在經(jīng)受了連續(xù)好幾年的物價(jià)上漲后,美國(guó)人民終于可以暫時(shí)松一口氣了。根據(jù)美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局上周四發(fā)布的CPI報(bào)告,今年6月份,美國(guó)通脹率較上月下降了0.1%,甚至還要優(yōu)于分析師們普遍預(yù)測(cè)的正增長(zhǎng)0.1%。和去年同期相比,消費(fèi)價(jià)格也僅上漲了2.97%,是三年多以來漲幅最小的一次。
針對(duì)美國(guó)6月份的CPI數(shù)據(jù),GW&K投資管理公司的全球策略師比爾·斯特林認(rèn)為:“人們普遍預(yù)期這將是一份樂觀的報(bào)告。不過正如你所看到的那樣,它甚至還要好于預(yù)期?!?/p>
6月份美國(guó)CPI下降的主要因素是汽油價(jià)格下跌3.8%。但與此同時(shí),美國(guó)的核心通脹率(即不包括價(jià)格波動(dòng)較大的食品和能源價(jià)格)也低于預(yù)期。由于房?jī)r(jià)漲幅放緩,6月份美國(guó)的核心通脹率僅環(huán)比上漲0.06%,較去年同期上漲約3.3%,也創(chuàng)下了近三年來的新低。
近年來,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)一直在使用高利率政策對(duì)抗通脹。長(zhǎng)期以來,專業(yè)投資者們也一直認(rèn)為,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的加息戰(zhàn)術(shù)一定能把通脹率打下來,結(jié)果卻是一次又一次被打臉。但這一次,許多專家堅(jiān)信,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)終于將通脹控制住了,而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的降息令也不遠(yuǎn)了。
“總而言之,從美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的角度來看,這是一份非常鼓舞人心的報(bào)告。市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在非常確信,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)有可能將在9月份啟動(dòng)降息?!彼固亓终f。
為什么說美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將降息
6月份的CPI報(bào)告公布后,整個(gè)華爾街都彌漫著樂觀的情緒?;ㄆ煦y行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家維羅妮卡·克拉克指出,市場(chǎng)對(duì)6月份的通脹預(yù)期已經(jīng)放得很低了,但是實(shí)際通脹率卻還要低于預(yù)期,這表明今年一季度的高通脹很可能是一種“反?,F(xiàn)象”??死嗽诿恐芩膶懡o客戶的一份報(bào)告中指出,隨著房?jī)r(jià)漲幅逐漸回落,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)應(yīng)該有可能在9月底前啟動(dòng)降息。
多年來,房?jī)r(jià)上漲一直是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾的一塊心病。不過包括沃頓商學(xué)院的杰里米·西格爾在內(nèi)的很多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)為,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的衡量指標(biāo)是有一定滯后性的,現(xiàn)實(shí)是美國(guó)的房?jī)r(jià)和租金增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)在降溫了。
Bancreek資本顧問公司的首席分析官埃里克·帕切曼認(rèn)為,目前,這些滯后的衡量指標(biāo)與當(dāng)前房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)趨于一致。這一點(diǎn)是至關(guān)重要的,因?yàn)閮H房?jī)r(jià)的漲幅就占到了CPI指數(shù)的三分之一?!拔覀兘K于有了至少一個(gè)可以作為錨點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)??赡芪沂沁^度反應(yīng)了,不過我仍然非常興奮?!?/p>
UBS全球財(cái)富管理公司美國(guó)高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家布萊恩·羅斯也認(rèn)同克拉克和帕切曼的樂觀看法。他表示,最近失業(yè)率數(shù)據(jù)的上升,也有助于促使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員轉(zhuǎn)向鴿派。他通過電子郵件告訴《財(cái)富》:“隨著通脹和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)雙雙放緩,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)降息的大門似乎已經(jīng)敞開了?!?/p>
芝加哥商品交易所的“美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)觀察”工具顯示,從美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)基金的期貨合約看(從中可以觀察債市投資者預(yù)期),在6月份的CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在7月份啟動(dòng)降息的可能性有所上升,但仍低于 10%。然而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在9月降息的可能性,已從上月CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后的大約50%,飆升至上周四的98%。而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)到12月份前至少降息一次的幾率已經(jīng)無比接近100%。
股市為何下跌?
