富人愈富,而且這個趨勢非常明顯。
國際樂施會(Oxfam International)的最新報告顯示,全球前五大富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值在短短三年多時間里,從4,050億美元增長到8,690億美元,翻了一番。從2020年3月到2023年11月,埃隆·馬斯克、杰夫·貝佐斯、拉里·埃里森、沃倫·巴菲特和貝爾納·阿爾諾(及其家人)等世界頂級富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值都大幅增長。
而同期全球60%(約48億人)最貧困人口的集體財富減少了0.2%,雖然這個比例較小,卻凸顯出貧富群體截然不同的趨勢。富人的狀況明顯變得更好,而窮人的處境稍微變差。
該報告預(yù)測,如果最富有的人繼續(xù)以當(dāng)前的速度增加財富,未來十年將會誕生第一位萬億富翁。但樂施會預(yù)測,全球徹底消滅貧困,即把全球每天收入不超過6.85美元的人口比例減少到1%以下,需要229年。
在樂施會發(fā)布報告的同時,全球的富人們、最有權(quán)勢的公司高管和位高權(quán)重的政客們,正在瑞士達沃斯參加世界經(jīng)濟論壇(World Economic Forum)。
樂施會的臨時首席執(zhí)行官阿利瑪·希夫吉在報告所附的一份聲明里表示:“我們不能接受這種極端狀況成為新常態(tài),全世界難以承受再經(jīng)歷十年分裂的后果?!?/p>
這份報告發(fā)布的時機,暴露出全球最富有和最貧困人群的發(fā)展軌跡存在明顯差異,凸顯出財富不平等這個持久存在的問題。這個問題在2011年“占領(lǐng)華爾街”(Occupy Wall Street)運動之后變得更加緊迫?!罢碱I(lǐng)華爾街”運動讓“1%”成為描述全球最富有者的一個通用術(shù)語。
成為首位萬億富翁的競賽
在美國收入水平排進前1%的家庭,年收入要達到約652,000美元。這當(dāng)然是一大筆錢,而且?guī)缀跄軌虮WC舒適的生活,但這與樂施會提到的億萬富翁們的財富相比根本不值一提。馬斯克、貝佐斯等人在很早以前就超過了這個門檻。前五大富豪都創(chuàng)建了公司,要么自己擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官,要么以最大股東的身份掌控公司。
樂施會認為,大公司的財富大部分來自員工的努力,他們的工作并沒有得到相應(yīng)的報酬。樂施會的報告稱,商界的現(xiàn)狀“為大公司創(chuàng)造了前所未有的利潤,精英階層的高管得到了豐厚的薪酬,股東們則獲得了巨額財富。”
美國勞工聯(lián)合會-產(chǎn)業(yè)工會聯(lián)合會(AFL-CIO)的另外一份報告顯示,一位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500(S&P 500)指數(shù)里的公司的首席執(zhí)行官的收入,比普通上班族高272倍。
美國在提高工人工資方面似乎取得了一些進展。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)最近的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2023年第三季度,周薪同比上漲了4.5%,但通脹僅上漲了3.5%。
瑞士投行瑞銀集團(UBS)的報告顯示,2022年,百萬富翁人數(shù)減少,但這是因為全球通貨膨脹和不利的匯率所造成的偏差,而不是金融資產(chǎn)達到平衡。報告還預(yù)測,到2027年,百萬富翁人數(shù)將增加44%,而家庭資產(chǎn)超過5,000萬美元的超高資產(chǎn)凈值人士預(yù)計將增加53%。
但樂施會的報告指出,對許多人而言,改善財務(wù)狀況的希望似乎正在消失,有48億人比2019年變得更貧困。
在關(guān)于收入不平等的辯論中,全球新冠疫情的影響是另外一個焦點。在新冠疫情期間,許多人被困在家中,或者因為隨之而來的經(jīng)濟衰退而面臨失業(yè),但其他人卻在以前所未有的程度積攢財富。經(jīng)濟衰退導(dǎo)致企業(yè)倒閉和失業(yè)率飆升,但股市卻一片繁榮。盡管經(jīng)濟不景氣,馬斯克和貝佐斯等人,作為自己創(chuàng)立的公司的大股東,卻變得更加富有。
2020年3月至2021年4月期間,全球每17個小時就會誕生一位億萬富翁,有493人的資產(chǎn)凈值達到九位數(shù)。2021年10月,新冠疫情爆發(fā)約一年半后,美國前400位富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值增長了40%,增加了4.5萬億美元。與此同時,據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)計,新冠疫情爆發(fā)之后的裁員人數(shù)大幅增加,雖然失業(yè)水平有所好轉(zhuǎn),但依舊有740萬美國人失業(yè)。
雖然新冠疫情已經(jīng)基本成為過去式,但樂施會的臨時首席執(zhí)行官希夫吉呼吁各國政府不要忽視疫情所揭露的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實。
她說:“我們可以建立一個更公平的經(jīng)濟體系,讓所有人都能夠從中受益?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
