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專訪波音“吹哨人”家人:他不會白白死去

SHAWN TULLY
2024-04-05

巴內(nèi)特上月“自殘”死亡后,其家人首次接受深度采訪。

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前波音質(zhì)量經(jīng)理約翰?巴內(nèi)特在南卡羅來納州家中,照片攝于2019年。巴內(nèi)特于2024年3月9日被發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡。SWIKAR PATEL—THE NEW YORK TIMES

維姬?斯托克斯用路易斯安那州特有的輕柔口音追憶了她的兒子——已故約翰?巴內(nèi)特的過往。他的兒子作為吹哨人不懈地揭露他在波音工廠親眼目睹的諸多公然違反質(zhì)量控制規(guī)定的行為,但這最終使他付出了生命的代價。

斯托克斯今年已經(jīng)84歲,身體狀況很差。她說:“巴內(nèi)特回路易斯安那州老家探親時,我曾勸他放手,讓他像其他人一樣上班就行了?!也荒苣菢幼?,’他說,‘我有兄弟、侄女和侄子,他們經(jīng)常坐飛機(jī),如果他們或者乘坐這些飛機(jī)的任何人發(fā)生任何意外,我都無法原諒自己?!囊磺信褪谴_保一切按規(guī)章制度辦事,但卻事與愿違。他不能袖手旁觀,聽之任之?!?/p>

維姬?斯托克斯和她的大兒子羅德尼在南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓羅伯特?特克維茨律師的辦公室里接受了我的電話采訪。此次與《財富》雜志的對話是這家人首次接受媒體深度采訪。(于3月27日播出的CBS晚間新聞,他們首次接受電視采訪。)

我們采訪時,約翰?巴內(nèi)特已去世整整14天。62歲的巴內(nèi)特被發(fā)現(xiàn)死在查爾斯頓市中心阿什利河對岸一家假日酒店停車場的一輛橙色道奇公羊皮卡車內(nèi),這輛車是他自己的,當(dāng)時他正坐在駕駛座上,手握一把銀色手槍。四天后,查爾斯頓縣驗(yàn)尸官判定其死因?yàn)椤懊黠@自殘”,并透露副駕駛座位上放著一張“類似紙條的白紙”。(紙條上的內(nèi)容尚未公開)。

現(xiàn)在,家喻戶曉的“維姬女士”和巴內(nèi)特的其余三兄弟都不想讓巴內(nèi)特揭露的問題隨著他的離世而被掩蓋起來。他們這么做是有理由的。2010年至2017年,巴內(nèi)特在北查爾斯頓裝配廠擔(dān)任“質(zhì)量經(jīng)理”,負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管波音787夢幻客機(jī)(787 Dreamliner)的生產(chǎn),他發(fā)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程并未遵循聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration)以及波音公司自身規(guī)定的流程和程序,但他的意見并未引起上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視。

巴內(nèi)特稱,波音惱羞成怒,要對他進(jìn)行報復(fù),這讓他的母親非常擔(dān)心,事實(shí)證明,他的預(yù)言沒有錯,這著實(shí)令人震驚。因737 Max客機(jī)安裝的新型飛行控制軟件系統(tǒng)存在問題,自此,空難時有發(fā)生。2018年和2019年,印尼獅航和印尼航空分別有一架客機(jī)墜毀,共造成346人喪生。

隨后,今年1月初,美國阿拉斯加航空公司一架飛機(jī)從俄勒岡州波特蘭起飛后不久在空中發(fā)生事故。當(dāng)飛機(jī)爬升到約16,000英尺高空時,飛機(jī)主艙門突然爆裂,發(fā)出了一聲震耳欲聾的轟鳴聲。這起事故再次表明,巴內(nèi)特在北查爾斯頓指出的質(zhì)量控制漏洞是多么根深蒂固。1月底,也就是巴內(nèi)特去世前六周,在接受TMZ采訪(他最后一次接受媒體采訪)時,他總結(jié)道:“這不是737的問題,而是波音的問題。無論是飛機(jī)艙門,還是飛機(jī)的其他部件,都面臨同樣的問題,工作并未妥善完成,未對飛機(jī)進(jìn)行檢查,問題也未受到重視?!?/p>

這位路易斯安那州的孤膽斗士可以說是挑戰(zhàn)這家神話般制造商的最有名、最有公信力的吹哨人。得知他去世的消息后,他的家人悲痛欲絕,但他們并未放棄,正在為他所發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)斗譜寫新篇章。巴內(nèi)特的母親和他的兄弟們正在繼續(xù)推進(jìn)巴內(nèi)特對波音發(fā)起的長期訴訟。他們正設(shè)法取代巴內(nèi)特成為該訴訟的原告,該訴訟指控,波音對巴內(nèi)特進(jìn)行職場騷擾,不讓他調(diào)任他能完全勝任的波音其他職位,并在他計(jì)劃退休前十年迫使他離職,從而剝奪了這位在波音工作長達(dá)32年之久的老員工的未來收入,因此,他們要求波音對巴內(nèi)特作出的非法報復(fù)行為進(jìn)行賠償。

波音否認(rèn)騷擾或報復(fù)巴內(nèi)特,并于2021年發(fā)表了如下聲明:“波音并沒有通過任何手段惡意妨礙巴內(nèi)特先生繼續(xù)從事他所選擇的任何職業(yè)?!?/p>

這起訴訟的意義并不在于波音可能支付的賠償金額,而在于以冗長的篇幅(其中一些內(nèi)容是首次公開)極其具體地揭露了北查爾斯頓工廠涉嫌違反安全規(guī)定的行為,并聲稱管理者們非但未能解決這些問題,反而懲罰了指出問題的安全鷹派人士。巴內(nèi)特的控訴既暴露了波音的種種弊端,也指出了波音亟需進(jìn)行的改革,以振作精神,終結(jié)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)史上最混亂的一次衰退。

在《財富》雜志采訪中,維姬?斯托克斯和羅德尼?巴內(nèi)特詳細(xì)詳述了他們深愛的兒子及兄弟的人生歷程。約翰?巴內(nèi)特從熱愛波音的企業(yè)文化到擔(dān)心波音錯誤轉(zhuǎn)型會引發(fā)空難;他從一個樂天派變成了孤膽斗士,不顧媽媽的勸阻,面對高墻阻隔不停地沖鋒陷陣。最重要的是,他的母親和哥哥強(qiáng)調(diào),雖然“我就是停不下來”的追求讓巴內(nèi)特陷入焦慮,似乎終使他精神崩潰,但他始終堅(jiān)信,前進(jìn)的腳步不能停下?,F(xiàn)在,他的家人接過了接力棒。

風(fēng)趣幽默、熱情奔放的孩子

巴內(nèi)特的母親說,約翰出生在加利福尼亞州的鄧斯繆爾,這里是靠近俄勒岡州邊境的鱒魚垂釣和白水漂流中心,坐落在白雪皚皚的沙斯塔山腳下,四周是森林覆蓋的山脊。約翰的父親是一名鐵路工人。1964年,約翰兩歲時,父母離婚,維姬回到了她的家鄉(xiāng),即位于路易斯安那州中心、擁有約45,000人口的亞歷山大市,距巴吞魯日西北部兩小時車程,距什里夫波特東南部兩小時車程,該市最初是在1803年路易斯安那購地時法國賣給美國的領(lǐng)土上建立起來的貿(mào)易中心。亞歷山大市瀕臨紅河,有州際高速公路和聯(lián)合太平洋鐵路,擁有強(qiáng)大的制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ),寶潔(Procter & Gamble)、巴斯夫(BASF)和聯(lián)合罐車(Union Tank Car)等公司都是這里的支柱企業(yè)。居民們可以在聞名遐邇的馬蒂?格拉斯狂歡節(jié)和一年一度的貓王節(jié)上盡情狂歡,還可以欣賞汽車越野賽和龍舟賽。