一般情況下,降息是股市的凈利好因素。降息意味著借貸成本降低,企業(yè)可以更容易地拿到融資,用于企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。在上周四的CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后,雖然市場(chǎng)預(yù)期降息基本已成定局,但美國(guó)三大股指卻有兩個(gè)出現(xiàn)了下跌。
首先是藍(lán)籌股標(biāo)普500指數(shù)下跌0.88%,而科技股重鎮(zhèn)納斯達(dá)克指數(shù)則大跌約1.95%。不過有意思的是,標(biāo)普500的等權(quán)重指數(shù)(即不采用市值加權(quán)指數(shù))實(shí)際上上漲超1.21%。
“是股市下跌了嗎?還是我們這次處在一個(gè)最極端的大輪轉(zhuǎn)里?”在談到這些數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),Bancreek資本顧問公司的帕切曼問道。
他指出,現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是,上周四多數(shù)股票都沒有下跌。不過在過去兩年里讓投資者最為瘋狂的大型科技股和與人工智能概念股確實(shí)有所下跌。不過這并非大盤全面下行,而是投資者轉(zhuǎn)向了更注重價(jià)值的股票——這也是大勢(shì)所趨。
比如近年來,大型科技股的股價(jià)一路飚升,成為市場(chǎng)集中度最高的板塊之一。上周四,大型科技股出現(xiàn)大幅下跌,英偉達(dá)下跌5.6%,蘋果下跌2.3%,微軟下跌2.5%,特斯拉下跌8.4%。
帕克曼并不是唯一一個(gè)認(rèn)為投資者正在轉(zhuǎn)換目標(biāo)的人。亞登尼研究公司(Yardeni Research)的首席投資官埃里克·沃勒斯坦上周四也在X上發(fā)帖稱,他認(rèn)為“大輪轉(zhuǎn)”有可能正在發(fā)生。他還指出,上周四,很多投資者從增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)向型的大盤股,轉(zhuǎn)向了價(jià)值導(dǎo)向型的中小盤股。
這并非完全是不合邏輯的,因?yàn)闃?biāo)普600小型股指數(shù)的遠(yuǎn)期市盈率僅為13.9倍,而大型股標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的遠(yuǎn)期市盈率超過21倍。而且小盤股的平均負(fù)債率遠(yuǎn)高于大盤股,它們也比大盤股更容易受高利率的影響。但現(xiàn)在這種情況可能正在改變。
小盤股的估值不到8大市值公司的一半。所以稍作輪動(dòng)是有道理的。https://t.co/HHHMkqPYI9 pic.twitter.com/6MUVITwQB2
——埃里克·沃勒斯坦 (@ericwallerstein) ,2024年7月11日
關(guān)于股價(jià)下跌(特別是大型科技股和增長(zhǎng)型股票),第二個(gè)可能的解釋是,市場(chǎng)一直拉今年對(duì)降息的預(yù)期。即使在上周四的下跌以后,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)今年仍上漲約 17%,納斯達(dá)克綜指更是借人工智能熱潮飆升了約 23%。
GW&K投資公司的斯特林表示:“股市已經(jīng)持續(xù)上漲了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,所以我可以說,好消息已經(jīng)被炒作了很久了。”
斯特林認(rèn)為,通脹下降未必是一件令人意外的事,尤其是很多價(jià)格上漲很快的商品類別已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了大幅降價(jià)。因此,很多投資者在對(duì)股票進(jìn)行估值時(shí),可能已經(jīng)把降息因素考慮了進(jìn)去。以木材為例,木材期貨價(jià)格較2021年的峰值已經(jīng)下跌了75%以上。再比如二手車的全國(guó)平均價(jià)格也從2022年峰值的30000多美元跌至25328美元。
總而言之,也許上周四,股民們只是再次遵循了華爾街給新手投資者的一句經(jīng)典建議:“謠言時(shí)買入,證實(shí)時(shí)賣出?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
在經(jīng)受了連續(xù)好幾年的物價(jià)上漲后,美國(guó)人民終于可以暫時(shí)松一口氣了。根據(jù)美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局上周四發(fā)布的CPI報(bào)告,今年6月份,美國(guó)通脹率較上月下降了0.1%,甚至還要優(yōu)于分析師們普遍預(yù)測(cè)的正增長(zhǎng)0.1%。和去年同期相比,消費(fèi)價(jià)格也僅上漲了2.97%,是三年多以來漲幅最小的一次。
針對(duì)美國(guó)6月份的CPI數(shù)據(jù),GW&K投資管理公司的全球策略師比爾·斯特林認(rèn)為:“人們普遍預(yù)期這將是一份樂觀的報(bào)告。不過正如你所看到的那樣,它甚至還要好于預(yù)期?!?/p>
6月份美國(guó)CPI下降的主要因素是汽油價(jià)格下跌3.8%。但與此同時(shí),美國(guó)的核心通脹率(即不包括價(jià)格波動(dòng)較大的食品和能源價(jià)格)也低于預(yù)期。由于房?jī)r(jià)漲幅放緩,6月份美國(guó)的核心通脹率僅環(huán)比上漲0.06%,較去年同期上漲約3.3%,也創(chuàng)下了近三年來的新低。
