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全美有超一半家庭買(mǎi)不起一套普通房子

ALENA BOTROS
2024-09-04

要買(mǎi)得起一套中等價(jià)位的簡(jiǎn)易房,潛在購(gòu)房者的年收入需要近8萬(wàn)美元,然而50.1%的家庭年收入不超過(guò)7.5萬(wàn)美元。

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在房?jī)r(jià)高得無(wú)法承受的時(shí)代尋找住房。圖片來(lái)源:GETTY IMAGES

每個(gè)人都想擁有一套簡(jiǎn)易房。在競(jìng)標(biāo)戰(zhàn)中,有時(shí)這意味著每周五晚上都要請(qǐng)賣(mài)家吃披薩,但仍然會(huì)被拒絕。

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎很有趣,但全美有一半家庭的收入不足以購(gòu)買(mǎi)一套簡(jiǎn)易房。根據(jù)Redfin的數(shù)據(jù),要買(mǎi)得起一套中等價(jià)位的簡(jiǎn)易房,潛在購(gòu)房者的年收入需要近8萬(wàn)美元。然而,美國(guó)人口普查局(Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,50.1%的家庭年收入不超過(guò)7.5萬(wàn)美元。

普通股的簡(jiǎn)易房通常只有一到兩間臥室。在另一個(gè)時(shí)代,它可能有三間臥室,面積可能在1200平方英尺(約合111.48平方米)左右。簡(jiǎn)易房并不總是位于完美的社區(qū)或城市,但卻比中等水平的住宅更經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是,現(xiàn)在的簡(jiǎn)易房甚至都算不上簡(jiǎn)易房了。人們可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)的房屋數(shù)量在不斷減少,而且這種情況似乎還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。遺憾的是,這帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題不僅僅是找不到住的地方。房地產(chǎn)是很多普通美國(guó)人積累財(cái)富的方式:他們買(mǎi)一棟小房子,房子升值,他們由此積累資產(chǎn),然后出售,再買(mǎi)一棟更大的房子。每一次,他們的個(gè)人財(cái)富都會(huì)增加,但如今要做到這一點(diǎn)要難得多,而且對(duì)于大部分千禧一代和Z世代買(mǎi)家來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎是不可能的。

分析指出:“美國(guó)人需要比一年前賺更多錢(qián),而且比疫情前賺更多錢(qián),才能買(mǎi)得起一套簡(jiǎn)易房,原因是抵押貸款利率上升,房?jī)r(jià)接近歷史最高點(diǎn)。”上個(gè)月,抵押貸款利率平均為6.85%,遠(yuǎn)低于春季,但與疫情低點(diǎn)相去甚遠(yuǎn):普通簡(jiǎn)易房售價(jià)為25萬(wàn)美元,創(chuàng)歷史新高。20萬(wàn)美元簡(jiǎn)易房的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。

由于住房負(fù)擔(dān)能力如此惡化,那些原本可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起簡(jiǎn)易房的家庭已經(jīng)失去了優(yōu)勢(shì)。Redfin表示:“房?jī)r(jià)上漲迫使許多中等收入的美國(guó)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房,并將許多低收入家庭完全擠出市場(chǎng)?!?/p>

在隨后的分析中,該公司表示:“簡(jiǎn)易房是熱門(mén)商品;低收入家庭、中等收入家庭和投資者都在爭(zhēng)相購(gòu)買(mǎi)。”作者舉例說(shuō),由于更多人感興趣和庫(kù)存增加,上月待售簡(jiǎn)易房銷量較上年同期增長(zhǎng)10%。因此,找到簡(jiǎn)易房變得更容易,但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻惡化了。