約翰?巴內(nèi)特的中間名為米切爾,朋友和家人都叫他“米切”,他是四個男孩中最小的一個。維姬?斯托克斯是一位單親媽媽,在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰乃夼嘤?xùn)學(xué)校擔(dān)任注冊護(hù)士助理。斯托克斯說:“我讓我的孩子們從小就開始干活。我們一家人一起努力?!睅讉€年齡較大的孩子在小豬商店(Piggly Wiggly)干過裝袋工作,也干過加油等工作。比約翰大六歲的羅德尼回憶說:“我是長子,做家務(wù)、做晚飯以及讓弟弟們守規(guī)矩,就是我的分內(nèi)之事。但對我們兄弟幾個而言,課后和周末干活以及媽媽言傳身教讓我們有了堅(jiān)韌不拔的品格和毅力,并且教會我們,當(dāng)我們犯錯時,要勇于承認(rèn)錯誤?!彼f:“米切最小,干的活并不多。他風(fēng)趣幽默、自由奔放,有點(diǎn)被媽媽和哥哥們寵壞了。但他身上也有這些優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)?!?/p>

巴內(nèi)特曾就讀于亞歷山大的博爾頓高中,該校每年通常只有100多名畢業(yè)生?!八幸粋€最好的朋友叫巴斯特,他們關(guān)系非常好,”維姬回憶說,她于1977年再婚,當(dāng)時巴內(nèi)特還在讀高中。“巴斯特的父親是一名警察,他收養(yǎng)了米切,并教他守規(guī)矩、不惹是生非?!?/p>

畢業(yè)后,巴內(nèi)特加入了空軍,希望在軍隊(duì)擔(dān)任維護(hù)微波塔的技術(shù)員。但當(dāng)他在圣安東尼奧的拉克蘭基地完成八個月的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練后,空軍并沒有給新申請者提供任何培訓(xùn)名額。巴內(nèi)特的母親說:“我丈夫在加利福尼亞州帕姆代爾工作,為羅克韋爾國際公司(Rockwell International)研制航天飛機(jī)。米切就和他一起參與了該項(xiàng)目。”羅克韋爾工廠位于帕姆代爾,是航天飛機(jī)所有部件的總裝地。1985年,第四代航天飛機(jī)亞特蘭蒂斯號完工后,一些羅克韋爾員工從帕姆代爾向北遷移了1,100英里,來到位于西雅圖的波音公司工作。約翰?巴內(nèi)特就是其中之一。

巴內(nèi)特在艾弗雷特工作時非常敬佩波音

巴內(nèi)特在西雅圖附近波音知名的艾弗雷特工廠工作了25年,在此期間,該工廠裝配了三種劃時代的噴氣式飛機(jī):747、767和777。據(jù)羅德尼和他的母親說,“米切”曾對波音的質(zhì)量保障措施和出色的工程設(shè)計(jì)非常敬佩,正如他在2019年接受《企業(yè)犯罪報道者》(Corporate Crime Reporter)采訪時所說的那樣。巴內(nèi)特說:“我在參與747、767和777制造時,我們對怎樣才能制造一架安全適航的飛機(jī)完全心里有數(shù)?!?/p>

維姬?斯托克斯說:“在艾弗雷特工作期間,他熱愛波音公司,熱愛他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。他總是為同事們舉辦派對。在馬蒂?格拉斯狂歡節(jié)舉辦期間,他會帶著狂歡節(jié)珠子和蛋糕去上班。他為自己的路易斯安那血統(tǒng)感到自豪?!痹趤啔v山大??松值軞泝x館(Hixson Bros. funeral home)網(wǎng)站上建立的巴內(nèi)特紀(jì)念墻上,一位當(dāng)年的同事回憶說,有一次她和巴內(nèi)特離開工廠時,她說自己的車胎爆了,英勇的巴內(nèi)特“并沒有直接讓給AAA打電話”,而是“脫下自己的襯衫”,“不到10分鐘就換好了車胎”。

巴內(nèi)特住在皮吉特灣的卡馬諾島,這里有自行車道和巖灘,距離艾弗雷特只有一個多小時的車程。他最大的愛好是在長青賽道上賽車。巴內(nèi)特喜歡改裝他的越野賽車,此時,他的身心就會完全放松。紀(jì)念墻上有一張照片,這位公路戰(zhàn)士腋下夾著頭盔,意氣風(fēng)發(fā)地站在一輛青綠色的賽車前。巴內(nèi)特以河口之王——鱷魚作為賽車的標(biāo)志和吉祥物。維姬女士說:“我們經(jīng)常上去看他賽車。他的車前面畫著一條綠色的大鱷魚,他還會給孩子們分發(fā)綠色的塑料小鱷魚。他甚至還在車的右擋風(fēng)玻璃后面裝了一個真正的鱷魚頭,他家里到處擺放著鱷魚頭紀(jì)念品。他贏得了年度最佳新秀獎和各種獎杯。這些獎杯現(xiàn)在還裝在箱子里,放在亞歷山大的家里?!?/p>

巴內(nèi)特甚至還特意設(shè)計(jì)了一個橢圓形徽標(biāo),上面有一條張開大嘴準(zhǔn)備吞掉他的賽車的巨型鱷魚,徽標(biāo)上還有他自己起的賽車綽號“沼澤巨鱷”。事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)朋友,無論是他的律師還是賽車朋友,都稱巴內(nèi)特“沼澤”。

在艾弗雷特工作期間,巴內(nèi)特結(jié)識了已經(jīng)離婚并帶有兩個兒子的波音同事辛迪?斯瓦福德,隨后,他們結(jié)婚了。孩子們讀完高中后,他們離婚了,但他與辛迪和繼子們的關(guān)系仍然很好。在艾弗雷特工作的最后幾年,巴內(nèi)特幾乎所有閑暇時間都是和黛安?約翰遜在一起度過的,諷刺的是,黛安曾在波音公司擔(dān)任與美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)的聯(lián)絡(luò)員,不過和巴內(nèi)特分屬不同部門。多年以后,他的生活重心轉(zhuǎn)向了黛安,但他在幫助黛安對抗致命疾病的同時,還要應(yīng)對作為吹哨人與波音斗爭的緊張局面。

吹哨人承受的巨大壓力

巴內(nèi)特的母親和哥哥說,2010年,巴內(nèi)特懷著殷切的希望以幽默樂觀的態(tài)度開始了他在北查爾斯頓的工作。就像他的鱷魚徽標(biāo)一樣,他個性張揚(yáng)、自由奔放。巴內(nèi)特的臉上留著海象式胡須和濃密的山羊胡子,棕色的頭發(fā)披散在肩上,他笑聲朗朗、童心未泯,深受家人喜愛。紀(jì)念墻上有一張照片,巴內(nèi)特在一個哥哥的游泳池里和兩個侄女玩耍、嬉鬧,兩個侄女緊緊抓住他的胳膊。他的胸部有什么紋身?除了鱷魚嘴,還能有什么?!八闹杜椭蹲觽兘兴瓼uncle’,意思就是‘有趣的叔叔’,”他的母親說。在中產(chǎn)階級聚居的古斯克里克鎮(zhèn),他再次結(jié)識了很多朋友,這條街上都是上世紀(jì)80年代建造的老式單層房屋,一幢幢并排而建,看不到一個游泳池。

紀(jì)念墻上有一張巴內(nèi)特在查爾斯頓工作時期的照片,他穿著合身的尼龍T恤,戴著飛行員墨鏡,興高采烈地駕駛著一艘快艇。羅德尼回憶說,米切在駕船時展現(xiàn)的更多是熱情,而不是航海技術(shù)。羅德尼說:“我們駕駛快艇通過船閘,此時痛快之極,但之后我們就得劃著快艇回來?!碑?dāng)他的弟弟在返回路易斯安那州之前賣掉那艘快艇時,羅德尼如釋重負(fù)。

巴內(nèi)特顯然希望北查爾斯頓的波音工廠能像他在艾弗雷特所珍視和尊敬的波音工廠一樣。當(dāng)時,該工廠剛剛竣工,是組裝787飛機(jī)的超級先進(jìn)的新工廠。羅德尼曾在空軍服役19年,是一名航空電子導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)專家,退役后在當(dāng)?shù)刂驹赶狸?duì)擔(dān)任副隊(duì)長,他說,“巴內(nèi)特剛得到這份工作時,他非常興奮,問我是否有興趣到北查爾斯頓工廠工作,并說這將是一份很棒的工作。我婉言謝絕了,但他很高興能去那里,成為新工廠的一員。”但好景不長。維姬說,她和丈夫在古斯克里克也住了八個月,就是為了能離兒子近一點(diǎn)。她回憶說:“一兩年后,他的擔(dān)憂開始顯現(xiàn)出來。他回家時憂心忡忡。他不敢相信這里的企業(yè)文化竟然和西雅圖的差別如此之大?!绷_德尼補(bǔ)充道,“他發(fā)現(xiàn)北查爾斯頓同事的工作和處事方式與西雅圖同事完全不同?!?/p>