近年來,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)一直在使用高利率政策對(duì)抗通脹。長(zhǎng)期以來,專業(yè)投資者們也一直認(rèn)為,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的加息戰(zhàn)術(shù)一定能把通脹率打下來,結(jié)果卻是一次又一次被打臉。但這一次,許多專家堅(jiān)信,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)終于將通脹控制住了,而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的降息令也不遠(yuǎn)了。
“總而言之,從美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的角度來看,這是一份非常鼓舞人心的報(bào)告。市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在非常確信,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)有可能將在9月份啟動(dòng)降息?!彼固亓终f。
為什么說美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將降息
6月份的CPI報(bào)告公布后,整個(gè)華爾街都彌漫著樂觀的情緒?;ㄆ煦y行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家維羅妮卡·克拉克指出,市場(chǎng)對(duì)6月份的通脹預(yù)期已經(jīng)放得很低了,但是實(shí)際通脹率卻還要低于預(yù)期,這表明今年一季度的高通脹很可能是一種“反?,F(xiàn)象”??死嗽诿恐芩膶懡o客戶的一份報(bào)告中指出,隨著房?jī)r(jià)漲幅逐漸回落,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)應(yīng)該有可能在9月底前啟動(dòng)降息。
多年來,房?jī)r(jià)上漲一直是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾的一塊心病。不過包括沃頓商學(xué)院的杰里米·西格爾在內(nèi)的很多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都認(rèn)為,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的衡量指標(biāo)是有一定滯后性的,現(xiàn)實(shí)是美國(guó)的房?jī)r(jià)和租金增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)在降溫了。
Bancreek資本顧問公司的首席分析官埃里克·帕切曼認(rèn)為,目前,這些滯后的衡量指標(biāo)與當(dāng)前房?jī)r(jià)已經(jīng)趨于一致。這一點(diǎn)是至關(guān)重要的,因?yàn)閮H房?jī)r(jià)的漲幅就占到了CPI指數(shù)的三分之一。“我們終于有了至少一個(gè)可以作為錨點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。可能我是過度反應(yīng)了,不過我仍然非常興奮?!?/p>
UBS全球財(cái)富管理公司美國(guó)高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家布萊恩·羅斯也認(rèn)同克拉克和帕切曼的樂觀看法。他表示,最近失業(yè)率數(shù)據(jù)的上升,也有助于促使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員轉(zhuǎn)向鴿派。他通過電子郵件告訴《財(cái)富》:“隨著通脹和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)雙雙放緩,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)降息的大門似乎已經(jīng)敞開了?!?/p>
芝加哥商品交易所的“美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)觀察”工具顯示,從美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)基金的期貨合約看(從中可以觀察債市投資者預(yù)期),在6月份的CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后,美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在7月份啟動(dòng)降息的可能性有所上升,但仍低于 10%。然而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)在9月降息的可能性,已從上月CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后的大約50%,飆升至上周四的98%。而美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)到12月份前至少降息一次的幾率已經(jīng)無比接近100%。
股市為何下跌?