密爾沃基的一位Redfin高級(jí)經(jīng)紀(jì)人在報(bào)告中表示:“這里有一些既令人向往又負(fù)擔(dān)得起的社區(qū),房屋售價(jià)在15萬(wàn)至35萬(wàn)美元之間。但首次購(gòu)房者卻面臨著困難,因?yàn)檫@些房屋通常會(huì)收到至少五份報(bào)價(jià)?!痹诿軤栁只?jiǎn)易房的中位數(shù)價(jià)格為19.5萬(wàn)美元。

“我最近以21萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格掛牌了一套房子,并收到了幾份報(bào)價(jià)。其中一份報(bào)價(jià)包括每周五晚上請(qǐng)賣(mài)家吃披薩,直到交易完成。我們最終選擇了出價(jià)更高的一方,但這是買(mǎi)家競(jìng)相購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)例子?!?/p>

據(jù)Redfin估計(jì),在50個(gè)人口最多的大都市區(qū)中,有一半的家庭收入達(dá)到了當(dāng)?shù)氐闹形粩?shù),但卻無(wú)力購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房??紤]一下南加州的部分地區(qū),那里的家庭需要比當(dāng)?shù)毓烙?jì)的收入高出很多,才能購(gòu)買(mǎi)一套簡(jiǎn)易房。根據(jù)Redfin的數(shù)據(jù),洛杉磯的收入中位數(shù)約為9.3萬(wàn)美元。該房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)公司與美國(guó)人口普查局的數(shù)據(jù)略有不同,后者列出的洛杉磯縣家庭收入中位數(shù)約為82500美元??偠灾?,洛杉磯家庭的收入需要接近18.5萬(wàn)美元,才能買(mǎi)得起一套價(jià)值65萬(wàn)美元的普通簡(jiǎn)易房。

在北加州,Redfin估計(jì)的收入中位數(shù)更高,但仍不足以負(fù)擔(dān)起一套普通的簡(jiǎn)易房。在圣何塞,簡(jiǎn)易房的中位數(shù)價(jià)格為97萬(wàn)美元,而Redfin估算的收入中位數(shù)約為17萬(wàn)美元。人口普查局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,圣何塞、圣克拉拉縣地區(qū)的收入中位數(shù)接近15.5萬(wàn)美元。與此同時(shí),購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房所需的收入超過(guò)29.9萬(wàn)美元。

圣何塞地區(qū)的一位Redfin經(jīng)紀(jì)人在分析中說(shuō)道:“灣區(qū)的房?jī)r(jià)太高了,就連許多高收入的科技員工也望而卻步,所以他們開(kāi)始關(guān)注周邊城市。我有一個(gè)客戶想在帕洛阿爾托買(mǎi)房,但已經(jīng)負(fù)擔(dān)不起了,所以他們?cè)谏峋S耳市和圣克拉拉尋找住房。這使得鄰近城市的許多低收入者完全被排除在外?!?/p>

盡管這并不是什么新鮮事,但其中蘊(yùn)含的含義卻十分恐怖??紤]到兩位候選人在住房問(wèn)題上截然不同的政策建議和評(píng)論,在大選年住房危機(jī)的背景下,這一點(diǎn)值得關(guān)注。

Redfin首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家達(dá)里爾·費(fèi)爾韋瑟(Daryl Fairweather)在分析中表示:“卡瑪拉·哈里斯(Kamala Harris)和唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)都承諾讓更多人負(fù)擔(dān)得起住房,但只有哈里斯表示住房問(wèn)題是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。她計(jì)劃新建300萬(wàn)套住房,這將使普通美國(guó)家庭更能負(fù)擔(dān)得起簡(jiǎn)易房?!?/p>

她繼續(xù)說(shuō)道:“哈里斯提出的實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的途徑之一是通過(guò)激勵(lì)地方政府和補(bǔ)貼經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房的建筑商。這可能有助于解決簡(jiǎn)易房嚴(yán)重短缺的問(wèn)題,尤其是在昂貴的沿海地區(qū)市場(chǎng)?!保ㄘ?cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