回到家鄉(xiāng),仍與波音抗?fàn)?/strong>

2017年初,巴內(nèi)特離開了波音,在這之前的幾年里,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多問題,從氧氣系統(tǒng)失靈導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)減壓時落下的氧氣面罩無法使用,到鋒利的鈦金屬碎片與電線混在一起,不一而足。就在離職前,他曾向職業(yè)安全與健康管理局(OSHA)投訴,這也是他現(xiàn)在提起的勞動訴訟的依據(jù),他聲稱他的上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們對他提出的許多問題置之不理,并因他不斷提出亟待解決的合理安全問題而迫使他離職。

維姬女士說,巴內(nèi)特搬回亞歷山大是為了照顧我。她回憶說:“他本可以搬到他的三個哥哥附近,那里距亞歷山大只有一、兩小時的車程,但他擔(dān)心我的健康,回到了我的身邊?!钡荒旰?,巴內(nèi)特得知黛安?約翰遜被確診腦癌,很快就要住進(jìn)療養(yǎng)院。巴內(nèi)特就義無反顧地去照顧他的愛人;后來,黛安搬到了亞歷山大,他們結(jié)婚了。黛安身體尚可時,二人一起擺弄巴內(nèi)特的越野車,心情十分愉快。羅德尼說:“他舍棄了華盛頓的柏油馬路,選擇了路易斯安那州的泥土路?!奔o(jì)念墻上有一張照片,夫妻二人用扁平鋼板建造了一輛公路怪獸,形狀狹長,就像一個面包。最后,他們還在右儀表臺支架上安裝了一個鱷魚頭。

“他不說話時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他焦慮不安。在訴波音案件中,他既要查閱資料,又要提供證詞,他太累了,”維姬女士談到巴內(nèi)特時說?!八荒樸俱玻麖牟话堰@種壓力加在別人身上?!彼€說,在家庭聚會上,特別是在侄女和侄子面前,他只表現(xiàn)出他開朗的一面。羅德尼提及一件重要的事,巴內(nèi)特的侄女卡特琳?吉萊斯皮也是一名越野賽車手,曾駕車撞上巴內(nèi)特的賽車,把鱷魚頭都撞歪了。羅德尼說:“自那以后,米切就不再坐在侄女的車?yán)镆黄鸨荣??!?/p>

對維姬女士來說,探望米切和黛安是一件愉快的事?!八詈笠淮沃酗L(fēng)時,他們相視而笑,好像有什么秘密一樣,”他的媽媽說。“去他們家很開心?!彼J(rèn)為黛安的生命得以延長離不開她兒子的照顧。維姬女士說:“她剛被確診時,醫(yī)生說她還能活14個月,結(jié)果她活了將近五年。米切像照顧嬰兒一樣照顧她,每天喂她吃飯,陪她坐八個小時?!摈彀灿?022年感恩節(jié)前幾天去世。

巴內(nèi)特的家人成為新的原告

3月16日星期六,100多人參加了巴內(nèi)特的葬禮,他的前妻辛迪和他的兩個繼子、他的律師特克維茨及其妻子也在其中。在接下來的幾天里,律師們與維姬女士、羅德尼及其他家人一起討論他們是否愿意代替巴內(nèi)特繼續(xù)訴訟,他們很快就同意了。維姬?斯托克斯和羅德尼?巴內(nèi)特在接受我們采訪時堅(jiān)稱,他們的決定與金錢無關(guān)。羅德尼說:“我們提起訴訟是為了證明我弟弟的指控從一開始就是正確的。證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)將使我們?nèi)液退鶕?dān)心的所有人的航空旅行更加安全,并改變波音公司的企業(yè)文化?!北M管巴內(nèi)特的家人呼吁徹查巴內(nèi)特的死亡真相,但他們表示,他們沒有做任何事情來鼓動或散布謠言,說他死于謀殺。

這起訴訟案由來已久。這起案件是根據(jù)聯(lián)邦“AIR-21”法提起的,該法禁止雇主對吹哨人進(jìn)行報復(fù)。2020年底,職業(yè)安全與健康管理局做出了對波音有利的有效裁決,認(rèn)為“沒有合理的理由”認(rèn)為這家航空巨頭違反了該法。巴內(nèi)特的律師隨后遞交了一份經(jīng)過修改的訴狀,要求美國勞工部(U.S. Department of Labor)行政法法官辦公室舉行聽證會,當(dāng)前訴訟要求波音對巴內(nèi)特遭受的騷擾、工資損失和精神創(chuàng)傷進(jìn)行賠償。波音申請駁回此案。但在2022年年中,勞工部法官做出了對巴內(nèi)特有利的裁決,其中裁定:“我同意原告的主張,并認(rèn)定……訴狀充分指控了一種報復(fù)行為模式,致使原告處于敵意工作環(huán)境......并被[無端]解雇?!?/p>

3月20日,特克維茨和他的合作律師布萊恩?諾爾斯七年來首次公開了這份訴狀。這份訴狀長達(dá)32頁,列舉了鈦碎片、氧氣面罩、安裝缺陷部件等問題,以及其他一些涉嫌違反波音和聯(lián)邦航空管理局規(guī)定流程和程序的行為。這可以說是波音吹哨人對波音生產(chǎn)紕漏所作的最詳盡的目擊記錄。在巴內(nèi)特的律師公布這份訴狀后,波音發(fā)布了一份公告,重申了兩周前關(guān)于巴內(nèi)特死亡的聲明,稱“我們對巴內(nèi)特先生的去世感到悲痛,并向他的家人和朋友表示慰問,”并補(bǔ)充道“波音調(diào)查并解決了巴內(nèi)特先生在退休前提出的質(zhì)量問題,以及訴狀中提到的其他質(zhì)量問題?!?/p>

在巴內(nèi)特去世的前一天,他在查爾斯頓市中心波音出庭律師的豪華辦公室里提供了大約四個小時的證詞;當(dāng)時,波音的外聘律師也在場。巴內(nèi)特本想在當(dāng)晚離開查爾斯頓,以便在周日開車返回亞歷山大。但在周五晚些時候,他同意在周六完成作證。他說:“盡快了結(jié)此事吧。我已經(jīng)等了七年了?!?/p>

巴內(nèi)特早些時候曾告訴母親,他要出去兩天,周日回家;維姬女士回憶說,當(dāng)晚他還約了一位好友共進(jìn)晚餐?!八軗?dān)心自己的健康,他瘦了,他是我的寶貝,但他看上去不像是我的小兒子,他老了,”她告訴我?!暗幸患拢冀K堅(jiān)信不疑。他告訴我:‘媽媽,我從來只說真話。他們永遠(yuǎn)抓不到我撒謊的證據(jù)?!彼诮邮蹸BC早間新聞(CBC Mornings)采訪時補(bǔ)充道:“如果這起案件不拖這么久,我的兒子還在,他的哥哥們的弟弟還在?!本S姬女士、羅德尼和他的家人正在推進(jìn)吹哨史上其中一次最轟動的戰(zhàn)斗,這表明他們對一個由單親媽媽和“警察教父”培養(yǎng)出來的誠實(shí)男人充滿信心,他的教父讓他走上了最正直誠實(shí)的道路,他的家人堅(jiān)信,他從未偏離這條道路。(財富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

前波音質(zhì)量經(jīng)理約翰?巴內(nèi)特在南卡羅來納州家中,照片攝于2019年。巴內(nèi)特于2024年3月9日被發(fā)現(xiàn)死亡。SWIKAR PATEL—THE NEW YORK TIMES

維姬?斯托克斯用路易斯安那州特有的輕柔口音追憶了她的兒子——已故約翰?巴內(nèi)特的過往。他的兒子作為吹哨人不懈地揭露他在波音工廠親眼目睹的諸多公然違反質(zhì)量控制規(guī)定的行為,但這最終使他付出了生命的代價。

