十年前,(現(xiàn)年33歲)格溫·梅爾茲清楚地知道自己想要什么,也知道實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)需要付出什么:在35歲時(shí)提前退休,名下有63.5萬(wàn)美元。至少,這是她以為自己想要的。
她剛剛在華盛頓特區(qū)的一家《財(cái)富》美國(guó)100強(qiáng)公司找到了一份工作。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,由于獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和在軍隊(duì)服役,她沒(méi)有負(fù)債。她告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,她在信用上的白板讓她“可以全力以赴,立即開(kāi)始儲(chǔ)蓄”。這是受她在大學(xué)時(shí)讀到的關(guān)于錢(qián)胡子先生(Mr. Money Mustache)等早期FIRE網(wǎng)紅的啟發(fā)。
她每年的收入從未超過(guò)8萬(wàn)美元,但在頭五年里,她設(shè)法存了20萬(wàn)美元,同時(shí)按繳納金額的上限在401(K)賬戶、羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶和健康儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶存入資金。但是,雖然這讓她接近了賬面上想要的理想生活,但卻無(wú)法滿足生活需求。
由于對(duì)工作環(huán)境不滿意,她辭職自己當(dāng)起了老板,一些副業(yè)讓她感到振奮——主持播客、擁有一處出租物業(yè)、經(jīng)營(yíng)一家Etsy商店。但這些嘗試大多沒(méi)有成功,梅爾茲說(shuō)這讓她破產(chǎn)了。她靠自己的努力賺了大約1.5萬(wàn)美元,但她意識(shí)到這樣的苦差事不值得,于是在九個(gè)月后重返工作崗位。
“我竭盡全力,把收入的70%存了起來(lái)?!彼f(shuō)?!拔艺娴娜谌肓松鐣?huì)的喧囂文化,我真的筋疲力盡了?!?/p>
如今,梅爾茲是一名居住在圣路易斯的銀行業(yè)信息技術(shù)審計(jì)員。她厭倦了喧囂,對(duì)金錢(qián)有了新的認(rèn)識(shí),因此降低了自己的退休目標(biāo),選擇了“Coast FIRE”生活方式——可以說(shuō)是更A型FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)中更冷酷、更年輕的姊妹。梅爾茲解釋說(shuō):“這就是提前儲(chǔ)蓄,這樣復(fù)利和在市場(chǎng)上的時(shí)間結(jié)合起來(lái),就能支付你退休后的開(kāi)支?!?/p>
《財(cái)富》查閱的文件顯示,她已儲(chǔ)蓄了40萬(wàn)美元;她預(yù)計(jì),到20年后她55歲提前退休時(shí),她的儲(chǔ)蓄基金將達(dá)到180萬(wàn)美元左右,儲(chǔ)蓄的壓力也會(huì)減輕。
雖然她仍保留著FIRE狂熱時(shí)期留下的頑固儲(chǔ)蓄習(xí)慣——她立即還清了汽車(chē)貸款,并將每月工資的10%存入401(k)賬戶(公司存入6%)——但“我不會(huì)再無(wú)謂地剝奪自己了?!彼f(shuō),并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),她發(fā)現(xiàn)輕踩油門(mén)能帶來(lái)巨大的回報(bào),即使這些回報(bào)并不總是嚴(yán)格意義上的財(cái)務(wù)回報(bào)?!巴撕笠徊秸娴淖屛沂芤娣藴\,讓我有了余裕和能力去說(shuō)'是' ?!?/p>
突破點(diǎn)
梅爾茲說(shuō),她很早就學(xué)會(huì)了理財(cái),因?yàn)樗募彝ゲ⒉桓辉?;她的單親媽媽竭力供應(yīng)生活起居。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),類(lèi)似的經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)傷,如父母失業(yè)或離婚,往往是吸引人們參加FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因——他們“真正想要的是擁有金錢(qián)帶來(lái)的安心、安全和自由,以便能夠經(jīng)受住生活的任何考驗(yàn)”。
她說(shuō),這種成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷帶給她這樣一種心態(tài):要為未來(lái)存錢(qián)。“但是,如果你在到達(dá)那個(gè)階段之前沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)如何花錢(qián),那么你就會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題?!?/p>