一般情況下,降息是股市的凈利好因素。降息意味著借貸成本降低,企業(yè)可以更容易地拿到融資,用于企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。在上周四的CPI報(bào)告發(fā)布后,雖然市場(chǎng)預(yù)期降息基本已成定局,但美國(guó)三大股指卻有兩個(gè)出現(xiàn)了下跌。
首先是藍(lán)籌股標(biāo)普500指數(shù)下跌0.88%,而科技股重鎮(zhèn)納斯達(dá)克指數(shù)則大跌約1.95%。不過有意思的是,標(biāo)普500的等權(quán)重指數(shù)(即不采用市值加權(quán)指數(shù))實(shí)際上上漲超1.21%。
“是股市下跌了嗎?還是我們這次處在一個(gè)最極端的大輪轉(zhuǎn)里?”在談到這些數(shù)據(jù)時(shí),Bancreek資本顧問公司的帕切曼問道。
他指出,現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是,上周四多數(shù)股票都沒有下跌。不過在過去兩年里讓投資者最為瘋狂的大型科技股和與人工智能概念股確實(shí)有所下跌。不過這并非大盤全面下行,而是投資者轉(zhuǎn)向了更注重價(jià)值的股票——這也是大勢(shì)所趨。
比如近年來,大型科技股的股價(jià)一路飚升,成為市場(chǎng)集中度最高的板塊之一。上周四,大型科技股出現(xiàn)大幅下跌,英偉達(dá)下跌5.6%,蘋果下跌2.3%,微軟下跌2.5%,特斯拉下跌8.4%。
帕克曼并不是唯一一個(gè)認(rèn)為投資者正在轉(zhuǎn)換目標(biāo)的人。亞登尼研究公司(Yardeni Research)的首席投資官埃里克·沃勒斯坦上周四也在X上發(fā)帖稱,他認(rèn)為“大輪轉(zhuǎn)”有可能正在發(fā)生。他還指出,上周四,很多投資者從增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)向型的大盤股,轉(zhuǎn)向了價(jià)值導(dǎo)向型的中小盤股。
這并非完全是不合邏輯的,因?yàn)闃?biāo)普600小型股指數(shù)的遠(yuǎn)期市盈率僅為13.9倍,而大型股標(biāo)普500指數(shù)的遠(yuǎn)期市盈率超過21倍。而且小盤股的平均負(fù)債率遠(yuǎn)高于大盤股,它們也比大盤股更容易受高利率的影響。但現(xiàn)在這種情況可能正在改變。
小盤股的估值不到8大市值公司的一半。所以稍作輪動(dòng)是有道理的。https://t.co/HHHMkqPYI9 pic.twitter.com/6MUVITwQB2
——埃里克·沃勒斯坦 (@ericwallerstein) ,2024年7月11日
關(guān)于股價(jià)下跌(特別是大型科技股和增長(zhǎng)型股票),第二個(gè)可能的解釋是,市場(chǎng)一直拉今年對(duì)降息的預(yù)期。即使在上周四的下跌以后,標(biāo)普500指數(shù)今年仍上漲約 17%,納斯達(dá)克綜指更是借人工智能熱潮飆升了約 23%。
GW&K投資公司的斯特林表示:“股市已經(jīng)持續(xù)上漲了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,所以我可以說,好消息已經(jīng)被炒作了很久了?!?/p>
斯特林認(rèn)為,通脹下降未必是一件令人意外的事,尤其是很多價(jià)格上漲很快的商品類別已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了大幅降價(jià)。因此,很多投資者在對(duì)股票進(jìn)行估值時(shí),可能已經(jīng)把降息因素考慮了進(jìn)去。以木材為例,木材期貨價(jià)格較2021年的峰值已經(jīng)下跌了75%以上。再比如二手車的全國(guó)平均價(jià)格也從2022年峰值的30000多美元跌至25328美元。
總而言之,也許上周四,股民們只是再次遵循了華爾街給新手投資者的一句經(jīng)典建議:“謠言時(shí)買入,證實(shí)時(shí)賣出。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:樸成奎
After years of struggling with the rising cost of living, Americans are finally getting some minor relief. U.S. inflation fell 0.1% month-over-month in June, beating analysts’ consensus forecast for an 0.1% rise, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Thursday. On an annual basis, consumer prices also rose just 2.97%—the smallest jump in over three years.
“Expectations were that this was going to be a good report. But as you can see, it was better than expected,” Bill Sterling, global strategist at GW&K Investment Management, told Fortune of the consumer price index (CPI) data.
A 3.8% dip in gasoline prices was responsible for much of the drop in inflation during June, but core inflation, which excludes more volatile food and energy prices, also came in cooler than anticipated. Slowing shelter price increases led core inflation to rise just 0.06% month-over-month, and roughly 3.3% from a year ago—another three-year low.
After years of the Federal Reserve fighting inflation with relatively high interest rates, professional investors have long been predicting the central bank would win in its battle against rising prices, only to be disappointed time and again. But this time, many experts are convinced that the Fed has finally tamed inflation, and interest rate cuts are on the way.
“All in all, it was a very encouraging report from the point of view of the Fed. And markets are pretty convinced now that this tees up a Fed rate cut in September,” Sterling said.
Why you should expect rate cuts
The optimistic outlook after the CPI report was evident across Wall Street. Citi economist Veronica Clark noted that inflation came in “below already soft expectations” in June, signaling the hotter-than-expected inflation seen in the first quarter was likely “an aberration.” Now, particularly with shelter inflation fading, the Fed should have the green light to cut rates by September, Clark argued in a Thursday note to clients.