斯托克斯今年已經(jīng)84歲,身體狀況很差。她說:“巴內(nèi)特回路易斯安那州老家探親時,我曾勸他放手,讓他像其他人一樣上班就行了?!也荒苣菢幼?,’他說,‘我有兄弟、侄女和侄子,他們經(jīng)常坐飛機(jī),如果他們或者乘坐這些飛機(jī)的任何人發(fā)生任何意外,我都無法原諒自己?!囊磺信褪谴_保一切按規(guī)章制度辦事,但卻事與愿違。他不能袖手旁觀,聽之任之?!?/p>

維姬?斯托克斯和她的大兒子羅德尼在南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓羅伯特?特克維茨律師的辦公室里接受了我的電話采訪。此次與《財富》雜志的對話是這家人首次接受媒體深度采訪。(于3月27日播出的CBS晚間新聞,他們首次接受電視采訪。)

我們采訪時,約翰?巴內(nèi)特已去世整整14天。62歲的巴內(nèi)特被發(fā)現(xiàn)死在查爾斯頓市中心阿什利河對岸一家假日酒店停車場的一輛橙色道奇公羊皮卡車內(nèi),這輛車是他自己的,當(dāng)時他正坐在駕駛座上,手握一把銀色手槍。四天后,查爾斯頓縣驗(yàn)尸官判定其死因?yàn)椤懊黠@自殘”,并透露副駕駛座位上放著一張“類似紙條的白紙”。(紙條上的內(nèi)容尚未公開)。

現(xiàn)在,家喻戶曉的“維姬女士”和巴內(nèi)特的其余三兄弟都不想讓巴內(nèi)特揭露的問題隨著他的離世而被掩蓋起來。他們這么做是有理由的。2010年至2017年,巴內(nèi)特在北查爾斯頓裝配廠擔(dān)任“質(zhì)量經(jīng)理”,負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管波音787夢幻客機(jī)(787 Dreamliner)的生產(chǎn),他發(fā)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程并未遵循聯(lián)邦航空管理局(Federal Aviation Administration)以及波音公司自身規(guī)定的流程和程序,但他的意見并未引起上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視。

巴內(nèi)特稱,波音惱羞成怒,要對他進(jìn)行報復(fù),這讓他的母親非常擔(dān)心,事實(shí)證明,他的預(yù)言沒有錯,這著實(shí)令人震驚。因737 Max客機(jī)安裝的新型飛行控制軟件系統(tǒng)存在問題,自此,空難時有發(fā)生。2018年和2019年,印尼獅航和印尼航空分別有一架客機(jī)墜毀,共造成346人喪生。

隨后,今年1月初,美國阿拉斯加航空公司一架飛機(jī)從俄勒岡州波特蘭起飛后不久在空中發(fā)生事故。當(dāng)飛機(jī)爬升到約16,000英尺高空時,飛機(jī)主艙門突然爆裂,發(fā)出了一聲震耳欲聾的轟鳴聲。這起事故再次表明,巴內(nèi)特在北查爾斯頓指出的質(zhì)量控制漏洞是多么根深蒂固。1月底,也就是巴內(nèi)特去世前六周,在接受TMZ采訪(他最后一次接受媒體采訪)時,他總結(jié)道:“這不是737的問題,而是波音的問題。無論是飛機(jī)艙門,還是飛機(jī)的其他部件,都面臨同樣的問題,工作并未妥善完成,未對飛機(jī)進(jìn)行檢查,問題也未受到重視?!?/p>

這位路易斯安那州的孤膽斗士可以說是挑戰(zhàn)這家神話般制造商的最有名、最有公信力的吹哨人。得知他去世的消息后,他的家人悲痛欲絕,但他們并未放棄,正在為他所發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)斗譜寫新篇章。巴內(nèi)特的母親和他的兄弟們正在繼續(xù)推進(jìn)巴內(nèi)特對波音發(fā)起的長期訴訟。他們正設(shè)法取代巴內(nèi)特成為該訴訟的原告,該訴訟指控,波音對巴內(nèi)特進(jìn)行職場騷擾,不讓他調(diào)任他能完全勝任的波音其他職位,并在他計(jì)劃退休前十年迫使他離職,從而剝奪了這位在波音工作長達(dá)32年之久的老員工的未來收入,因此,他們要求波音對巴內(nèi)特作出的非法報復(fù)行為進(jìn)行賠償。

波音否認(rèn)騷擾或報復(fù)巴內(nèi)特,并于2021年發(fā)表了如下聲明:“波音并沒有通過任何手段惡意妨礙巴內(nèi)特先生繼續(xù)從事他所選擇的任何職業(yè)。”

這起訴訟的意義并不在于波音可能支付的賠償金額,而在于以冗長的篇幅(其中一些內(nèi)容是首次公開)極其具體地揭露了北查爾斯頓工廠涉嫌違反安全規(guī)定的行為,并聲稱管理者們非但未能解決這些問題,反而懲罰了指出問題的安全鷹派人士。巴內(nèi)特的控訴既暴露了波音的種種弊端,也指出了波音亟需進(jìn)行的改革,以振作精神,終結(jié)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)史上最混亂的一次衰退。

在《財富》雜志采訪中,維姬?斯托克斯和羅德尼?巴內(nèi)特詳細(xì)詳述了他們深愛的兒子及兄弟的人生歷程。約翰?巴內(nèi)特從熱愛波音的企業(yè)文化到擔(dān)心波音錯誤轉(zhuǎn)型會引發(fā)空難;他從一個樂天派變成了孤膽斗士,不顧媽媽的勸阻,面對高墻阻隔不停地沖鋒陷陣。最重要的是,他的母親和哥哥強(qiáng)調(diào),雖然“我就是停不下來”的追求讓巴內(nèi)特陷入焦慮,似乎終使他精神崩潰,但他始終堅(jiān)信,前進(jìn)的腳步不能停下?,F(xiàn)在,他的家人接過了接力棒。

風(fēng)趣幽默、熱情奔放的孩子

巴內(nèi)特的母親說,約翰出生在加利福尼亞州的鄧斯繆爾,這里是靠近俄勒岡州邊境的鱒魚垂釣和白水漂流中心,坐落在白雪皚皚的沙斯塔山腳下,四周是森林覆蓋的山脊。約翰的父親是一名鐵路工人。1964年,約翰兩歲時,父母離婚,維姬回到了她的家鄉(xiāng),即位于路易斯安那州中心、擁有約45,000人口的亞歷山大市,距巴吞魯日西北部兩小時車程,距什里夫波特東南部兩小時車程,該市最初是在1803年路易斯安那購地時法國賣給美國的領(lǐng)土上建立起來的貿(mào)易中心。亞歷山大市瀕臨紅河,有州際高速公路和聯(lián)合太平洋鐵路,擁有強(qiáng)大的制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ),寶潔(Procter & Gamble)、巴斯夫(BASF)和聯(lián)合罐車(Union Tank Car)等公司都是這里的支柱企業(yè)。居民們可以在聞名遐邇的馬蒂?格拉斯狂歡節(jié)和一年一度的貓王節(jié)上盡情狂歡,還可以欣賞汽車越野賽和龍舟賽。

約翰?巴內(nèi)特的中間名為米切爾,朋友和家人都叫他“米切”,他是四個男孩中最小的一個。維姬?斯托克斯是一位單親媽媽,在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰乃夼嘤?xùn)學(xué)校擔(dān)任注冊護(hù)士助理。斯托克斯說:“我讓我的孩子們從小就開始干活。我們一家人一起努力?!睅讉€年齡較大的孩子在小豬商店(Piggly Wiggly)干過裝袋工作,也干過加油等工作。比約翰大六歲的羅德尼回憶說:“我是長子,做家務(wù)、做晚飯以及讓弟弟們守規(guī)矩,就是我的分內(nèi)之事。但對我們兄弟幾個而言,課后和周末干活以及媽媽言傳身教讓我們有了堅(jiān)韌不拔的品格和毅力,并且教會我們,當(dāng)我們犯錯時,要勇于承認(rèn)錯誤?!彼f:“米切最小,干的活并不多。他風(fēng)趣幽默、自由奔放,有點(diǎn)被媽媽和哥哥們寵壞了。但他身上也有這些優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。”