每個(gè)人都想擁有一套簡(jiǎn)易房。在競(jìng)標(biāo)戰(zhàn)中,有時(shí)這意味著每周五晚上都要請(qǐng)賣(mài)家吃披薩,但仍然會(huì)被拒絕。

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎很有趣,但全美有一半家庭的收入不足以購(gòu)買(mǎi)一套簡(jiǎn)易房。根據(jù)Redfin的數(shù)據(jù),要買(mǎi)得起一套中等價(jià)位的簡(jiǎn)易房,潛在購(gòu)房者的年收入需要近8萬(wàn)美元。然而,美國(guó)人口普查局(Census Bureau)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,50.1%的家庭年收入不超過(guò)7.5萬(wàn)美元。

普通股的簡(jiǎn)易房通常只有一到兩間臥室。在另一個(gè)時(shí)代,它可能有三間臥室,面積可能在1200平方英尺(約合111.48平方米)左右。簡(jiǎn)易房并不總是位于完美的社區(qū)或城市,但卻比中等水平的住宅更經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠。最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是,現(xiàn)在的簡(jiǎn)易房甚至都算不上簡(jiǎn)易房了。人們可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)的房屋數(shù)量在不斷減少,而且這種情況似乎還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。遺憾的是,這帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題不僅僅是找不到住的地方。房地產(chǎn)是很多普通美國(guó)人積累財(cái)富的方式:他們買(mǎi)一棟小房子,房子升值,他們由此積累資產(chǎn),然后出售,再買(mǎi)一棟更大的房子。每一次,他們的個(gè)人財(cái)富都會(huì)增加,但如今要做到這一點(diǎn)要難得多,而且對(duì)于大部分千禧一代和Z世代買(mǎi)家來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎是不可能的。

分析指出:“美國(guó)人需要比一年前賺更多錢(qián),而且比疫情前賺更多錢(qián),才能買(mǎi)得起一套簡(jiǎn)易房,原因是抵押貸款利率上升,房?jī)r(jià)接近歷史最高點(diǎn)?!鄙蟼€(gè)月,抵押貸款利率平均為6.85%,遠(yuǎn)低于春季,但與疫情低點(diǎn)相去甚遠(yuǎn):普通簡(jiǎn)易房售價(jià)為25萬(wàn)美元,創(chuàng)歷史新高。20萬(wàn)美元簡(jiǎn)易房的時(shí)代一去不復(fù)返了。

由于住房負(fù)擔(dān)能力如此惡化,那些原本可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起簡(jiǎn)易房的家庭已經(jīng)失去了優(yōu)勢(shì)。Redfin表示:“房?jī)r(jià)上漲迫使許多中等收入的美國(guó)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房,并將許多低收入家庭完全擠出市場(chǎng)?!?/p>

在隨后的分析中,該公司表示:“簡(jiǎn)易房是熱門(mén)商品;低收入家庭、中等收入家庭和投資者都在爭(zhēng)相購(gòu)買(mǎi)?!弊髡吲e例說(shuō),由于更多人感興趣和庫(kù)存增加,上月待售簡(jiǎn)易房銷量較上年同期增長(zhǎng)10%。因此,找到簡(jiǎn)易房變得更容易,但負(fù)擔(dān)能力卻惡化了。

密爾沃基的一位Redfin高級(jí)經(jīng)紀(jì)人在報(bào)告中表示:“這里有一些既令人向往又負(fù)擔(dān)得起的社區(qū),房屋售價(jià)在15萬(wàn)至35萬(wàn)美元之間。但首次購(gòu)房者卻面臨著困難,因?yàn)檫@些房屋通常會(huì)收到至少五份報(bào)價(jià)?!痹诿軤栁只?,簡(jiǎn)易房的中位數(shù)價(jià)格為19.5萬(wàn)美元。