20多歲時(shí),她在華盛頓特區(qū)生活時(shí)意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn),這促使她在提前退休的快車(chē)道上踩下了剎車(chē)。她注意到,周?chē)娜速嵉酶?,而且“不怕把錢(qián)花在自己身上,以提高自己”。這與梅爾茲在中西部中產(chǎn)階級(jí)成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中形成的思維方式不同。
“我只記得自己在想‘為什么我要把這些錢(qián)都存起來(lái)?我看起來(lái)狀態(tài)一般,我沒(méi)有好好照顧自己,這有什么意義呢?’”她說(shuō)。
她把自己的儲(chǔ)蓄率降到最低,并聘請(qǐng)了一位私人造型師。她經(jīng)常節(jié)衣縮食或向朋友借衣服,不知道自己穿什么才好看。她回憶說(shuō),僅僅在一節(jié)課后就看到了巨大的改善,她開(kāi)始想知道生活中還有什么可以改變的。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“事實(shí)上,這讓我在別人面前的感覺(jué)大不相同?!?/p>
停止儲(chǔ)蓄讓梅爾茲意識(shí)到她的預(yù)算是如何限制她的生活方式的?!拔业你y行賬戶確實(shí)受益于我在20多歲時(shí)采取的行動(dòng),但我認(rèn)為我的社交生活也受到了同等程度的影響。"她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),”作為一個(gè)20多歲的單身女性,想在約會(huì)時(shí)不花錢(qián)真的很難……這讓很多原本可能很適合我的人望而卻步。”
FIRE之火逐漸熄滅后的生活
梅爾茲說(shuō),十年前,當(dāng)她第一次進(jìn)入FIRE世界時(shí),做出細(xì)微改變的空間還比較小。她指出,2010年代的FIRE偶像往往符合某種刻板印象——已婚、雙職工(通常是工程師)、非常理智。她解釋說(shuō),他們遵循的思想是嚴(yán)格的預(yù)算編制、在電子表格中記錄一切、每晚吃米飯和豆類(lèi)、騎自行車(chē)出行。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在,F(xiàn)IRE運(yùn)動(dòng)的范圍確實(shí)擴(kuò)大了,涵蓋了各種各樣的人和對(duì)退休的態(tài)度。”她說(shuō),"人們有更多的空間來(lái)制定自己的規(guī)則手冊(cè),嘗試而不是陷入這種生活方式。”
她找到了社區(qū),這是她一直珍視的生活方式。雖然她仍在使用十年前參與FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)保留的預(yù)算技巧和電子表格,但她說(shuō)她不再那么頻繁地使用它們了。這是因?yàn)閷?duì)她來(lái)說(shuō),金錢(qián)不再是優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題。
她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“在我年輕的時(shí)候,我看世界的第一視角就是金錢(qián)?,F(xiàn)在,當(dāng)我試圖在各種事情之間做出決定時(shí),金錢(qián)很少成為我的首要考慮因素,因?yàn)榻疱X(qián)已經(jīng)不那么重要了?!?/p>
她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)訂婚了,正在考慮如何更好地將自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況與伴侶的財(cái)務(wù)狀況結(jié)合起來(lái)。她想,如果她在 22 歲時(shí)遇到他,考慮到她嚴(yán)格遵守FIRE生活方式,可能就不會(huì)有結(jié)果。最近,梅爾茲與一位朋友一起去車(chē)庫(kù)拍賣(mài)會(huì)購(gòu)物,當(dāng)這位朋友指出過(guò)去梅爾茲嚴(yán)格遵守FIRE生活方式時(shí)是不會(huì)陪她來(lái)這里購(gòu)物的,梅爾茲感到很難過(guò)。她說(shuō),這讓她很難過(guò),心想:“我到底錯(cuò)過(guò)了多少時(shí)光?就因?yàn)槲蚁攵啻鎺装倜涝薄?/p>
盡管如此,梅爾茲還是從她的FIRE習(xí)慣和預(yù)算方式中學(xué)到了東西。雖然如果你在信用方面不是白板,可能需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能加入這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),但她說(shuō),你不需要全力以赴,仍然可以將其中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到你的生活中。盡管這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)往往是關(guān)于最終目標(biāo)和銀行賬戶里的資金,但她鼓勵(lì)人們“超越數(shù)字”。