巴內(nèi)特曾就讀于亞歷山大的博爾頓高中,該校每年通常只有100多名畢業(yè)生?!八幸粋€最好的朋友叫巴斯特,他們關(guān)系非常好,”維姬回憶說,她于1977年再婚,當(dāng)時巴內(nèi)特還在讀高中?!鞍退固氐母赣H是一名警察,他收養(yǎng)了米切,并教他守規(guī)矩、不惹是生非。”

畢業(yè)后,巴內(nèi)特加入了空軍,希望在軍隊(duì)擔(dān)任維護(hù)微波塔的技術(shù)員。但當(dāng)他在圣安東尼奧的拉克蘭基地完成八個月的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練后,空軍并沒有給新申請者提供任何培訓(xùn)名額。巴內(nèi)特的母親說:“我丈夫在加利福尼亞州帕姆代爾工作,為羅克韋爾國際公司(Rockwell International)研制航天飛機(jī)。米切就和他一起參與了該項(xiàng)目?!绷_克韋爾工廠位于帕姆代爾,是航天飛機(jī)所有部件的總裝地。1985年,第四代航天飛機(jī)亞特蘭蒂斯號完工后,一些羅克韋爾員工從帕姆代爾向北遷移了1,100英里,來到位于西雅圖的波音公司工作。約翰?巴內(nèi)特就是其中之一。

巴內(nèi)特在艾弗雷特工作時非常敬佩波音

巴內(nèi)特在西雅圖附近波音知名的艾弗雷特工廠工作了25年,在此期間,該工廠裝配了三種劃時代的噴氣式飛機(jī):747、767和777。據(jù)羅德尼和他的母親說,“米切”曾對波音的質(zhì)量保障措施和出色的工程設(shè)計(jì)非常敬佩,正如他在2019年接受《企業(yè)犯罪報道者》(Corporate Crime Reporter)采訪時所說的那樣。巴內(nèi)特說:“我在參與747、767和777制造時,我們對怎樣才能制造一架安全適航的飛機(jī)完全心里有數(shù)。”

維姬?斯托克斯說:“在艾弗雷特工作期間,他熱愛波音公司,熱愛他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。他總是為同事們舉辦派對。在馬蒂?格拉斯狂歡節(jié)舉辦期間,他會帶著狂歡節(jié)珠子和蛋糕去上班。他為自己的路易斯安那血統(tǒng)感到自豪。”在亞歷山大??松值軞泝x館(Hixson Bros. funeral home)網(wǎng)站上建立的巴內(nèi)特紀(jì)念墻上,一位當(dāng)年的同事回憶說,有一次她和巴內(nèi)特離開工廠時,她說自己的車胎爆了,英勇的巴內(nèi)特“并沒有直接讓給AAA打電話”,而是“脫下自己的襯衫”,“不到10分鐘就換好了車胎”。

巴內(nèi)特住在皮吉特灣的卡馬諾島,這里有自行車道和巖灘,距離艾弗雷特只有一個多小時的車程。他最大的愛好是在長青賽道上賽車。巴內(nèi)特喜歡改裝他的越野賽車,此時,他的身心就會完全放松。紀(jì)念墻上有一張照片,這位公路戰(zhàn)士腋下夾著頭盔,意氣風(fēng)發(fā)地站在一輛青綠色的賽車前。巴內(nèi)特以河口之王——鱷魚作為賽車的標(biāo)志和吉祥物。維姬女士說:“我們經(jīng)常上去看他賽車。他的車前面畫著一條綠色的大鱷魚,他還會給孩子們分發(fā)綠色的塑料小鱷魚。他甚至還在車的右擋風(fēng)玻璃后面裝了一個真正的鱷魚頭,他家里到處擺放著鱷魚頭紀(jì)念品。他贏得了年度最佳新秀獎和各種獎杯。這些獎杯現(xiàn)在還裝在箱子里,放在亞歷山大的家里。”

巴內(nèi)特甚至還特意設(shè)計(jì)了一個橢圓形徽標(biāo),上面有一條張開大嘴準(zhǔn)備吞掉他的賽車的巨型鱷魚,徽標(biāo)上還有他自己起的賽車綽號“沼澤巨鱷”。事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)朋友,無論是他的律師還是賽車朋友,都稱巴內(nèi)特“沼澤”。

在艾弗雷特工作期間,巴內(nèi)特結(jié)識了已經(jīng)離婚并帶有兩個兒子的波音同事辛迪?斯瓦福德,隨后,他們結(jié)婚了。孩子們讀完高中后,他們離婚了,但他與辛迪和繼子們的關(guān)系仍然很好。在艾弗雷特工作的最后幾年,巴內(nèi)特幾乎所有閑暇時間都是和黛安?約翰遜在一起度過的,諷刺的是,黛安曾在波音公司擔(dān)任與美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)的聯(lián)絡(luò)員,不過和巴內(nèi)特分屬不同部門。多年以后,他的生活重心轉(zhuǎn)向了黛安,但他在幫助黛安對抗致命疾病的同時,還要應(yīng)對作為吹哨人與波音斗爭的緊張局面。

吹哨人承受的巨大壓力

巴內(nèi)特的母親和哥哥說,2010年,巴內(nèi)特懷著殷切的希望以幽默樂觀的態(tài)度開始了他在北查爾斯頓的工作。就像他的鱷魚徽標(biāo)一樣,他個性張揚(yáng)、自由奔放。巴內(nèi)特的臉上留著海象式胡須和濃密的山羊胡子,棕色的頭發(fā)披散在肩上,他笑聲朗朗、童心未泯,深受家人喜愛。紀(jì)念墻上有一張照片,巴內(nèi)特在一個哥哥的游泳池里和兩個侄女玩耍、嬉鬧,兩個侄女緊緊抓住他的胳膊。他的胸部有什么紋身?除了鱷魚嘴,還能有什么。“他的侄女和侄子們叫他‘Funcle’,意思就是‘有趣的叔叔’,”他的母親說。在中產(chǎn)階級聚居的古斯克里克鎮(zhèn),他再次結(jié)識了很多朋友,這條街上都是上世紀(jì)80年代建造的老式單層房屋,一幢幢并排而建,看不到一個游泳池。

紀(jì)念墻上有一張巴內(nèi)特在查爾斯頓工作時期的照片,他穿著合身的尼龍T恤,戴著飛行員墨鏡,興高采烈地駕駛著一艘快艇。羅德尼回憶說,米切在駕船時展現(xiàn)的更多是熱情,而不是航海技術(shù)。羅德尼說:“我們駕駛快艇通過船閘,此時痛快之極,但之后我們就得劃著快艇回來。”當(dāng)他的弟弟在返回路易斯安那州之前賣掉那艘快艇時,羅德尼如釋重負(fù)。

巴內(nèi)特顯然希望北查爾斯頓的波音工廠能像他在艾弗雷特所珍視和尊敬的波音工廠一樣。當(dāng)時,該工廠剛剛竣工,是組裝787飛機(jī)的超級先進(jìn)的新工廠。羅德尼曾在空軍服役19年,是一名航空電子導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)專家,退役后在當(dāng)?shù)刂驹赶狸?duì)擔(dān)任副隊(duì)長,他說,“巴內(nèi)特剛得到這份工作時,他非常興奮,問我是否有興趣到北查爾斯頓工廠工作,并說這將是一份很棒的工作。我婉言謝絕了,但他很高興能去那里,成為新工廠的一員?!钡镁安婚L。維姬說,她和丈夫在古斯克里克也住了八個月,就是為了能離兒子近一點(diǎn)。她回憶說:“一兩年后,他的擔(dān)憂開始顯現(xiàn)出來。他回家時憂心忡忡。他不敢相信這里的企業(yè)文化竟然和西雅圖的差別如此之大。”羅德尼補(bǔ)充道,“他發(fā)現(xiàn)北查爾斯頓同事的工作和處事方式與西雅圖同事完全不同?!?/p>