Shelter inflation has been a thorn in the side of Fed chair Jerome Powell for years, but throughout that period, a number of analysts and economists including Wharton’s Jeremy Siegel have noted that the Fed’s measurements tend to lag the reality on the ground, where home and rent price growth has cooled.
Eric Pachman, chief analytics officer at Bancreek Capital Advisors, believes we’re now finally seeing evidence that the lagging shelter metric is moving more in line with current prices. That’s critical because shelter inflation alone accounts for roughly one-third of the consumer price index. “We finally have at least one data point to hang our hat on. So, maybe I'm overreacting, but I'm pretty excited,” he said of the shelter inflation data.
Brian Rose, senior U.S. economist at UBS Global Wealth Management, echoed Clark and Pachman’s optimistic comments, while adding that the recent rise in the unemployment rate could also provide more ammunition for Fed officials to turn dovish. “With both inflation and the labor market softening, the door now appears wide open for the Fed to begin cutting rates,” he told Fortune via email.
The probability of a July interest rate cut based on Fed funds futures contracts—which provide insight into bond market investors’ expectations—rose after the CPI report, but remains under 10%, according to CME’s FedWatch tool. However, the odds of a September cut have soared from roughly 50% after last month’s CPI report to 98% on Thursday. And by December, the odds of at least one rate cut are sitting at nearly 100%.
Why are stocks down?
Typically, interest rate cuts are seen as a net positive for stocks. Lower rates signal lower borrowing costs, which means more money for companies to invest in their growth. But after the cool CPI report Thursday, which signaled rate cuts are more likely than ever, two out of three major indices fell.
The blue chip S&P 500 sank 0.88%, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq plummeted roughly 1.95%. But interestingly, an equal-weighted version of the S&P 500—one that doesn’t bias exposure to companies based on their market cap—actually rose more than 1.21%.
“Is the market down? Or is this the most extreme rotation that we've ever seen out of everything that people have been hiding in?” Bancreek Capital Advisors’s Pachman asked when faced with this data.
The reality is, most stocks didn’t fall on Thursday, he noted, but the big tech and AI-linked stocks that have made investors euphoric over the past two years sure did. This is not a broad-based stock market drop for now, it’s an investor rotation into more value-focused offerings—one that’s long been predicted.
To that point, shares of big tech leaders, which have soared in recent years leading to one of the most concentrated markets in history, fell sharply on Thursday. Nvidia was down 5.6%, while Apple sank 2.3%, Microsoft fell 2.5%, and Tesla dropped 8.4%.
Pachman wasn’t alone in his investor rotation diagnosis. Eric Wallerstein, chief investment officer at Yardeni Research, said that he believes “the great rotation” may be underway in a post on X (formerly Twitter) Thursday. Wallerstein noted that investors shifted away from growth-focused large caps and into mostly value-oriented small- and mid-caps en masse on Thursday.
That’s not entirely illogical, given that the S&P 600 small cap index is trading at just 13.9 times forward earnings, while the large cap S&P 500 index is trading at over 21 times forward earnings. Small caps, which have far more debt on average than their large cap peers, have suffered under a higher-rate regime, but that could be changing.
small caps were trading at less than half the valuation of the mega-cap 8. A little rotation makes sense. https://t.co/HHHMkqPYI9 pic.twitter.com/6MUVITwQB2
— Eric Wallerstein (@ericwallerstein) July 11, 2024
The second possible explanation for the pain in stocks after the bullish CPI report, particularly big tech and growth stocks, is simply that the market has been rallying in anticipation of rate cuts throughout 2024. Even after its Thursday drop, the S&P 500 is still up roughly 17% year-to-date, and the Nasdaq Composite has soared around 23% amid the AI boom.
“Stocks have been on such a tear for such a long time, you could argue that [the] good news was already baked in the cake,” Sterling, of GW&K Investments, explained.
To his point, it’s not necessarily surprising that inflation is coming down, particularly with so many once-red hot price categories falling sharply. And that means many investors have likely been pricing in falling rates when valuing stocks. Take lumber, for example, where futures prices are down more than 75% from their 2021 peak. Or used cars, where the average price nationwide is down from its 2022 peak of over $30,000 to just $25,328.
At the end of the day, maybe market participants just listened to the classic Wall Street line given to rookie investors on Thursday: Buy the rumor, sell the news.