“我最近以21萬(wàn)美元的價(jià)格掛牌了一套房子,并收到了幾份報(bào)價(jià)。其中一份報(bào)價(jià)包括每周五晚上請(qǐng)賣(mài)家吃披薩,直到交易完成。我們最終選擇了出價(jià)更高的一方,但這是買(mǎi)家競(jìng)相購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)例子?!?/p>

據(jù)Redfin估計(jì),在50個(gè)人口最多的大都市區(qū)中,有一半的家庭收入達(dá)到了當(dāng)?shù)氐闹形粩?shù),但卻無(wú)力購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房??紤]一下南加州的部分地區(qū),那里的家庭需要比當(dāng)?shù)毓烙?jì)的收入高出很多,才能購(gòu)買(mǎi)一套簡(jiǎn)易房。根據(jù)Redfin的數(shù)據(jù),洛杉磯的收入中位數(shù)約為9.3萬(wàn)美元。該房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)公司與美國(guó)人口普查局的數(shù)據(jù)略有不同,后者列出的洛杉磯縣家庭收入中位數(shù)約為82500美元。總而言之,洛杉磯家庭的收入需要接近18.5萬(wàn)美元,才能買(mǎi)得起一套價(jià)值65萬(wàn)美元的普通簡(jiǎn)易房。

在北加州,Redfin估計(jì)的收入中位數(shù)更高,但仍不足以負(fù)擔(dān)起一套普通的簡(jiǎn)易房。在圣何塞,簡(jiǎn)易房的中位數(shù)價(jià)格為97萬(wàn)美元,而Redfin估算的收入中位數(shù)約為17萬(wàn)美元。人口普查局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,圣何塞、圣克拉拉縣地區(qū)的收入中位數(shù)接近15.5萬(wàn)美元。與此同時(shí),購(gòu)買(mǎi)簡(jiǎn)易房所需的收入超過(guò)29.9萬(wàn)美元。

圣何塞地區(qū)的一位Redfin經(jīng)紀(jì)人在分析中說(shuō)道:“灣區(qū)的房?jī)r(jià)太高了,就連許多高收入的科技員工也望而卻步,所以他們開(kāi)始關(guān)注周邊城市。我有一個(gè)客戶想在帕洛阿爾托買(mǎi)房,但已經(jīng)負(fù)擔(dān)不起了,所以他們?cè)谏峋S耳市和圣克拉拉尋找住房。這使得鄰近城市的許多低收入者完全被排除在外。”

盡管這并不是什么新鮮事,但其中蘊(yùn)含的含義卻十分恐怖??紤]到兩位候選人在住房問(wèn)題上截然不同的政策建議和評(píng)論,在大選年住房危機(jī)的背景下,這一點(diǎn)值得關(guān)注。

Redfin首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家達(dá)里爾·費(fèi)爾韋瑟(Daryl Fairweather)在分析中表示:“卡瑪拉·哈里斯(Kamala Harris)和唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)都承諾讓更多人負(fù)擔(dān)得起住房,但只有哈里斯表示住房問(wèn)題是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。她計(jì)劃新建300萬(wàn)套住房,這將使普通美國(guó)家庭更能負(fù)擔(dān)得起簡(jiǎn)易房?!?/p>

她繼續(xù)說(shuō)道:“哈里斯提出的實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的途徑之一是通過(guò)激勵(lì)地方政府和補(bǔ)貼經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房的建筑商。這可能有助于解決簡(jiǎn)易房嚴(yán)重短缺的問(wèn)題,尤其是在昂貴的沿海地區(qū)市場(chǎng)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:中慧言-王芳

Everyone wants a starter home. In bidding wars, sometimes it means buying a seller pizza every Friday night, and still getting passed up.

It may sound as if it’s all fun and games, but half of all households in the country don’t earn enough money to buy a simple starter place. To afford a median-priced starter home, would-be buyers need to earn almost $80,000 a year, according to Redfin. Yet, Census Bureau data shows 50.1% of households earn $75,000 or less.