回到家鄉(xiāng),仍與波音抗?fàn)?/p>

2017年初,巴內(nèi)特離開了波音,在這之前的幾年里,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多問題,從氧氣系統(tǒng)失靈導(dǎo)致飛機(jī)減壓時落下的氧氣面罩無法使用,到鋒利的鈦金屬碎片與電線混在一起,不一而足。就在離職前,他曾向職業(yè)安全與健康管理局(OSHA)投訴,這也是他現(xiàn)在提起的勞動訴訟的依據(jù),他聲稱他的上級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們對他提出的許多問題置之不理,并因他不斷提出亟待解決的合理安全問題而迫使他離職。

維姬女士說,巴內(nèi)特搬回亞歷山大是為了照顧我。她回憶說:“他本可以搬到他的三個哥哥附近,那里距亞歷山大只有一、兩小時的車程,但他擔(dān)心我的健康,回到了我的身邊?!钡荒旰?,巴內(nèi)特得知黛安?約翰遜被確診腦癌,很快就要住進(jìn)療養(yǎng)院。巴內(nèi)特就義無反顧地去照顧他的愛人;后來,黛安搬到了亞歷山大,他們結(jié)婚了。黛安身體尚可時,二人一起擺弄巴內(nèi)特的越野車,心情十分愉快。羅德尼說:“他舍棄了華盛頓的柏油馬路,選擇了路易斯安那州的泥土路?!奔o(jì)念墻上有一張照片,夫妻二人用扁平鋼板建造了一輛公路怪獸,形狀狹長,就像一個面包。最后,他們還在右儀表臺支架上安裝了一個鱷魚頭。

“他不說話時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他焦慮不安。在訴波音案件中,他既要查閱資料,又要提供證詞,他太累了,”維姬女士談到巴內(nèi)特時說?!八荒樸俱?,但他從不把這種壓力加在別人身上。”她還說,在家庭聚會上,特別是在侄女和侄子面前,他只表現(xiàn)出他開朗的一面。羅德尼提及一件重要的事,巴內(nèi)特的侄女卡特琳?吉萊斯皮也是一名越野賽車手,曾駕車撞上巴內(nèi)特的賽車,把鱷魚頭都撞歪了。羅德尼說:“自那以后,米切就不再坐在侄女的車?yán)镆黄鸨荣?。?/p>

對維姬女士來說,探望米切和黛安是一件愉快的事?!八詈笠淮沃酗L(fēng)時,他們相視而笑,好像有什么秘密一樣,”他的媽媽說?!叭ニ麄兗液荛_心?!彼J(rèn)為黛安的生命得以延長離不開她兒子的照顧。維姬女士說:“她剛被確診時,醫(yī)生說她還能活14個月,結(jié)果她活了將近五年。米切像照顧嬰兒一樣照顧她,每天喂她吃飯,陪她坐八個小時?!摈彀灿?022年感恩節(jié)前幾天去世。

巴內(nèi)特的家人成為新的原告

3月16日星期六,100多人參加了巴內(nèi)特的葬禮,他的前妻辛迪和他的兩個繼子、他的律師特克維茨及其妻子也在其中。在接下來的幾天里,律師們與維姬女士、羅德尼及其他家人一起討論他們是否愿意代替巴內(nèi)特繼續(xù)訴訟,他們很快就同意了。維姬?斯托克斯和羅德尼?巴內(nèi)特在接受我們采訪時堅(jiān)稱,他們的決定與金錢無關(guān)。羅德尼說:“我們提起訴訟是為了證明我弟弟的指控從一開始就是正確的。證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)將使我們?nèi)液退鶕?dān)心的所有人的航空旅行更加安全,并改變波音公司的企業(yè)文化?!北M管巴內(nèi)特的家人呼吁徹查巴內(nèi)特的死亡真相,但他們表示,他們沒有做任何事情來鼓動或散布謠言,說他死于謀殺。

這起訴訟案由來已久。這起案件是根據(jù)聯(lián)邦“AIR-21”法提起的,該法禁止雇主對吹哨人進(jìn)行報復(fù)。2020年底,職業(yè)安全與健康管理局做出了對波音有利的有效裁決,認(rèn)為“沒有合理的理由”認(rèn)為這家航空巨頭違反了該法。巴內(nèi)特的律師隨后遞交了一份經(jīng)過修改的訴狀,要求美國勞工部(U.S. Department of Labor)行政法法官辦公室舉行聽證會,當(dāng)前訴訟要求波音對巴內(nèi)特遭受的騷擾、工資損失和精神創(chuàng)傷進(jìn)行賠償。波音申請駁回此案。但在2022年年中,勞工部法官做出了對巴內(nèi)特有利的裁決,其中裁定:“我同意原告的主張,并認(rèn)定……訴狀充分指控了一種報復(fù)行為模式,致使原告處于敵意工作環(huán)境......并被[無端]解雇。”

3月20日,特克維茨和他的合作律師布萊恩?諾爾斯七年來首次公開了這份訴狀。這份訴狀長達(dá)32頁,列舉了鈦碎片、氧氣面罩、安裝缺陷部件等問題,以及其他一些涉嫌違反波音和聯(lián)邦航空管理局規(guī)定流程和程序的行為。這可以說是波音吹哨人對波音生產(chǎn)紕漏所作的最詳盡的目擊記錄。在巴內(nèi)特的律師公布這份訴狀后,波音發(fā)布了一份公告,重申了兩周前關(guān)于巴內(nèi)特死亡的聲明,稱“我們對巴內(nèi)特先生的去世感到悲痛,并向他的家人和朋友表示慰問,”并補(bǔ)充道“波音調(diào)查并解決了巴內(nèi)特先生在退休前提出的質(zhì)量問題,以及訴狀中提到的其他質(zhì)量問題?!?/p>

在巴內(nèi)特去世的前一天,他在查爾斯頓市中心波音出庭律師的豪華辦公室里提供了大約四個小時的證詞;當(dāng)時,波音的外聘律師也在場。巴內(nèi)特本想在當(dāng)晚離開查爾斯頓,以便在周日開車返回亞歷山大。但在周五晚些時候,他同意在周六完成作證。他說:“盡快了結(jié)此事吧。我已經(jīng)等了七年了?!?/p>

巴內(nèi)特早些時候曾告訴母親,他要出去兩天,周日回家;維姬女士回憶說,當(dāng)晚他還約了一位好友共進(jìn)晚餐?!八軗?dān)心自己的健康,他瘦了,他是我的寶貝,但他看上去不像是我的小兒子,他老了,”她告訴我。“但有一件事,他始終堅(jiān)信不疑。他告訴我:‘媽媽,我從來只說真話。他們永遠(yuǎn)抓不到我撒謊的證據(jù)?!彼诮邮蹸BC早間新聞(CBC Mornings)采訪時補(bǔ)充道:“如果這起案件不拖這么久,我的兒子還在,他的哥哥們的弟弟還在?!本S姬女士、羅德尼和他的家人正在推進(jìn)吹哨史上其中一次最轟動的戰(zhàn)斗,這表明他們對一個由單親媽媽和“警察教父”培養(yǎng)出來的誠實(shí)男人充滿信心,他的教父讓他走上了最正直誠實(shí)的道路,他的家人堅(jiān)信,他從未偏離這條道路。(財富中文網(wǎng))

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

In a soft Louisiana drawl, Vicky Stokes is talking about her son, the late John Barnett, recalling the toll that his relentless mission as a whistleblower—exposing what he branded as blatant quality-control breaches that he’d witnessed on the factory floor at Boeing—took on his life.

“He’d come home to Louisiana on a visit and I’d try to talk him into just letting go, to just go to work like everybody else,” relates Stokes, who’s 84 and in fragile health. “’I can’t do that,’ he’d say, ‘I have brothers and nieces and nephews who fly all the time, and I just couldn’t live with myself if anything happened to them or any member of the public flying on these planes.’ His whole fight was making sure things got done the way the procedures were set up, and that wasn’t happening. He just couldn’t stand by and let things go.”

Vicky Stokes is speaking to me by phone from the Charleston, S.C., office of lawyer Rob Turkewitz, alongside her eldest son, Rodney. Their conversation with Fortune marks the first time the family has spoken out in an in-depth interview to the press. (The family had their first TV interview on the CBS Evening News that aired on March 27.)