富人愈富,而且這個趨勢非常明顯。
國際樂施會(Oxfam International)的最新報告顯示,全球前五大富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值在短短三年多時間里,從4,050億美元增長到8,690億美元,翻了一番。從2020年3月到2023年11月,埃隆·馬斯克、杰夫·貝佐斯、拉里·埃里森、沃倫·巴菲特和貝爾納·阿爾諾(及其家人)等世界頂級富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值都大幅增長。
而同期全球60%(約48億人)最貧困人口的集體財富減少了0.2%,雖然這個比例較小,卻凸顯出貧富群體截然不同的趨勢。富人的狀況明顯變得更好,而窮人的處境稍微變差。
該報告預(yù)測,如果最富有的人繼續(xù)以當(dāng)前的速度增加財富,未來十年將會誕生第一位萬億富翁。但樂施會預(yù)測,全球徹底消滅貧困,即把全球每天收入不超過6.85美元的人口比例減少到1%以下,需要229年。
在樂施會發(fā)布報告的同時,全球的富人們、最有權(quán)勢的公司高管和位高權(quán)重的政客們,正在瑞士達沃斯參加世界經(jīng)濟論壇(World Economic Forum)。
樂施會的臨時首席執(zhí)行官阿利瑪·希夫吉在報告所附的一份聲明里表示:“我們不能接受這種極端狀況成為新常態(tài),全世界難以承受再經(jīng)歷十年分裂的后果?!?/p>
這份報告發(fā)布的時機,暴露出全球最富有和最貧困人群的發(fā)展軌跡存在明顯差異,凸顯出財富不平等這個持久存在的問題。這個問題在2011年“占領(lǐng)華爾街”(Occupy Wall Street)運動之后變得更加緊迫。“占領(lǐng)華爾街”運動讓“1%”成為描述全球最富有者的一個通用術(shù)語。
成為首位萬億富翁的競賽
在美國收入水平排進前1%的家庭,年收入要達到約652,000美元。這當(dāng)然是一大筆錢,而且?guī)缀跄軌虮WC舒適的生活,但這與樂施會提到的億萬富翁們的財富相比根本不值一提。馬斯克、貝佐斯等人在很早以前就超過了這個門檻。前五大富豪都創(chuàng)建了公司,要么自己擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官,要么以最大股東的身份掌控公司。
樂施會認為,大公司的財富大部分來自員工的努力,他們的工作并沒有得到相應(yīng)的報酬。樂施會的報告稱,商界的現(xiàn)狀“為大公司創(chuàng)造了前所未有的利潤,精英階層的高管得到了豐厚的薪酬,股東們則獲得了巨額財富?!?/p>
美國勞工聯(lián)合會-產(chǎn)業(yè)工會聯(lián)合會(AFL-CIO)的另外一份報告顯示,一位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500(S&P 500)指數(shù)里的公司的首席執(zhí)行官的收入,比普通上班族高272倍。
美國在提高工人工資方面似乎取得了一些進展。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)最近的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2023年第三季度,周薪同比上漲了4.5%,但通脹僅上漲了3.5%。
瑞士投行瑞銀集團(UBS)的報告顯示,2022年,百萬富翁人數(shù)減少,但這是因為全球通貨膨脹和不利的匯率所造成的偏差,而不是金融資產(chǎn)達到平衡。報告還預(yù)測,到2027年,百萬富翁人數(shù)將增加44%,而家庭資產(chǎn)超過5,000萬美元的超高資產(chǎn)凈值人士預(yù)計將增加53%。
但樂施會的報告指出,對許多人而言,改善財務(wù)狀況的希望似乎正在消失,有48億人比2019年變得更貧困。
在關(guān)于收入不平等的辯論中,全球新冠疫情的影響是另外一個焦點。在新冠疫情期間,許多人被困在家中,或者因為隨之而來的經(jīng)濟衰退而面臨失業(yè),但其他人卻在以前所未有的程度積攢財富。經(jīng)濟衰退導(dǎo)致企業(yè)倒閉和失業(yè)率飆升,但股市卻一片繁榮。盡管經(jīng)濟不景氣,馬斯克和貝佐斯等人,作為自己創(chuàng)立的公司的大股東,卻變得更加富有。
2020年3月至2021年4月期間,全球每17個小時就會誕生一位億萬富翁,有493人的資產(chǎn)凈值達到九位數(shù)。2021年10月,新冠疫情爆發(fā)約一年半后,美國前400位富豪的資產(chǎn)凈值增長了40%,增加了4.5萬億美元。與此同時,據(jù)美國勞工統(tǒng)計局統(tǒng)計,新冠疫情爆發(fā)之后的裁員人數(shù)大幅增加,雖然失業(yè)水平有所好轉(zhuǎn),但依舊有740萬美國人失業(yè)。
雖然新冠疫情已經(jīng)基本成為過去式,但樂施會的臨時首席執(zhí)行官希夫吉呼吁各國政府不要忽視疫情所揭露的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實。
她說:“我們可以建立一個更公平的經(jīng)濟體系,讓所有人都能夠從中受益?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W(wǎng))
譯者:劉進龍
審校:汪皓
The rich keep getting richer—and drastically so.