她說(shuō):“對(duì)于那些拼盡全力在30歲就提前退休的人來(lái)說(shuō),我真的會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們審視自己行為背后的動(dòng)機(jī)。而且,他們退休是想逃離什么,還是為了什么?因?yàn)檫@是完全不同的概念?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
十年前,(現(xiàn)年33歲)格溫·梅爾茲清楚地知道自己想要什么,也知道實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)需要付出什么:在35歲時(shí)提前退休,名下有63.5萬(wàn)美元。至少,這是她以為自己想要的。
她剛剛在華盛頓特區(qū)的一家《財(cái)富》美國(guó)100強(qiáng)公司找到了一份工作。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,由于獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和在軍隊(duì)服役,她沒(méi)有負(fù)債。她告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,她在信用上的白板讓她“可以全力以赴,立即開(kāi)始儲(chǔ)蓄”。這是受她在大學(xué)時(shí)讀到的關(guān)于錢(qián)胡子先生(Mr. Money Mustache)等早期FIRE網(wǎng)紅的啟發(fā)。
她每年的收入從未超過(guò)8萬(wàn)美元,但在頭五年里,她設(shè)法存了20萬(wàn)美元,同時(shí)按繳納金額的上限在401(K)賬戶、羅斯個(gè)人退休賬戶和健康儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶存入資金。但是,雖然這讓她接近了賬面上想要的理想生活,但卻無(wú)法滿足生活需求。
由于對(duì)工作環(huán)境不滿意,她辭職自己當(dāng)起了老板,一些副業(yè)讓她感到振奮——主持播客、擁有一處出租物業(yè)、經(jīng)營(yíng)一家Etsy商店。但這些嘗試大多沒(méi)有成功,梅爾茲說(shuō)這讓她破產(chǎn)了。她靠自己的努力賺了大約1.5萬(wàn)美元,但她意識(shí)到這樣的苦差事不值得,于是在九個(gè)月后重返工作崗位。
“我竭盡全力,把收入的70%存了起來(lái)?!彼f(shuō)?!拔艺娴娜谌肓松鐣?huì)的喧囂文化,我真的筋疲力盡了。”
如今,梅爾茲是一名居住在圣路易斯的銀行業(yè)信息技術(shù)審計(jì)員。她厭倦了喧囂,對(duì)金錢(qián)有了新的認(rèn)識(shí),因此降低了自己的退休目標(biāo),選擇了“Coast FIRE”生活方式——可以說(shuō)是更A型FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)中更冷酷、更年輕的姊妹。梅爾茲解釋說(shuō):“這就是提前儲(chǔ)蓄,這樣復(fù)利和在市場(chǎng)上的時(shí)間結(jié)合起來(lái),就能支付你退休后的開(kāi)支?!?/p>
《財(cái)富》查閱的文件顯示,她已儲(chǔ)蓄了40萬(wàn)美元;她預(yù)計(jì),到20年后她55歲提前退休時(shí),她的儲(chǔ)蓄基金將達(dá)到180萬(wàn)美元左右,儲(chǔ)蓄的壓力也會(huì)減輕。
雖然她仍保留著FIRE狂熱時(shí)期留下的頑固儲(chǔ)蓄習(xí)慣——她立即還清了汽車(chē)貸款,并將每月工資的10%存入401(k)賬戶(公司存入6%)——但“我不會(huì)再無(wú)謂地剝奪自己了?!彼f(shuō),并補(bǔ)充說(shuō),她發(fā)現(xiàn)輕踩油門(mén)能帶來(lái)巨大的回報(bào),即使這些回報(bào)并不總是嚴(yán)格意義上的財(cái)務(wù)回報(bào)?!巴撕笠徊秸娴淖屛沂芤娣藴\,讓我有了余裕和能力去說(shuō)'是' ?!?/p>
突破點(diǎn)
梅爾茲說(shuō),她很早就學(xué)會(huì)了理財(cái),因?yàn)樗募彝ゲ⒉桓辉#凰膯斡H媽媽竭力供應(yīng)生活起居。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),類(lèi)似的經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)傷,如父母失業(yè)或離婚,往往是吸引人們參加FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)的原因——他們“真正想要的是擁有金錢(qián)帶來(lái)的安心、安全和自由,以便能夠經(jīng)受住生活的任何考驗(yàn)”。