We’re talking exactly 14 days after Barnett, 62, was found dead in the parking lot of a Holiday Inn just across the Ashley River from downtown Charleston, behind the wheel of his Clemson orange Dodge Ram truck, his hand holding a silver pistol. Four days later, the Charleston County Coroner ruled the cause of death an “apparent self-inflicted wound” and disclosed that a “white piece of paper resembling a note” lay in plain view on the passenger seat. (Its contents haven’t been publicly disclosed.)

Now, the lady known to all and sundry as “Miss Vicky” and Barnett’s three surviving brothers want to make sure that the message doesn’t die with the messenger. And for good reason. As a “quality manager” from 2010 to 2017 at the North Charleston plant that assembles the 787 Dreamliner, Barnett had identified what he viewed as a failure to follow processes and processes required by Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing’s own rules, only to see his complaints ignored or dismissed by his managers.

The warnings that Barnett claimed riled Boeing to retaliate against him, and that so worried his mom, have proven shockingly prescient. The drumbeat of airborne cataclysms started with the failure of a new flight control software system on 737 Max airliners that caused the Lion Air and Indonesian Airlines crashes, in 2018 and 2019 respectively, tragedies that together claimed 346 lives.

Then this year, in early January, the blowout of a main cabin door plug on an Alaska Airlines flight, 16,000 feet over Portland, Ore., shortly after takeoff, sounded a boom heard round the world. The mishap once again demonstrated just how deep-seated the types of quality-control gaps that Barnett flagged at North Charleston really were. During his final media interview, with TMZ in late January, six weeks before his death, Barnett concluded, “This is not a 737 problem, this is a Boeing problem. What we’ve seen with the door plug is what I’ve seen with the rest of the plane in terms of jobs not being completed properly, inspection steps removed, and issues being ignored.”

Now Barnett’s grieving family is writing the next chapter in the battle waged by the Louisiana maverick who’s arguably the most famous and credible whistleblower to challenge this fabled manufacturer. His mother and brothers are pressing forward on Barnett’s long-standing lawsuit versus Boeing. They are working on replacing Barnett as plaintiffs in the action, which claims damages for illegally retaliating against Barnett by subjecting Barnett to harassment on the job, blocking him from transferring to other positions at Boeing for which he was well qualified, and depriving the 32-year Boeing veteran of future income by forcing his departure a decade before he planned to retire.

Boeing has denied that it harassed or retaliated against Barnett, and in 2021, issued the following statement: “Boeing has in no way negatively impacted Mr. Barnett’s ability to continue whatever chosen profession he chooses.”

The lawsuit’s significance isn’t measured by the amount of money Boeing might pay. Its power rests in the lengthy, extremely specific account, some of which is being made public for the first time, of alleged safety violations at the North Charleston factory, and managers’ failures to address them and instead punish the safety hawks who pointed to the problems. The Barnett complaint may serve as a primer of all the things Boeing was doing wrong and the reforms it sorely needs to get its wings level and end one of the most chaotic descents in modern corporate history.

In the Fortune interview, Vicky Stokes and Rodney Barnett chronicled in telling detail the life journey of their beloved son and brother, as John Barnett went from loving the culture at Boeing to fearing that its wrong turn would trigger midair catastrophes; and from a happy-go-lucky soul to a lone crusader who, despite his mom’s advice, couldn’t stop battering against a seeming high wall of resistance. Most of all, his mom and brother stress that though the “I just can’t stop” quest trapped Barnett in anxiety and, it appears, finally broke his spirit, he never harbored the slightest doubt that he should stop moving forward. And now his family is taking the baton.

A funny, high-spirited kid

Barnett’s mother relates that John was born in Dunsmuir, Calif., a trout fishing and white-water-rafting hub near the Oregon border, nestled among forested mountain ridges at the foot of the snowcapped Mt. Shasta volcano. John’s father was a rail worker. In 1964, when John was 2 years old, his mom and dad separated, and Vicky rejoined her family in her hometown of Alexandria, La., a city of around 45,000 in the center of the Pelican State—a two-hour drive northwest of Baton Rouge and a two-hour drive southeast of Shreveport, originally a trading center built on territory sold from France to America in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Flanking the Red River and served by an interstate highway and the Union Pacific Railroad, Alexandria boasts a strong manufacturing base powered by such employers as Procter & Gamble, BASF, and Union Tank Car. Residents unwind at its famed, raucous take on Mardi Gras and annual Elvis festival, and relish dirt-track and dragon boat racing.

John Barnett—called “Mitch” by friends and family after his middle name, Mitchell—was the youngest of four boys. Vicky Stokes nurtured the family mainly as a single mom, working as a certified nurse assistant at a local residential training school. “I raised all my boys to work as kids,” says Stokes. “It was a family effort.” Her older sons shouldered such tasks as bagging groceries at a Piggly Wiggly and pumping gas. “As the eldest,” recalls Rodney, who’s six years John’s senior, “I got the chores done and cooked dinner and kept the other boys in line, which was an ongoing project. But for all of us, working after-school and weekend jobs, and our mom’s example, taught us character and perseverance, and to be honest and own up when we made a mistake.” He notes that, “as the youngest, Mitch didn’t work much. He was funny, free-spirited, and a bit spoiled by mom and his older brothers. But he learned those good qualities too.”

Barnett attended Bolton High School in Alexandria, where just over 100 students typically graduate each year. “He had a best friend named Buster; they were so close,” recalls Vicky, who remarried in 1977 when Barnett was in high school. “Buster’s father was a policeman who kind of adopted Mitch and kept him out of trouble.”

Upon graduation, Barnett joined the Air Force, hoping to work in the military as a technician maintaining microwave towers. But after the enlistee finished eight months of basic training at the Lackland base in San Antonio, the Air Force didn’t have any training slots for new applicants. “My husband had a job in Palmdale, Calif., working on the Space Shuttle for Rockwell International,” says Barnett’s mom. “Mitch joined him at Palmdale on the project.” The Rockwell plant in Palmdale was the facility where all the parts for the shuttle flowed for final assembly. After work on the Atlantis, the fourth edition, was completed in 1985, a number of the Rockwell employees from Palmdale moved 1,100 miles north to the Seattle area for jobs at Boeing. Among that group was John Barnett.

Barnett’s great respect for Boeing while at Everett

Barnett spent 25 years at Boeing’s famed Everett complex near Seattle, a period when the facility assembled three groundbreaking jet models: the 747, 767, and 777. According to Rodney and his mother, “Mitch” had great respect for Boeing’s quality safeguards and brilliant engineering, as he expressed in a 2019 interview with Corporate Crime Reporter. “When I worked on the 747, 767, and 777, the people fully understood what it took to build a safe and airworthy aircraft,” Barnett observed.

“While in Everett, he loved Boeing and loved his crew,” says Vicky Stokes. “He was always giving parties for his coworkers. He’d take Mardi Gras beads and cake to work during Mardi Gras. He was proud of his Louisiana heritage.” On the Tribute Wall honoring Barnett, posted on the funeral home website at the Hixson Bros. funeral home in Alexandria, a coworker from that era recounted that once when she and Barnett were leaving the plant, she mentioned she’d had a flat tire, and “instead of just saying to call AAA,” the gallant Barnett “took off his dress shirt” and “fixed it in less than 10 minutes.”

Barnett lived on Camano Island in the Puget Sound, a haven of bike trails and rocky beaches more than a one-hour commute from Everett. His big hobby: stock car racing at the Evergreen Speedway. Barnett relaxed by souping up his “bump to pass” race cars. A photo on the Tribute Wall shows the road warrior posing proudly before a lime green model, helmet tucked under his arm. For a racing trademark-slash-mascot, Barnett adopted the king of the bayou, the alligator. “We went up a lot to watch him race,” says Miss Vicky. “His car had a big green alligator painted on the front of it, and he’d hand out little green plastic alligators to the kids. He even had a real alligator head wired behind the car’s right windshield, and he had alligator heads all over his house as souvenirs. He won rookie of the year and all kinds of trophies. They’re still boxed up in Alexandria.”

Barnett even commissioned an oval logo showing a giant alligator’s open jaws poised to devour his hot rod, adorned by his self-chosen racing moniker, Swamp Dawg. Indeed, most friends, from his lawyers to his buddies at that track, knew Barnett as “Swampy.”