A typical starter home is usually one to two bedrooms. In another time, it may have been three and probably around 1,200 square feet. They aren’t always in the perfect neighborhood or city, but they are more affordable than a mid-tier home. The crucial point is starter homes are hardly even starter homes anymore. How much home people can buy keeps dwindling and it seems as though it’ll continue to do so for some time. Unfortunately, this poses a problem apart from simply finding a place to live. Real estate is the way a lot of typical Americans build wealth; they buy one small house, it appreciates, they build equity, and then they sell and buy a bigger one. Each time, they move up in terms of personal wealth, but that is much harder to do today—and nearly impossible for large swaths of millennial and Gen-Z buyers.

“Americans need to earn more than a year ago–and much more than before the pandemic–to afford a starter home because mortgage rates are elevated and home prices are near record highs,” the analysis stated. Last month, mortgage rates averaged 6.85%, much lower than in the spring, but a far cry away from the pandemic lows; and the typical starter home sold for $250,000, a record high. Gone are the days of $200,000 starter homes.

Because housing affordability is so strained, households that could have previously afforded more than a starter home, have lost ground. “Rising prices have pushed many middle-income Americans to buy starter homes, and pushed many lower-income households out of the market altogether,” Redfin said.

Later in the analysis, it said: “Starter homes are a hot commodity; lower-income families, middle-income families and investors are all vying for them.” The author cited pending starter home sales, which rose 10% last month compared to a year earlier between increasing interest and inventory. So it’s become easier to find a starter home but harder to afford one.

“There are neighborhoods here that are both desirable and affordable, with homes selling in the $150,000 to $350,000 range. But first-time buyers are struggling because those homes typically get at least five offers,” a Redfin Premier agent in Milwaukee said in the report. In Milwaukee, the median starter home price is $195,000.

“I recently listed a house for $210,000 and it received several bids, one of which included an offer to buy the seller pizza every Friday night until the deal closed. We ended up going with a higher offer, but that’s an example of the creativity we’re seeing as buyers compete for starter homes.”

In half of the 50 most populous metropolitan areas, a family earning the local median income can’t afford to buy a starter home, according to Redfin’s estimates. Consider parts of Southern California, where families need to make substantially more than the estimated local income to buy a starter home. In Los Angeles, the median income is around $93,000, per Redfin. The real estate brokerage firm’s data differs slightly from the Census Bureau, which lists the median household income in Los Angeles county at around $82,500. All told, an LA household needs to earn close to $185,000 to afford a typical starter home valued at $650,000.

In Northern California, Redfin’s estimated median incomes are higher, and still not nearly enough to match what is needed to afford a typical starter home. In San Jose, the median price for a starter home is $970,000, and the median income is around $170,000 per Redfin. Census Bureau data shows it’s close to $155,000 for the San Jose, Santa Clara county area. Meanwhile, the income that’s needed to buy a starter home is more than $299,000.

“Homes in the Bay Area are so expensive that even many high-earning tech employees have been priced out of the area, so they’re looking at neighboring cities,” a Redfin agent in the San Jose area said in the analysis. “I have one client who wanted to buy in Palo Alto, but they can’t afford it anymore so they’re looking in Sunnyvale and Santa Clara. That’s pricing out a lot of lower earners in those neighboring cities completely.”

The implication of that is scary, even if it’s nothing new. And in an election year, in the midst of a housing crisis, it’s something to watch considering the two candidates’ very different policy proposals and commentary on housing.

“Both Kamala Harris and Donald Trump have promised to make homeownership more affordable, but only Harris has signaled that housing is a top priority,” Redfin Chief Economist Daryl Fairweather said in the analysis. “Her plan to build 3 million new homes could make starter homes more affordable for the average American family.”

She continued: “One pathway Harris has suggested for accomplishing that goal is through incentives to local governments and subsidies for builders of affordable housing. That could help battle the severe starter-home shortage, particularly in expensive coastal markets.”

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