她說(shuō),這種成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷帶給她這樣一種心態(tài):要為未來(lái)存錢(qián)?!暗?,如果你在到達(dá)那個(gè)階段之前沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)如何花錢(qián),那么你就會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題?!?/p>
20多歲時(shí),她在華盛頓特區(qū)生活時(shí)意識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn),這促使她在提前退休的快車(chē)道上踩下了剎車(chē)。她注意到,周?chē)娜速嵉酶?,而且“不怕把錢(qián)花在自己身上,以提高自己”。這與梅爾茲在中西部中產(chǎn)階級(jí)成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中形成的思維方式不同。
“我只記得自己在想‘為什么我要把這些錢(qián)都存起來(lái)?我看起來(lái)狀態(tài)一般,我沒(méi)有好好照顧自己,這有什么意義呢?’”她說(shuō)。
她把自己的儲(chǔ)蓄率降到最低,并聘請(qǐng)了一位私人造型師。她經(jīng)常節(jié)衣縮食或向朋友借衣服,不知道自己穿什么才好看。她回憶說(shuō),僅僅在一節(jié)課后就看到了巨大的改善,她開(kāi)始想知道生活中還有什么可以改變的。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“事實(shí)上,這讓我在別人面前的感覺(jué)大不相同?!?/p>
停止儲(chǔ)蓄讓梅爾茲意識(shí)到她的預(yù)算是如何限制她的生活方式的?!拔业你y行賬戶確實(shí)受益于我在20多歲時(shí)采取的行動(dòng),但我認(rèn)為我的社交生活也受到了同等程度的影響。"她補(bǔ)充說(shuō),”作為一個(gè)20多歲的單身女性,想在約會(huì)時(shí)不花錢(qián)真的很難……這讓很多原本可能很適合我的人望而卻步?!?/p>
FIRE之火逐漸熄滅后的生活
梅爾茲說(shuō),十年前,當(dāng)她第一次進(jìn)入FIRE世界時(shí),做出細(xì)微改變的空間還比較小。她指出,2010年代的FIRE偶像往往符合某種刻板印象——已婚、雙職工(通常是工程師)、非常理智。她解釋說(shuō),他們遵循的思想是嚴(yán)格的預(yù)算編制、在電子表格中記錄一切、每晚吃米飯和豆類(lèi)、騎自行車(chē)出行。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“現(xiàn)在,F(xiàn)IRE運(yùn)動(dòng)的范圍確實(shí)擴(kuò)大了,涵蓋了各種各樣的人和對(duì)退休的態(tài)度?!彼f(shuō),"人們有更多的空間來(lái)制定自己的規(guī)則手冊(cè),嘗試而不是陷入這種生活方式?!?/p>
她找到了社區(qū),這是她一直珍視的生活方式。雖然她仍在使用十年前參與FIRE運(yùn)動(dòng)保留的預(yù)算技巧和電子表格,但她說(shuō)她不再那么頻繁地使用它們了。這是因?yàn)閷?duì)她來(lái)說(shuō),金錢(qián)不再是優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題。
她補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“在我年輕的時(shí)候,我看世界的第一視角就是金錢(qián)?,F(xiàn)在,當(dāng)我試圖在各種事情之間做出決定時(shí),金錢(qián)很少成為我的首要考慮因素,因?yàn)榻疱X(qián)已經(jīng)不那么重要了?!?/p>
她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)訂婚了,正在考慮如何更好地將自己的財(cái)務(wù)狀況與伴侶的財(cái)務(wù)狀況結(jié)合起來(lái)。她想,如果她在 22 歲時(shí)遇到他,考慮到她嚴(yán)格遵守FIRE生活方式,可能就不會(huì)有結(jié)果。最近,梅爾茲與一位朋友一起去車(chē)庫(kù)拍賣(mài)會(huì)購(gòu)物,當(dāng)這位朋友指出過(guò)去梅爾茲嚴(yán)格遵守FIRE生活方式時(shí)是不會(huì)陪她來(lái)這里購(gòu)物的,梅爾茲感到很難過(guò)。她說(shuō),這讓她很難過(guò),心想:“我到底錯(cuò)過(guò)了多少時(shí)光?就因?yàn)槲蚁攵啻鎺装倜涝薄?/p>