The five richest people in the world doubled their combined net worth from $405 billion to $869 billion in just over three years, a new Oxfam International report shows. Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Larry Ellison, Warren Buffett, and Bernard Arnault (including his family) all topped the list of the world’s richest people whose net worth skyrocketed from March 2020 to November 2023.
During the same time period, the collective wealth of the poorest 60% of the world’s population—approximately 4.8 billion people—fell 0.2%, which, while a small percentage, illustrates the divergent trends for the rich and the poor. Things get drastically better for those with money and marginally worse for this without it.
If the fortunes of the wealthiest individuals continue to grow at their current pace, the world could see its first trillionaire in the next 10 years, the report projects. But Oxfam predicts it would take 229 years for global poverty to be eliminated, defined as reducing the number of people earning $6.85 a day to less than 1% globally.
Oxfam’s report comes as the world’s wealthiest people, highest powered executives, and ranking politicians meet in Davos, Switzerland, at the World Economic Forum.
“These extremes cannot be accepted as the new norm, the world can’t afford another decade of division,” Oxfam interim CEO Aleema Shivji said in a statement accompanying the report.
The timing of the report draws a stark contrast between the trajectories of the world’s wealthiest and the world’s poorest—highlighting the continued problem of wealth inequality, which gained new urgency following the Occupy Wall Street movement in 2011. The movement popularized the term “the 1%,” making it a catchall term for the world’s richest people.
The race to become the first trillionaire
To be in the top 1% of U.S. earners, a household would need to earn about $652,000 a year. Certainly a large amount of money, and one that can virtually guarantee a comfortable life, but hardly the level of wealth enjoyed by the billionaires Oxfam cites. Musk, Bezos, and company each surpassed that threshold long ago. All five also founded companies which they either run as CEO or control as the largest shareholders.
Much of the wealth generated by large companies comes off the backs of workers who aren’t always properly compensated for their roles, Oxfam argues. The current state of the business world “generated unprecedented profits for major companies, fantastic pay for an elite class of executives and tremendous wealth for shareholders,” Oxfam’s report says.
An S&P 500 CEO earns 272 times more than the average worker, according to a separate report from labor union AFL-CIO.
The U.S. appears to be making some headway in improving workers’ wages. In the third quarter of 2023, weekly wages rose 4.5% compared to the same time the year before, while inflation only rose 3.5%, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ latest available data.
The number of millionaires fell in 2022, according to a report from Swiss investment bank UBS, but that was more an aberration due to inflation and unfavorable foreign exchange rates around the globe, rather than the evening out of financial assets. The report also predicted that by 2027, the number of millionaires would increase 44%, while the number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals, defined as households with over $50 million in assets, was projected to increase 53%.
For many, though, the hope of improving their financial position appears to be slipping further away, with 4.8 billion people poorer than they were in 2019 before the pandemic, according to Oxfam.
The global strife of the COVID-19 pandemic became another flashpoint for debate about income inequality. During that time period, many were stuck at home or faced unemployment as a result of the ensuing economic downturn, but others were enriching themselves at previously unprecedented levels. As the economy faltered, with businesses shuttering and unemployment soaring, the stock market boomed. As the major shareholders of the companies they founded, those like Musk and Bezos got richer despite a lagging economy.
Between March 2020 and April 2021 the world minted a new billionaire every 17 hours, as 493 people joined the ranks of those with nine-figure net worths. In October 2021, about a year and a half into the pandemic, the 400 richest people in the U.S. grew their net worth by 40%, accumulating an additional $4.5 trillion. At the same time unemployment levels were recovering from the surge of layoffs that accompanied the outset of the pandemic, but still saw 7.4 million Americans out of work, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Despite the pandemic being mostly in the rearview mirror, Shivji, Oxfam’s interim CEO called on governments to not overlook the economic realities it brought to the fore.
“A fairer economy is possible, one that works for us all,” she said.