數(shù)下降至只有91.4。這絕非好消息,因?yàn)榉彩窃撝笖?shù)低于100,都意味著美國(guó)普通家庭買不起一套中位數(shù)價(jià)格的房子。
房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性持續(xù)下降的原因不難理解。正如惠譽(yù)在周三的報(bào)告中所解釋的那樣,“持續(xù)高抵押貸款利率的環(huán)境和房?jī)r(jià)高企帶來(lái)的巨大壓力”,以及現(xiàn)房“供應(yīng)不景氣”,導(dǎo)致房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)變得可望而不可及。
美國(guó)持續(xù)多年面臨嚴(yán)重的房屋供應(yīng)短缺問題,有專家估計(jì)市場(chǎng)缺口在210萬(wàn)套至600萬(wàn)套之間。聯(lián)信銀行(Comerica Bank)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家比爾·亞當(dāng)斯在周二表示:“美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)的房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性指數(shù)顯示,大多數(shù)美國(guó)人買不起一套普通住宅,而少數(shù)買得起房的美國(guó)人,在現(xiàn)房市場(chǎng)的選擇少得可憐。”
然而,最近幾個(gè)月,房屋建筑商傳出了一些令人鼓舞的好消息。凱投宏觀(Capital Economics)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家托馬斯·瑞恩在周二解釋稱:“11月,市場(chǎng)上的現(xiàn)房庫(kù)存嚴(yán)重不足,繼續(xù)支持新房建設(shè)需求和施工活動(dòng)。”美國(guó)新房開工總量從10月到11月增加了14.8%,達(dá)到156萬(wàn)套,創(chuàng)下5月以來(lái)的最高水平。
美國(guó)房屋建筑商協(xié)會(huì)(NAHB)主席艾麗西亞·休伊在一份探討建筑業(yè)繁榮的報(bào)告中表示:“面對(duì)全國(guó)性的嚴(yán)重房屋供應(yīng)不足,刺激新房建設(shè)是緩解可負(fù)擔(dān)性危機(jī)、擴(kuò)大房屋庫(kù)存和降低通脹的最佳途徑?!毙菀潦且晃粊?lái)自阿拉巴馬州伯明翰的定制房屋建筑商和開發(fā)商。
然而,凱投宏觀的瑞恩警告稱,即使“明年抵押貸款利率繼續(xù)下降”,他依舊預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)房庫(kù)存會(huì)“極其緊張”。杰富瑞集團(tuán)(Jefferies)的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家托馬斯·西蒙斯本周在一篇報(bào)告中警告,雖然最近房屋建筑商的數(shù)據(jù)“確實(shí)令人鼓舞,也表明市場(chǎng)上長(zhǎng)期嚴(yán)重供應(yīng)不足的情況即將得到一些緩解,但對(duì)于這種強(qiáng)度能否持久,我們持懷疑態(tài)度?!?/p>
房地產(chǎn)交易公司Bright MLS的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家麗薩·斯特蒂文特此前對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示,總體而言,房屋可負(fù)擔(dān)性的前景依舊堪憂。
她說道:“新房建設(shè)量依舊無(wú)法滿足需求。在建新房不足導(dǎo)致房租和房?jī)r(jià)上漲,使得個(gè)人和家庭很難找到他們能買得起的房子。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
翻譯:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
It’s not just the rent that’s too damn high—so are home prices, according to a major ratings agency. But the economic landscape this year means that’s unlikely to change soon.
National home prices were 9.4% “overvalued”—meaning their price does not align with the property’s actual value—in the second quarter of this year, according to a new Fitch Ratings report released Wednesday. And with prices still rising, the ratings agency said it “expects overvaluation to remain” in the coming quarters.
Even as the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate briefly topped 8% this year, U.S. home prices surged 6.7% between January and September, according to the Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index. And data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR) shows median existing-home price for all types of housing jumped for the fifth consecutive month in November, rising 4% from a year ago to $387,600.
“Home prices keep marching higher,” NAR’s chief economist Lawrence Yun said in a statement, arguing that “only a dramatic rise in supply will dampen price appreciation.”
Fitch Ratings also expects national home prices to rise as much as 3% next year, and another 2% to 4% in 2025. “This will continue to impact affordability, particularly for entry-level and first-time homebuyers, thereby constraining demand,” the ratings agency wrote in its Wednesday report.
Fitch found that price increases and high mortgage rates left U.S. homes overvalued in 88% of the country’s metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the second quarter. And more than half of these MSAs were overvalued by 10% or more. The top three? They’re not major cities like New York City or Los Angeles, but Charleston, South Carolina; El Paso, Texas; and Camden, New Jersey.
A difficult outlook for homebuyers
Rising U.S. home prices and higher mortgage rates have combined to destroy home affordability over the past few years. In October, Americans’ average monthly mortgage payment climbed 10.6% from a year ago to $2,259, according to NAR. That’s compared to a mere 2.1% rise in the median household income over the same period.
And with mortgage rates still above 6.5%, compared to just 3% in January 2022, NAR’s Housing Affordability Index has fallen to just 91.4. That’s not great news considering any level below 100 means the average U.S. family cannot afford a median-priced home.
There’s no mystery as to why home affordability keeps declining. As Fitch explained Wednesday, the “persistently high mortgage rate environment and the sustained pressure of elevated home prices,” coupled with a “stagnant supply” of existing homes, has made for an out-of-reach housing market.
The U.S. has faced a serious housing shortage for years, with experts estimating the market needs between 2.1 million and 6 million additional units. “Most Americans can’t afford the typical house, according to the National Association of Realtors’ Affordability Index—but the minority who can face slim pickings in the existing home market,” Bill Adams, chief economist for Comerica Bank, said Tuesday.
However, there has been some encouraging news from homebuilders in recent months. “The extreme lack of existing inventory on the market continued to support newbuild demand and construction activity in November,” Thomas Ryan, a property economist at Capital Economics, explained Tuesday. Total U.S. housing starts rose 14.8% from October to November, to 1.56 million units, their highest level since May.
“With the nation facing a considerable housing shortage, boosting new home production is the best way to ease the affordability crisis, expand housing inventory and lower inflation,” NAHB chairman Alicia Huey, a custom home builder and developer from Birmingham, Alabama, said in a statement discussing the building boom.
However, Capital Economics’ Ryan warned that he still expects existing inventory to remain “extremely tight” even if “mortgage rates continue to fall next year.” And Jefferies’ senior economist Thomas Simons cautioned in a note this week that although the recent data from homebuilders is “certainly encouraging, and suggest that a critically, chronically under-supplied market is about to find some relief, we are skeptical that we will see this strength persist.”
Overall, the outlook for housing affordability remains shoddy at best, as Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist with the real estate listing service company Bright MLS, previously told Fortune.
“We are still not building enough new housing to keep up with demand. A lack of sufficient new housing construction drives rents and home prices up, making it difficult for individuals and families to find housing they can afford,” she said.