盡管如此,梅爾茲還是從她的FIRE習(xí)慣和預(yù)算方式中學(xué)到了東西。雖然如果你在信用方面不是白板,可能需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能加入這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),但她說(shuō),你不需要全力以赴,仍然可以將其中的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到你的生活中。盡管這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)往往是關(guān)于最終目標(biāo)和銀行賬戶里的資金,但她鼓勵(lì)人們“超越數(shù)字”。
她說(shuō):“對(duì)于那些拼盡全力在30歲就提前退休的人來(lái)說(shuō),我真的會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們審視自己行為背后的動(dòng)機(jī)。而且,他們退休是想逃離什么,還是為了什么?因?yàn)檫@是完全不同的概念。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
Ten years ago, Gwen Merz, now 33, knew exactly what she wanted and what it took to get there: to retire early at age 35 with $635,000 to her name. At least, that’s what she thought she wanted.
She had just landed a job at a Fortune 100 company in Washington D.C. after graduating from college debt-free thanks to a scholarship and time spent serving in the military. Her clean slate allowed her to “just to go all in and start saving immediately,” she tells Fortune, inspired by the early FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) influencers like Mr. Money Mustache that she read about in college.
She never made more than $80,000 a year, yet managed to save $200,000 within her first five years while maxing out her 401K, Roth IRA, and HSA. But while it got her close to what she wanted on paper, it wasn’t getting her what she needed from life.
Unhappy with her working environment, she quit and became her own boss, feeling buoyed by a few side hustles—hosting a podcast, owning a rental property, and running an Etsy shop. But most of those endeavors didn’t work out, which Merz says left her broke. She made about $15,000 on her own, but realized the grind wasn’t worth it and returned to work nine months later.
“I went at it really hard, and I saved 70% of my income,” she says. “I really bought into the hustle culture that is part of society and I got really burnt out.”
Today, Merz is an IT auditor in the banking world living in St. Louis. Tired of the hustle and a newfound perspective on money, she’s since scaled back her retirement goals, opting to live by the ‘Coast FIRE’ movement—arguably the chiller, younger sibling of the more type-A FIRE movement. It’s all about “front loading savings early on so compound interest and time in the market will combine to cover your expenses in retirement,” Merz explains.