While at Everett, Barnett married his fellow Boeing employee Cindy Swafford, who had two sons from a previous marriage. They divorced after the boys finished high school, but he remained close to both Cindy and his stepsons. In his later years at Everett, Barnett spent nearly all of his time off the job with Diane Johnson, who worked at Boeing, ironically enough, as a liaison with the FAA, though in a different department from Barnett. Years later, his life would revolve around Diane as he dealt with both her fatal illness and the tensions of battling Boeing as a whistleblower.

The whistleblower’s wages of stress

Barnett began his North Charleston stint in 2010 with high hopes and typical good humor, say his mom and brother. Swampy cut the same jumbo-jet wide, flamboyant swath that was as much his brand as the alligator icon. His face framed by an adjoining walrus mustache and bushy goatee, brown hair falling to his shoulders, Barnett won his family’s adoration for his boisterous, infectious laugh, and kid-like sense of fun. A photo on the Tribute Wall shows Barnett frolicking in a brother’s pool, a brace of nieces clutching each arm. Decorating his upper chest? What else but an alligator jaws tattoo. “His nieces and nephews called him ‘Funcle,’ for “fun uncle,’” says his mother. He once again made loads of friends in the middle class town of Goose Creek, on a street of 1980s vintage, cheek-by-jowl single-story houses, not a swimming pool in sight.

A shot on the Tribute Wall from the Charleston years captures Barnett joyfully piloting a speedboat in a form-fitting nylon tee-shirt and aviator shades. Rodney recalls that Mitch showed more zeal than seamanship at the helm. “We’d take the speedboat through the locks on the river, that part was ok, but then we’d have to row it back in,” says Rodney, who expressed relief when his brother sold the vessel before returning to Louisiana.

Barnett apparently expected to find the same Boeing in North Charleston that he’d come to cherish and respect in Everett. The plant had just been completed as a super-advanced new facility for assembling the 787. “When he first got the job, he was all excited, and asked me if I’d be interested in working at the North Charleston plant, and said it would be a great job,” says Rodney, who spent 19 years in the Air Force as an avionics navigations systems specialist, and in retirement, serves as assistant chief for his local volunteer fire department. “I declined, but he was excited at being there, and being part of something new.” The optimism was short-lived. Vicky relates that she and her husband also lived in Goose Creek for eight months, just so she could be close to her son. “It was after the first year or two, and his concerns started to show,” she recounts. “He’d come home worried. He couldn’t believe the difference in culture between here and Seattle.” Adds Rodney, “He saw a big change in the way people conducted themselves, and conversed with him.”

Returning home, still battling Boeing

In early 2017, Barnett left Boeing following years in which he’d spotted multiple gaffes, ranging from misfiring oxygen tanks that rendered the safety masks that fall from the plane’s ceiling unusable in cases of decompression, to sharp titanium shards that that mixed with electrical wiring. Just before leaving, he filed a complaint with OSHA that’s now the basis of his labor lawsuit, claiming that his managers ignored many of his findings, and forced him out for constantly raising legitimate safety issues demanding immediate attention.

Motivating his move back to Alexandria was a desire to care for his mom, says Miss Vicky. “He could have moved near the three other boys, who are an hour to over two hours from Alexandria, but came here for me because he was worried about my health,” she remembers. But a year later, Barnett learned that Diane Johnson, who’d been diagnosed with brain cancer, would soon enter a nursing home. Barnett stepped forward to became his beloved companion’s caregiver; Diane moved to Alexandria and they married. While Diane was still active, the couple had a ball donning overalls and building and fiddling with off-road vehicles that Barnett raced on dirt tracks. “He traded asphalt in Washington for dirt in Louisiana,” notes Rodney. The couple constructed a road-going monstrosity pictured on the Tribute Wall from flat steel panels, in a narrow shape resembling a loaf. In a final flourish, they attached an alligator’s head to the right dashboard shelf.

“You could see in his quiet moments that he was suffering from high anxiety. He had a big load on him having to look over documents and give depositions in the Boeing case, that weighs on you,” Miss Vicky says of Barnett. “You could see the strain on his face. But he’d never load it on anyone else.” She adds that he showed only his bright side at family get-togethers, and especially to his nieces and nephews. Rodney revives the pivotal moment when his niece and rival off-road racer Katelyn Gillespie smashed into her uncle’s rig, knocking the alligator head askew. Says Rodney, “That was when Mitch gave up racing work on his niece’s car.”

For Miss Vicky, visiting Mitch and Diane was an uplifting experience. “Until she had her last stroke, they’d look at each other and laugh like they had a secret,” says his mom. “You couldn’t get depressed going to their house.” She credits her son’s devotion to prolonging Diane’s life. “They gave her 14 months to live when she was first diagnosed, and she lived almost five years,” says Miss Vicky. “Mitch took care of her like a baby, feeding her and sitting with her eight hours a day.” Diane died a few days before Thanksgiving in 2022.

Barnett’s family as new plaintiffs

For the funeral attended by over 100 people on Saturday, March 16, Barnett’s ex-wife Cindy attended with his two stepsons, and as did his lawyer Turkewitz and his wife. In the following days, the attorneys huddled with Rodney, Miss Vicky and other family members to explore if they wanted to substitute his seat for Barnett and continue the litigation, and they quickly agreed to do so. Vicky Stokes and Rodney Barnett insisted in our interview that their decision isn’t about money. “We’re bringing the case to show that my brother was right-on with his allegations from the start,” says Rodney. “Showing that will make air travel safer for our family and all the people he was worried about, and change Boeing’s culture.” The family members, though they’ve called for a thorough investigation of the tragedy, say they have done nothing to encourage or spread rumors that foul play caused his death.

The legal case has had a long back-and-forth history. It was filed under the federal “AIR-21” law that prohibits employers from retaliating against whistleblowers. In late 2020, OSHA effectively ruled in Boeing’s favor, finding “no reasonable cause” to believe that the aerospace giant had violated the act. Barnett’s lawyers then issued an amended complaint requesting a hearing from the Office of Administrative Law Judges at the U.S. Department of Labor, the current action seeking damages for harassment, lost pay, and emotional distress. Boeing filed a motion to dismiss the case. But in mid-2022, the Dept. of Labor Judge found in Barnett’s favor, writing that “I agree with the Complainant that and conclude that… the complaint adequately alleges a pattern of retaliatory conduct that rises to the level of a hostile work environment…and [unmerited] discharge.”

On March 20, Turkewitz and his co-counsel Brian Knowles made the complaint public for the first time in seven years. The 32-page document cites the titanium shards, oxygen mask problems, the installation of defective parts, and several other alleged violations of Boeing and FAA processes and procedures. It may be the most thorough eyewitness account of production lapses ever presented by a Boeing whistleblower. After Barnett’s attorneys released the complaint, Boeing issued a release that reprised its statement on his death two weeks earlier, saying that “We are saddened by Mr. Barnett’s passing, and our thoughts are with his family and friends,” and adding that “Boeing reviewed and addressed quality issues that Mr. Barnett raised before he retired, as well as other quality issues referred to in the complaint.”

The day before Barnett died, he delivered roughly four hours of testimony in the opulent downtown Charleston offices of Boeing’s trial lawyer; its outside counsel was also present. Barnett had wanted to leave Charleston that evening so that he could drive back to Alexandria by Sunday. But late on Friday, he agreed to finish his testimony on Saturday. “Let’s just get it done,” he’d declared. “I’ve already been waiting for seven years.”

Barnett had earlier told his mother that he’d make the two-day trip and be home by Sunday; Miss Vicky recalls that he also had an appointment for dinner with a close friend that evening. “He was worried about his health, he’d lost weight, he was my baby, but he looked older than my youngest son,” she told me. “But one thing didn’t stress him out. He told me, ‘Momma, I’ve never said anything but the truth. They’ll never catch me in a lie.’” She added on CBC Mornings, “If it hadn’t gone on so long, I’d still have my son, and his brothers would have their brother.” That Miss Vicky, Rodney and his family are pushing forward in one of the most dramatic campaigns in the annals of whistleblowing testifies to their confidence in a man drilled in honesty by a single-working mom, and a “cop-godfather” who started him on the straightest of paths, one that his family’s convinced, he never ceased to follow.

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