She has $400,000 saved, per documents reviewed by Fortune; she anticipates that nest egg will compound into about $1.8 million by the time she retires early 20 years from now with her pension at age 55, creating less pressure to save.
While she still has strong savings habits from her intense FIRE days—she immediately paid off her car loan and socks away 10% of her monthly into her 401(k) with a 6% company match—“I don’t deprive myself unnecessarily anymore,” she says, adding that she’s found great returns to easing her foot off the pedal, even if they’re not always strictly financial. “Stepping it back really benefited me and gave me the flexibility and the ability to say yes.”
The breaking point
Merz says she learned to be good with money early on since her family didn’t have a lot of it; her single mom struggled to put necessities on the table. Similar financial trauma, like parents losing jobs or getting divorced, is what often pulls people to the FIRE movement, she adds—they “really want that peace of mind and that security and that freedom of having money to be able to weather whatever life throws at them.”
This upbringing gave her the mentality that money is to be saved for the future, she says. “But if you don’t learn how to spend it before you get to that point, then you’re gonna have some issues.”
She realized that while living in D.C. in her 20s, prompting her to put the brakes on her fast-track to early retirement. She noticed that the people around her made a lot more money and “weren’t afraid to spend it on themselves for their own improvement.” It was a different mindset than the one Merz developed growing up middle-class in the Midwest.
“I just remember going ‘Why am I trying to save all this money? I don’t look my best, I am not taking care of myself as well as I should, what’s kind of the point?’” she says.
She bumped down her savings rate to as little as she could and turned to a personal stylist. She often went thrifting or borrowed clothes from friends, and had no idea what looked good on her. Seeing a huge improvement after just one session, she recalls, she started to wonder what else could change in her life. “It actually made a really big difference in how I felt around other people,” she adds.
The break from saving opened Merz’s eyes to how her budget was constraining her lifestyle. “My bank account really benefited from the actions that I took in my 20s, but I think my social life suffered an equal amount,” she says, adding that, “It’s really hard to be a single woman in your 20s in dating and not wanting to spend any money…it turned off a lot of people who might have otherwise been probably a pretty good fit for me.”
Life as the FIRE’s flame dwindles
When Merz first entered the FIRE world a decade ago, she says there was a bit less room for nuance. The 2010s FIRE icons often fit a certain stereotype, she notes—married, dual income (often engineers), and very cerebral. The ideology they followed was one of strict budgeting, logging everything in spreadsheets, eating rice and beans every night, and biking to get around, she explains. “Now the FIRE movement has really kind of expanded to encompass a wide variety of people and attitudes towards retirement,” she adds; there’s more room to make your own rulebook and to wade, rather than dive into, the lifestyle.
She found community, something she continues to treasure about the lifestyle. And while she still uses some FIRE budgeting tips and spreadsheets from a decade ago, she says she no longer turns to them as much. That’s because money is no longer the priority it once was for her.
“When I was younger, the number one lens that I viewed the world through was money,” she adds. “Now, money is very rarely my first consideration when I’m trying to decide between things, because money doesn’t matter as much.”
She’s now engaged and figuring out how to best merge her finances with her partner. She figures it might not have worked out if she met him at 22, given how intense her lifestyle was. During a recent shopping excursion to a garage sale with a friend, Merz felt sad when the friend pointed out that Merz wouldn’t have accompanied her during her past FIRE lifestyle. She says it made her sad, wondering, “How much of that time did I miss out on? Because I wanted to save an extra couple $100.”
Still, Merz learned from her FIRE habits and budgeting ways. While it can take a long time to join the movement if you don’t have a clean slate, she says you don’t need to go full hog to still apply some of its lessons to your life. Even though the movement is often about the end goal and what’s in the bank account, she encourages people to “go beyond the numbers.”
“To somebody who’s going super hard for early retirement at age 30, I would really encourage them to examine their motivations behind their actions,” she says. “And, are they retiring from something or are they retiring to something? Because those are pretty different concepts.”